篇一：2004年高考天津化学
理科综合能力测试
化学部分
在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项是最符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考：
相对原子质量：H 1C 12 N 14 O 16Cl 35.5 Cu 64
7．NA代表阿伏加德罗常数值，下列说法正确的是
A．9g重水所含有的电子数为5NA B．1molMgCl2中含有离子数为NA
C．7.1g氯气与足量NaOH溶液反应转移的电子数为0.2NA （ ）
D．1molC10H20分子中共价键总数为13NA
8．核磁共振（NMR）技术已广泛应用于复杂分子结构的测定和医学诊断等高科技领域。已知只有质子数或中子数为奇数的原子核有NMR现象。试判断下列哪组原子均可产生NMR现象 （ ）
列
试剂中不能选用的是 ．．．．
A．溴水
C．酸性KMnO4溶液
B．FeCl3溶液 D． AgNO3溶液 （ ） （ ） A．O271831P119Sn 12B．AlFC C．元素周期表中VA族所有元素的原子 D．元素周期表中第1周期所有元素的原子 199．仅用一种试剂鉴别如下物质：苯、CCl4、NaI溶液、NaCl溶液、Na2SO3溶液，下10．下列混合溶液中，各离子浓度的大小顺序正确的是 A．10mL0.1mol/L氨水与10mL0.1mol/L盐酸混合，
?c(Cl?)?c(NH4)?c(OH?)?c(H?)
B．10mL0.1mol/LNH4Cl溶液与5mL0.2mol/LNaOH溶液混合，
C．10mL0.1mol/LCH3COOH溶液与5mL0.2mol/LNaOH溶液混合，
D．10mL0.5mol/LCH3COONa溶液与6mL1mol/L盐酸混合， c(Na?)?c(Cl?)?c(OH?)?c(H?) c(Na?)?c(CH3COO?)?c(OH?)?c(H?)
c(Cl?)?c(Na?)?c(OH?)?c(H?)
11．在一定温度下，某无水盐R在水中溶解度为23g，向R的饱和溶液中加入Bg该无水盐，保持温度不变，析出R的结晶水合物Wg，从原饱和溶液中析出溶质R的质量为（ ）
A．(W?B)23g 123B．(W?B)23g 77
C．(W?B)23g 100D． (W?77B)g 23
（ ） 12．下图为氢氧燃料电池原理示意图，按照此图的提示，下列叙述不正确的是 ．．．
A．a电极是负极 B．b电极的电极反应为：4OH?4e???2H2O?O2? ??C．氢氧燃料电池是一种具有应用前景的绿色电源 D．氢氧燃料电池是一种不需要将还原剂和氧化剂全部储藏在电池内的新型发电装置
13．一定条件下，向一带活塞的密闭容器中充入2mol SO2和1molO2，发生下列反应：
2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)达到平衡后改变下述条件，SO3气体平衡浓度不改变的是 ．．．
（ ）
A．保持温度和容器体积不变，充入1mol SO2(g)
B．保持温度和容器内压强不变，充入1mol SO3(g)
C．保持温度和容器内压强不变，充入1mol O2(g)
D． 保持温度和容器内压强不变，充入1mol Ar(g)
26．（14分）锌和铝都是活泼金属，其氢氧化物既能溶于强酸，又能溶于强碱。但是氢氧化
?铝不溶于氨水，而氢氧化锌能溶于氨水，生成Zn(NH3)2
4。
（1（2（3① （427．（19CH3CH2I. II. 到B和C
回答下列问题：
（1）B的相对分子质量是；C?F的反应类型为；D中含有官能团的名称。
（2）D?F?G的化学方程式是：
。
（3）A的结构简式为。
（4）化合物A的某种同分异构体通过臭氧化并经锌和水处理只得到一种产物，符合该条件
的异构体的结构简式有种。
28．（19分）
I. 合成氨工业对化学的国防工业具有重要意义。写出氨的两种重要用途
。
II. 实验室制备氨气，下列方法中适宜选用的是。
① 固态氯化铵加热分解 ② 固体氢氧化钠中滴加浓氨水
③ 氯化铵溶液与氢氧化钠溶液共热④ 固态氯化铵与氢氧化钙混合加热
III. 为了在实验室利用工业原料制备少量氨气，有人设计了如下装置（图中夹持装置均已略
去）。
[实验操作]
① 检查实验装置的气密性后，关闭弹簧夹a、b、c、d、e。在A中加入锌粒，向长颈漏斗
注入一定量稀硫酸。打开弹簧夹c、d、e，则A中有氢气发生。在F出口处收集氢气并检验其纯度。
② 关闭弹簧夹c，取下截去底部的细口瓶C，打开弹簧夹a，将氢气经导管B验纯后点燃，
然后立即罩上无底细口瓶C，塞紧瓶塞，如图所示。氢气继续在瓶内燃烧，几分钟后火焰熄灭。
③ 用酒精灯加热反应管E，继续通氢气，待无底细口瓶C内水位下降到液面保持不变时，
打开弹簧夹b，无底细口瓶C内气体经D进入反应管E，片刻后F中的溶液变红。 回答下列问题：
（1）检验氢气纯度的目的是。
（2）C瓶内水位下降到液面保持不变时，A装置内发生的现象是，防止了实验装置中压强
过大。此时再打开弹簧夹b的原因是，C瓶内气体的成份是。
（3）在步骤③中，先加热铁触媒的原因是。反应管E中发生反应的化学方程式是。
29．（14分）将32.64g铜与140mL一定浓度的硝酸反应，铜完全溶解产生的NO和NO2混
合气体在标准状况下的体积为11.2L。请回答：
（1）NO的体积为L，NO2的体积为L。
（2）待产生的气体全部释放后，向溶液加入VmLamol/L的NaOH溶液，恰好使溶液中的
Cu2?全部转化成沉淀，则原硝酸溶液的浓度为mol/L。
（3）欲使铜与硝酸反应生成的气体在NaOH溶液中全部转化为NaNO3，至少需要30%的
双氧水g。
2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）
理科综合能力测试参考答案
I卷每题6分，共42分。
7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B
11. A12. B13. B
?26．（14分） （1）AlO2[或Al(OH)?
4]
??Na2ZnO2?H2? （2）Zn?2NaOH?
[或Zn?2NaOH?2H2O???Na2Zn(OH)4?H2?]
?（3）①③④（4）Al3??3NH3?H2O?Al(OH)3??3NH4
篇二：天津高考完型2004-2014(含答案)
my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget. ―Sweetie, my company wants tome but needs me to work in Brazil. This is like your teacher telling that you’ve done and allowing you to skip a grade(跳级), but you’ll have to your friends. Would you say yes to your teacher?‖ She gave me a the night I had said ―yes‖ but for the first time, I realized themake.For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day. Every evening I’d 21 wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day. A phone call, however, could never replace her and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.
During my fourth-grade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large apartment, I became how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on family and work. decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldn’t know whether you make the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a Back home , I myself that what my mother could do, I could, too. If she 30 to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be . I learn how to take care of myself My mother is now back with us. But I will never forget what the has really taught me. in the end. The separation between us has proved to be for me.
16. A. attract B. promote C. surpriseD. praise 17. A. little B. much C. well D. wrong 18. A. leave B. refuse C. contact D. forgive 19. A. explainingB. sleeping C. wonderingD. regretting 20. A. poor B. timely C. final D. tough 21. A. eagerly B. politely C. nervously D. curiously 22. A. patience B. presence C. intelligenceD. Influence 23. A. Comfortable B. Expensive C. Empty D. Modern
24. A. Interested inB. aware of C. doubtfulD. satisfied with 25. A. when B. whereC. which D. that 26. A. abandoningB. balancing C. comparingD. mixing 27. A. Depending onB. supplied withC. Faced withD. Insisting on 28. A. different B. friendly C. positiveD. general 29. A. criticized B. informed C. warned D. reminded 30. A. managed B. offered C. attemptedD. expected 31. A. grateful B. energetic C. independent D. practical 32. A. examples B. limits C. rules D. goals 33. A. question B. experience C. history D. occasion 34. A. pay off B. come back C. run out D. turn up 35. A. blessing B. gathering C. failure D. Pleasure
As I held my father’s hands one night, I couldn’t help but notice their calluses(老茧）and roughness. His hands tell the story of his life as ,including all his struggles.
One summer, I remember, a drought (旱灾）hit Ontario,turning it intodesert.On one og those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the lasttook twenty minutes.That morning,however,the process didn’tquickly.After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the twenty dozen.I was completely frustrated the basket heavily, I declared, ―If the store wants its last twenty dozen,they can pick it themselves1‖Dadthink,my little girl,only ten dozen left for each of us and then we’re,he never gives up.
challenging time for everyone,
Dad remained be grateful for other things like Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.
Dad is also a living example of .From dawn to dusk,he warks countless hours family.He always puts our own,and never fails to cheer me on at my sports exhaustion after long days. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic andputting others first.
Dad，I have learned from you will stay with me forever.You are my father,teacher,friend and,most importantly,my hero. 16. A.teacherB.gardener C.farmer D.grocer 17. A.stormyB.lively C.disappearingD.burning 18. A.orderB.form C.gapD.position 19. A.repeatedly B.normally C.finally D.really 20. A.go B.begin C.occur D.change 21. A.yet B.stillC.even D.nearly 22. A.surprisedB.nervousC.angry D.frightened 23. A.apologized B.cried C.complainedD.laughed 24. A.lost B.done C.gone D.touched 25. A.meets with B.brings upC.works outD.thinks about 26. A.Thankfully B.HopefullyC. Unfortunately D.Strangely 27. A.or B.for C.so D.but 28. A.happened B.seemed C.continued D.aimed 29. A.faceB.appreciate C.examine D.question 30. A.loveB.pride C.friendship D.honesty 31. A.support B.settle C.start D.impress 32. A.afterB.before C.besideD.under 33. A.in spite of B.in terms of C.in control of D.in place of 34. A.careful B.regretful C.considerate D.humorous
I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan, a ___16___ rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew ___17___ I wanted to climb it. That has been my life’s passion (钟爱) ever since--- ___18___ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I’ve long made Yosemite my ___19___.
About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of ___20___, like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It’s ___21___ me why visitors started respecting the place ___22___ and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.
I tried ___23___ trash(垃圾)myself, but the job was too big. I would ___24___an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so ___25__ it that I decided something had to change.
As a rock-climbing guide, I knew ___26___about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a ___27___. On that day, more than 300 people ___28___. Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to ___29___. I couldn’t believe the ___30___ we made ---the park looked clean!
Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and ___31___ 132 miles of roadway.
I often hear people ___32___ about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by ___33___ rather than complaining. We need to teach by ___34___. You can’t blame others ___35___ you start with yourself. 16. A. distant B. huge C. narrow D. loose 17. A. immediately B. finally C. gradually D. recently 18. A. imagining B. painting C. describing D. climbing 19. A. garden B. home C. lab D. palace 20. A. material B. resources C. waste D. goods 21. A. beyond B. against C. over D. within 22. A. more B. most C. less D. least 23. A. throwing away B. picking up C. breaking down D. digging out
24. A. kill B. save C. wait D. spend 25. A. satisfied with B. delighted in C. tired of D. used to 26. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 27. A. cleanup B. party C. picnic D. concert 28. A. dropped out B. showed up C. looked around D. called back
29. A. demand B. receive C. accomplish D. overcome 30. A. plan B. visit C. contact D. difference 31. A. crossed B. measured C. covered D. designed 32. A. talk B. complain C. argue D. quarrel 33. A. doing B. thinking C. questioning D. watching 34. A. method B. explanation C. example D. research A Love Note To My Mom
When I was a little girl, would often accompany you as you modeled for fashion—memorizing textbooks you were in law school, I was more puzzled. I didn’t known. Moms be lawyers too. You smiled and said,―In life, you can do anything you want to do.‖
As young as I was, that statement kept in my ears. I watched as you faced the of completing your studies, staring companies with Dad, while still being a and a Mom if five kids. I was exhausted just watching you .With your words of wisdom in my mind, I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream. My whole world .I set out to live my life filled with , seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements.
Your words became my motto. I found myself in the unique position of being either the first (woman doctor in Maryland Rotary) one of the few women (chief medical reporters) in my field. I gained strength every time I said , ―Yes, I’ll try that.‖
Encouraged by your , I have forged ahead (毅然前行) with my life’s journey, less afraid to make mistakes, and meeting each challenge. You did it, and now I’m it. Sorry, got to run. So much to do, so many dreams to live. 16. A. found B. play C. keptD. provided 17. A. saving B. making C. donating D. receiving 18. A. businessB. fashion C. law D. medical 19. A. whatB. that C. which D. where 20. A. atB. toC. uponD. under
21. A. amusedB. worried C. puzzled D. disappointed 22. A. role B. testsC. positionsD. shows 23. A. mustB. ought toC. need D. could 24. A. ringing B. blowingC. falling D. beating 25. A. choices B. chances C. challenges D. changes 26. A. professor B. doctor C. reporterD. model 27. A. in dangerB. in actionC. in troubleD. in charge 28. A. weakB. powerfulC. youthfulD. empty 29. A. came back B. closed down C. went by D. opened up 30. A. hope B. hardshipC. harmony D. sadness 31. A. constantlyB. shortly C. hardly D. nearly 32. A. and B. but C. or D. for 33. A. description B. statement C. praiseD. introduction 34. A. secretly B. curiously C. carelesslyD. eagerly 35. A. doingB. considering C. correcting D. reading
Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves 团伙)problems in the schools of his community. Knowing trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he .
impact. A chance encounter in 2000 proved that. One .He sensed trouble between them. gave him a hug.‖I when I was in fifth grade. That days of my life .‖
Deeply touched by the boy’s word, Moody decided to create a foundation（基金会）teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. ―As a policeman, I saw on the kids,‖ says Moody.
you’re sitting there waiting for a
―Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer（同龄人）pressures in high school,‖ says Michelle, 17 who
Moody faces 34 in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time.‖I’m living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my 35 to give back,‖ Moody says.‖If I teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.‖
16. A. drinking B．drugC．securityD．smoking 17. A. ran into B．got over C．left behind D．looked into 18. A．ahead B．away C．offD．out 19. A．immediateB．damaging C．limited D．lasting 20. A．once B．while C．since D．until 21. A．quarreling B．complaining C．talking D．cheering 22. A．SlowlyB．Suddenly C．Finally D．Secretly 23. A．understandB．hear C. see D．remember 24. A．fishingB．sailing C．boating D. swimming． 25. A．quietest B．longestC．best D．busiest 26. A．connects B．introducesC．reducesD．commits 27. A．where B．unless C．as D．whether 28. A．impressionB．burdenC．decisionD．impact 29. A．asked B．intended C．pretended D．agreed 30. A．solutionB．changeC．bite D．surprise 31. A．concernsB．interests C．conversations D．emotions 32. A. participated inB. worked outC. approved ofD. made up 33. A. misuseB. avoid C. tolerate D. test
34. A. unemployment B. challenge C. competition D. retirement The first time I remember noticing the crossing guar
was solved. As I the school he was standing in the the kids had in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the from the crossing guard, and the driver, a stiff-looking(表情刻板的)
wave back. Each following car of kids on their more heartily.
Every morning I continued to watch the man with So far I haven’t seen anyone to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n) to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. Hisarmed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the of the whole neighbourhood.
16. A. hitB. disappointed C. presentedD. bored 17. A. onB. from C. duringD. about 18. A. false B. shyC. apologeticD. bright 19. A. researchB. study C. recognize D. explore 20. A. praised B. blamed C. mistaken D. respected 21. A. conclusion B. description C. evaluation D. introduction 22. A. argumentB. disagreement C. mystery D. task 23. A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left
24. A. drawing backB. putting onC. handing in D. holding out 25. A. OnceB. Before C. Unless D. While 26. A. inB. through C. out D. down 27. A. cried B. cheered C. smiledD. gestured 28. A. ideaB. reply C. noticeD. greeting 29. A. awkward B. angry C. elegant D. patient 30. A. came B. respondedC. hurried D. appeared 31. A. surpriseB. frustrationC. interest D. doubt 32. A. fail B. tryC. wishD. bother
33. A. offerB. sacrifice C. promise D. difference 34. A. effectiveness B. cheerfulness C. carefulness D. seriousness 35. A. trends B. observationsC. regulationsD. feelings
2008天津高考完型训练
Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new high school was different. In the first week, Jenna went to tryouts(选拔赛)for cheerleaders(拉拉队队员). She was competing against very talented girls, and she knew it read a list of the girls for a second tryout. Her heart as the list ended without her name. Feeling she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework.
Arriving home, she started with math. She had always been a good math student, but now she was to find that she didn’t have any trouble with those subjects. Feeling better, she decided not tofor the time being.
The nest day Jenna went to see Mrs. Biden about being on the school Mrs. Biden wasn’t as as Jenna. ―I’m sorry, but we have enough for the newspaper already. Come back next year and we’ll talk then.‖ Jenna smiled and left. ―Why is ?‖ she sighed.
Later in class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so By the end of class, she understood how to get them right. As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she’d continue to try to at her new school. She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to mom had said: ―You will feel like a small fish in a big pond a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the fish you can be.‖
16. A. processes B. decision C. challengesD. exercises 17. A. Therefore B. HoweverC. Otherwise D. Besides 18. A. difficult B. easy C. boring D. interesting 19. A. editor B. boss C. candidate D. judge 20. A. jumpedB. sank C. stoppedD. raced 21. A. strangeB. happyC. awful D. lonely
22. A. struggling B. improving C. workingD. complaining 23. A. ashamed B. disappointed C. shockedD. relieved 24. A. put up B. prepare for C. worry aboutD. give up 25. A. committee B. newspaper C. radioD. team 26. A. enthusiasticB. artistic C. sympathetic D. realistic 27. A. speakersB. readers C. cheerleadersD. writers 28. A. widely B. weakly C. excitedlyD. brightly 29. A. similar B. ordinaryC. differentD. familiar 30. A. physics B. history C. English D. math 31. A. pleasureB. hopeC. trouble D. sorrow 32. A. fit inB. look outC. stay up D. get around 33. A. swimB. try C. ask D. escape 34. A. in return forB. in case of C. in terms of D. instead of 35. A. slimmestB. smallestC. best D. gentlest
2007天津高考完型训练
Roberta appeared on the stage. She took a deep breath and began to Now she was Portia, a strong–willed in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. The theater was filled with people. She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced, the words flowing form her.
选拔试演). She being in front of other people. She was very at school. She had never thought she was good enough at anything to much attention. She stayed mostly to herself, making friends. She had excellent grades, she always thought that something was missing.
Two weeks before the audition, Robertsa’s mother had heard about it and her to join in.
―I can’t think of anyone else better suited to the part. Remember all the plays you used to act our for us?‖
Her mother wouldn’t let the drop. ―You’re just a little scared (害怕) .Everyone gets scared. You know you28do it. The trick is to look past the29 to find the love of what you’re doing.’’
So Roberta had made an appointment (预约) with the head of the Drama Club. She had read the play and found herself excited by the of speaking such rich words. In secret she practiced Portia’s part, the lines by repeating them over and over. It wasn’t hard; she every minute of it. Every time she spoke the words, she had a new of the lines, as if Shakespeare had written Portia on many levels.
On the day of the audition, she two of Portia’s famous speeches for the auditors. When she had finished, the head of the Drama Club announced the was hers.
16. A. sing B. danceC. speak D. report 17. A. member B. actress C. player D. character 18. A. weaklyB. rapidlyC. smoothlyD. slowly 19. A. At firstB. In fact C. After all D. In all 20. A. hated B. enjoyed C. appreciated D. regretted 21. A. honest B. shy C. politeD. patient 22. A. avoid B. focus C. pay D. attract 23. A. fewB. a few C. several D. many 24. A. orB. so C. for D. but
25. A. forced B. requested C. encouraged D. reminded 26. A. acceptB. playC. offer D. learn 27. A. roleB. matter C. interest D. grade 28. A. canB. mustC. may D. should 29. A. anger B. pain C. sadness D. fear 30. A. purpose B. way C. idea D. importance 31. A. memorizing B. organizing C. checking D. improving 32. A. disliked B. lovedC. expected D. bore 33. A. consideration B. descriptionC. selection D. understanding 34. A. practiced B. plannedC. performedD. delivered
2006天津高考完型训练
I work as a volunteer（志愿者）for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to him.
Before setting out, I told Barrett this trip would be tiring and two tays, he said almost nothing. I worried the trip was too for a 17-year-old. Then on day three, as we were over high rocky mountains, he turned to me and grinned（咧嘴笑）,―Pretty hard.‖
After that there was no turning back. A five-year-old girl, wearing a dress several sizes
large and broken shoes, followed Barrett around, mesmerized（着迷）. He couldn’t stop Later he said ―I wish I could speak French.‖ I was －this from a boy who hated and French classes throughout school.
Usually silent, he Gaby, our host, and kept asking questions about the country and its people. He blossomed（活泼起来）.
breath away occurred in a village deep in the mountains. I was a woman villager for an article. 135 centimeters tall, she was small in figure but strong in . Through determination, she had learned to read and write and to become part of the leadership of the .
Learning her story, Barrett was as as I by this tiny woman’s achievements. His eyes were wet and there was a of love and respect on his face. He had finally understood the importance of my work.
When leaving for home, Barrett even offered to stay as a volunteer. My insides suddenly felt struck. This achieved all I’d expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He’ll be a man.
16. A. comfort B. please C. attract D. educate 17. A. rough B. dangerous C. troublesomeD. violent 18. A. littleB. muchC. fast D. slow 19. A. moving B. running C. climbing D. looking 20. A. too B. very C. even D. so
21. A. joking B. crying C. shouting D. smiling 22. A. patientlyB. regretfully C. lightlyD. cheerfully 23. A. ashamedB. disappointedC. determined D. surprised 24. A. took upB. went in for C. fought againstD. called off 25. A. befriended B. disregarded C. avoided D. recognized 26. A. ThusB. Even C. MeanwhileD. However 27. A. my B. his C. our D. her 28 A.asking B. interviewing C.arrangingD.describing 29. Abrain B. wish C. will D. health 30.A.appearedB. struggledC. hesitatedD. failed 31.A. village B. city C. organization D. state 32.A. pleasedB. bored C. puzzledD. touched 33.A. combination B. composition C. connection D. satisfaction 34.A. in B. behindC. outD. away 2005天津高考完型训练
Having left the town , the girl stopped the car at the landing near the entrance of the bay (海湾). She stepped into the and round out silently . The tide was rushing to the entrance and to the wild open sea . She had to row across the bay to reachside . The waves struck against the side of the boat,and uneven ; it becamedifficult to row . If shefor a moment , the tide would push the boat back towards the .
She wasn’t even halfway , she was already tired and her handsfrom pulling on the rough wooden oars （船浆）. ―I’m never going toit‖ , she thought . She rested the oars on her knees andher head helplessly , then looked up as she the boat shift (晃动) against the tide .
The east wind , which had swung (旋转) around from the south-west , her help and pushed the boat towards the mountains . It was going to be .Her hands weren’t so painful . Her chest didn’t feel as if it was about to burst.
The lights of the town became. One of the oars banged against the side of the bost and sheit with a start . Had she been asleep , or just?
She looked over her shoulder . She was almost on the beach . The girl gave one laston the oars to ground the boat , and then lay back against the seat . She listened to the waves and knew she had come home . Far across the moonlit bay the lights were nomore than a sparkling chain . 16．A．car B．boat C．ship D．sail17．A．beside B．before C．behind D．beyond18．A．another B．other C．either D．the other19．A．deep B．calm C．gentle D．rough 20．A．more B．less C．as D．least21．A．slept B．continued C．rested D．rowed22．A．home B．mountains C．south-west D．entrance 23．A．if B．so C．but D．since 24．A．hurt B．ruined C．troubled D．broke25．A．get B．make C．keep D．take 26．A．turned B．dropped C．cocked D．raised27．A．saw B．made C．heard D．felt28．A．got to B．came to C．sent for D．reached for29．A．difficult B．serious C．all right D．certain enough30．A．any more B．still more C．no more D．once more 31．A．brighter B．bigger C．closer D．smaller32．A．destroyed B．threw C．repaired D． seized 33．A．dreaming B．guessing C．inventing D．expecting34．A．blow B．hit C．pull D．strike35．A．anxiously B．happily C．sadly D．carefully
篇三：2004-2009年天津高考试卷(理综)化学部分及答案
理科综合能力测试
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷两部分，共300分，考试用时150分钟。
第I卷
（选择题共21题 每题6分共126分）
7．NA代表阿伏加德罗常数值，下列说法正确的是
A．9g重水所含有的电子数为5NA
B．1molMgCl2中含有离子数为NA
C．7.1g氯气与足量NaOH溶液反应转移的电子数为0.2NA
（ ）
D．1molC10H20分子中共价键总数为13NA
8．核磁共振（NMR）技术已广泛应用于复杂分子结构的测定和医学诊断等高科技领域。已
知只有质子数或中子数为奇数的原子核有NMR现象。试判断下列哪组原子均可产生NMR现象 （ ）
A．18O
119271219
Sn B．Al F C P
C．元素周期表中VA族所有元素的原子 D．元素周期表中第1周期所有元素的原子
31
9．仅用一种试剂鉴别如下物质：苯、CCl4、NaI溶液、NaCl溶液、Na2SO3溶液，下列试剂中不能选用的是．．．．
A． 溴水 B． FeCl3溶液 C． 酸性KMnO10．下列混合溶液中，各离子浓度的大小顺序正确的是
A． 10mL0.1mol/L氨水与10mL0.1mol/L盐酸混合，
c(Cl)?c(NH
?
?4
4
（ ）
3
溶液 D． AgNO
溶液 （ ）
)?c(OH
?
)?c(H)
?
B． 10mL0.1mol/LNH4Cl溶液与5mL0.2mol/LNaOH溶液混合，
?
?
?
c(Na)?c(Cl)?c(OH
)?c(H)
?
C． 10mL0.1mol/LCH3COOH溶液与5mL0.2mol/LNaOH溶液混合，
?
?
c(Na)?c(CH3COO
)?c(OH
?
)?c(H)
?
D．10mL0.5mol/LCH3COONa溶液与6mL1mol/L盐酸混合，
?
?
?
c(Cl)?c(Na)?c(OH)?c(H)
?
11． 在一定温度下，某无水盐R在水中溶解度为23g，向R的饱和溶液中加入Bg该无水
盐，保持温度不变，析出R的结晶水合物Wg，从原饱和溶液中析出溶质R的质量为（ ）
12323
g C． (W?B)100
A． (W?B)
23
g B． (W?B)
2377
g
D． (W?
7723
B)g
12．下图为氢氧燃料电池原理示意图，按照此图的提示，下列叙述不正确的是 ．．．
A．a电极是负极
（ ）
B．b电极的电极反应为：4OH
?
?4e
?
???2H2O?O2?
C．氢氧燃料电池是一种具有应用前景的绿色电源
D．氢氧燃料电池是一种不需要将还原剂和氧化剂全部储藏在电池内的新型发电装置
13． 一定条件下，向一带活塞的密闭容器中充入2mol SO2和1molO2，发生下列反应：
2SO2(g)+O2(g)
2SO3(g)达到平衡后改变下述条件，SO3气体平衡浓度不改变的是 ．．．
（ ）
A．保持温度和容器体积不变，充入1mol SO2(g) B． 保持温度和容器内压强不变，充入1mol SO3(g) C． 保持温度和容器内压强不变，充入1mol O2(g) D． 保持温度和容器内压强不变，充入1mol Ar(g)
第II卷（共10题 共174分）
26．（14分）锌和铝都是活泼金属，其氢氧化物既能溶于强酸，又能溶于强碱。但是氢氧化
2?
铝不溶于氨水，而氢氧化锌能溶于氨水，生成Zn(NH3)4。
（1）（2（3① （427．（19CH3CH2I. II. 到B和C
回答下列问题：
（1）B的相对分子质量是 ；C?F的反应类型为 ；D中含有官能团的名称 。
D?F?G（2）的化学
是：。 （3）A的结构简式为 。
（4）化合物A的某种同分异构体通过臭氧化并经锌和水处理只得到一种产物，符合该条件的异构体的结构简式有 种。 28．（19分）
I. 。
II.
① 固态氯化铵加热分解 ② 固体氢氧化钠中滴加浓氨水 ③ 氯化铵溶液与氢氧化钠溶液共热④ 固态氯化铵与氢氧化钙混合加热 III. 为了在实验室利用工业原料制备少量氨气，有人设计了如下装置（图中夹持装置均已略去）。
方
程
式
[实验操作]
① 检查实验装置的气密性后，关闭弹簧夹a、b、c、d、e。在A中加入锌粒，向长颈漏斗
注入一定量稀硫酸。打开弹簧夹c、d、e，则A中有氢气发生。在F出口处收集氢气并检验其纯度。
② 关闭弹簧夹c，取下截去底部的细口瓶C，打开弹簧夹a，将氢气经导管B验纯后点燃，
然后立即罩上无底细口瓶C，塞紧瓶塞，如图所示。氢气继续在瓶内燃烧，几分钟后火焰熄灭。
③ 用酒精灯加热反应管E，继续通氢气，待无底细口瓶C内水位下降到液面保持不变时，
打开弹簧夹b，无底细口瓶C内气体经D进入反应管E，片刻后F中的溶液变红。 回答下列问题：
（1）检验氢气纯度的目的是。
（2）C瓶内水位下降到液面保持不变时，A装置内发生的现象是 ，防止了
实验装置中压强过大。此时再打开弹簧夹b的原因是，C瓶内气体的成份是 。
（3）在步骤③中，先加热铁触媒的原因是。反应管E中发生反应的化学方程
式是 。 29．（14分）将32.64g铜与140mL一定浓度的硝酸反应，铜完全溶解产生的NO和NO2混合气体在标准状况下的体积为11.2L。请回答：
（1）NO的体积为 L，NO2的体积为 L。
（2）待产生的气体全部释放后，向溶液加入VmLamol/L的NaOH溶液，恰好使溶液中
的Cu
2?
全部转化成沉淀，则原硝酸溶液的浓度为 mol/L。
3
（3）欲使铜与硝酸反应生成的气体在NaOH溶液中全部转化为NaNO
双氧水 g。
，至少需要30%的
参考答案
I卷 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B11. A12. B13. BII卷
26．（14分） （1）AlO2?[或Al(OH)?] 4（2）Zn?2NaOH???Na2ZnO
2
?H2?
[或Zn?2NaOH?2H2O???Na2Zn(OH)4?H2?] 3?
?
2005年高考天津理综化学部分及答案
7．下列说法正确的是
A．H与D，16O与18O互为同位素；H216O、D216O、H218O、D218O互为同素异形体； 甲醇、乙二醇和丙三醇互为同系物
B．在SiO2晶体中，1个Si原子和2个O原子形成2个共价键
C．HI的相对分子质量大于HF，所以HI的沸点高于HF
D．由IA族和VIA族元素形成的原子个数比为1:1、电子总数为38的化合物，是含有 共价键的离子型化合物
8．下列各组离子在溶液中能大量共存的是
A．酸性溶液Na、K、MnO4、BrB．酸性溶液Fe、NH4、SCN、NO3 C．碱性溶液Na+、K+、AlO2—、SO42— D．碱性溶液Ba2+、Na+、CO32—、Cl—9．在密闭容器中，在一定条件下，进行下列反应：
NO(g) + CO(g) 1/2N2(g) + CO2(g)；△H = －373.2 KJ/mol，达到平衡后，为提高该反应的速率和NO的转化率，采取的正确措施是
A．加催化剂同时升高温度 B．加催化剂同时增大压强 C．升高温度同时充入N2 D．降低温度同时增大压强 10．下列除杂质的方法不可行的是 ．．．
A．用过量氨水除去Al3+溶液中的少量Fe3+
B．将混合气体通过灼热的铜网除去N2中的少量O2
C．用新制的生石灰，通过加热蒸馏，以除去乙醇中的少量水 D．用盐酸除去AgCl中少量的Ag2CO3 11．下列叙述正确的是
A．反应Na2O2 + 2HCl == 2NaCl + H2O2 为氧化还原反应
B．反应
仅涉及消去反应类型
C．10mL 0.02mol/L AgNO3溶液与10mL 0.02mol/L HCl溶液混合后，溶液的pH=2 （设溶液总体积不变）
D．10mL 0.04mol/L HCl溶液与10mL 0.02mol/L Na2CO3溶液混合后，溶液的pH=7 （设溶液总体积不变）
12．金属镍有广泛的用途。粗镍中含有少量Fe、Zn、Cu、Pt等杂质，可用电解法制备高纯
度的镍，下列叙述正确的是（已知：氧化性Fe＜Ni＜Cu） A．阳极发生还原反应，其电极反应式：Ni2+ + 2e— == Ni B．电解过程中，阳极质量的减少与阴极质量的增加相等 C．电解后，溶液中存在的金属阳离子只有Fe2+ 和Zn2+
D．电解后，电解槽底部的阳极泥中只有Cu和Pt 13．下列实验操作或事故处理中，正确的做法是
A．银镜反应实验后附有银的试管，可用稀H2SO4清洗
B．在中学《硫酸铜晶体里结晶水含量测定》的实验中，称量操作至少需要四次 C．不慎将浓H2SO4沾在皮肤上，立即用NaOH溶液冲洗
2+
2+
2+
+
+
—
—
3++
—
—