篇一：2015年高考湖北卷语文试题及答案解析
2015年高考湖北卷语文试题及答案解析
2015年高考湖北卷语文试题及答案解析
一、语文基础知识（共15分，共5小题，每小题3分）
1．下列各组词语中，加点字的注音全都正确的一组是
A．缜（shèn）密 感喟（kuì） 紫蔷薇（wēi） 暗香盈（yínɡ）袖
B．镶（xiānɡ）嵌驰骋（chěnɡ） 栀（zhī）子花 逸兴遄（chuán）飞
C．热忱（chén） 别（bié）扭 康乃馨（xīn） 积微成著（zhù）
D．菜肴（yáo） 酣（hān）畅蒲（pú）公英春风拂（fó）面
A项的缜（shèn）密为明显错误，应为zhěn；C中别（bié）扭一词中，“别”应为biè；D中春风拂（fó）面念出来就是错的，应为fú，所以第一题选B。
2．下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是
A．商埠 绰约 扣人心弦 扶老携幼 B．博奕 翘楚 以逸待劳 固若金汤
C．笃信 聪慧 日臻成熟 灸手可热 D．溃乏 矫情 所向披靡 汗流浃背
B项中的“博奕”应为“博弈”，C中的“炙手可热”中的“炙”被写成了“针灸”的“灸”，D项中“匮乏”不是“溃乏”，选A。
3．依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是
研究伊始，该团队选取了华北、西北地区生产的几十种马铃薯进行分析 ，从营养成分、 、硬度等方面多次试验， 确定了适合加工马铃薯面条的两个品种。随后，又从诸多面粉种类中试验选取了 的小麦粉加以调试。
A.鉴别色泽终于 适量 B.鉴别色彩 终于适当
C.甄别 色泽最终 适当D.甄别色彩 最终适量
根据语境来做辨析。“甄别”强调“认真仔细地去区别”，而鉴别多用于古董真假的分辨；“最终”比之“终于”更客观——综合以上两个词，已经可以排除其他选项，选择C
4．下列各项中，没有语病的一项是
A．2015年3月1日正式实施了《湖北省全民阅读促进办法》，是我国首部关于全民阅读的地方政府规章，普通人的阅读权益因此获得了法律保障。
B．近年来，生态保护意识渐入人心，所以当社会经济发展与林地保护管理发生冲突时，一些地方在权衡之后往往会选择前者。
C．2014年底，我国探月工程三期“再入返回飞行”试验获得成功，确保嫦娥五号任务顺利实施和探月工程持续推进奠定坚实基础。
D．对血液和血液制品进行严格的艾滋病病毒抗体检测，确保用血安全，是防止艾滋病通过采血与供血途径传播的关键措施。
A项“实施了”改为“实施的”，B项应为“后者”，C项后半句前加一个“为”字，本题选择D。
5．下列有关文学常识和名著阅读的表述，有错误的一项是
A．《古诗十九首》最早见于南朝梁萧统的《文选》，代表了东汉末年文人五言诗的最高成就。这些作品多表现夫妇、朋友间的离情别绪，士人的宦游失意之感，有的作品还发出了人生短暂的感叹。
B．哈姆莱特得知他的父亲被谋杀的真相，悲愤难抑，在发出“人类是多么了不得的杰作??宇宙的精华！万物的灵长”的赞叹后，明确表示不再对人类发生兴趣。这说明莎士比亚对人文主义彻底绝望。
C．“凹晶馆联诗悲寂寞”一回中，月圆之夜，湘云、黛玉相约联诗。二人越联越妙，渐入佳境，湘云出句“寒塘渡鹤影”，黛玉对出了“冷月葬花魂”。这两句诗正是湘云、黛玉各自悲剧人生的写照与象征。
D．《论语·里仁》：“不患无位，患所以立。不患莫己知，求为可知也。”意思是说不愁没有职位，只愁没有任职的本领；不担心没有人知道自己，应该去追求足以使别人知道自己的本领。这说明了自身能力才是最重要的。
文学常识题，B选项中哈姆雷特发出的感慨是“生存或是毁灭，这是一个问题”，错误项为B。
二、现代文（论述类文本）阅读（共9分，共3小题，每小题3分）
阅读下面的文章，完成6－8题。
秦汉时代的普遍知识与一般思想
葛兆光
秦汉时代的普遍知识与一般思想，大致可以归纳如下。
“天”仍然是判断与理解的基本依据。仿效“天”的构造，模拟“天”的运行，遵循“天”的规则，就可以获得思想与行为的合理性。在人们心目中，凡是仿效“天”的，就能够拥有“天”的神秘与权威，于是，这种“天”的意义，在祭祀仪式中转化为神秘的支配力量，在占卜仪式中转化为神秘的对应关系。不仅是一般民众，就连天子与贵族也相信合理依据和权力基础来自于“天”，秦汉时代皇宫的建筑要仿效天的结构，汉代的墓室顶部要绘上天的星象，祭祀的场所更要仿造一个与天体一致的结构。
“天”所显示的自然法则更加明确地被一些基本的数字概念所表述，而这些概念又被具体化为一些可以操作的技术，于是“天”与“人”之间就被联系起来。首先是“一”。在秦汉时代，它既是宇宙的中心、唯一的本原、至上的神祇，又是天下一统、君主权威、理性法则、知识基础和一切的终极依据。其次是“二”。“二”即阴阳，既可以指日月、天地，也可以指君臣、上下，以及从阴阳引申出来的冷暖、湿燥、尊卑、贵贱。再次是“五”。在《吕氏春秋》中，思想家曾为“五”并列出种种匹配的事物和现象。这说明人们普遍相信“五行”可以归纳和整理宇宙间的一切，使宇宙整齐有序。相反，如果五行、五色、五声、五味、五方、五脏、五祀等等发生紊乱，人们就要用技术将其调整过来，否则人就会生病，社会就会混乱，宇宙就会无序。比如朝代的变更，要顺序地吻合五德的排行；人们的服饰，要顺序地吻合五色的轮次。这种数字概念经历了漫长的整合和论证过程，在秦汉时代终于以系统的形式固定下来。
沟通天地人神的权力仍然被少数术士所掌握。大多数人相信，他们由于有某些特殊的禀赋与训练，拥有与神秘世界对话的能力，人们需要通过他们与天、与神灵、与祖先交流。 当时人们关心的中心问题有以下几类。一是生命。铜镜铭文这样的考古资料透露了秦汉时代人们的生活观念，看来当时的人们相信人是可以不死的，不过也相信人之永恒极其困难。如果说铜镜铭文、帛画、画像石中的神仙内容及秦汉方士的求仙寻药炼金活动，反映了人们对生命的期望和想象，那么很明显，他们也努力地探索过人体的奥秘与医疗技术，张家山汉简中的《脉书》、马王堆帛书中的《五十二病方》等，就反映了人们的焦虑和忧患。正是在这种期望和想象、焦虑和忧患中，人们逐渐形成了生死观念。二是幸福。在秦汉的一般思想世界中，精神上的自由和超越作为人生幸福的内容，渐渐退居次要地位，对幸福的期望往往被普遍的神仙信仰具体化和世俗化，精神上的自由和超越被生理上的自由和超越（永生）所取代，“富贵”与子孙“繁衍”成了更现实的追求，铜镜铭文中那么多的“富贵”和“宜子孙”的字样就是明证。三是国家。当诸侯国家日益消亡或削弱，各种文化区域日趋混融成为一个文化共同体的时候，人们开始彼此认同。“天下”一词在当时是一个较纯粹的政治概念，当人们逐渐有了更广泛的地理知识之后，人们认识到自己所熟悉的地域只是天下的一部分，于是又常常使用“海内”一词。“海内”一词在当时成了中国人的文化疆域的代名词，凡是生活在海内的人，凡是有共同语言、习俗、观念与服饰的海内人，都是“文化意义”上的“中国人”，文化意义上的共同体已经在人们心目中确立了。
（本文有删改）
6．关于秦汉时代人们对“天”的认识，下列理解符合原文意思的一项是
A．汉代的墓室顶部要绘上天的星象，祭祀的场所更要仿造一个与天体一致的结构，这只是为了营造一种神秘的氛围，让普通人敬畏。
B．人类的社会秩序、伦理(转载自：www.dXf5.cOm 东星资源网:湖北高考试题及答案)关系都是以“天”为依据来建立的，如果发生紊乱，人们可以根据自己的意志来进行调节，使问题得到根本解决。
C．无论普通民众还是权贵，都把“天”作为认识世界的基本依据，认为遵循“天”的规则，效法“天”，能够获得思想和行为的合法性。
D．“天”是自然的法则，一切知识都与之相关，秦汉时代的人们以“天”为根本法则认识外部世界，以神仙信仰为终极依据认识自我。
7．下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是
A．因为“天”等同于“一”，意味着绝对和神圣，所以，秦汉时代皇宫的建筑要仿效天的结构，以显示对唯一的神的崇敬。
B．一些基本的数字概念的表述显示了天与人之间的关联，五行、五声、五色、五方、五祀等实际上都体现了“天”蕴含的自然法则与宇宙秩序。
C．秦汉时代，在很多人的观念里，只有少数被认为有特殊禀赋与训练的术士才能与天、神沟通，并非人人都具有与神秘世界对话的能力。
D．“一”“二”“五”等数字概念表达了“天”所显示的自然法则，这些概念的形成和确立经历了漫长的过程，并牵连着中国古代的思想传统。
8．根据原文内容，下列理解和分析正确的一项是
A．秦汉时代，人们普遍相信“五行”可以归纳和整理宇宙间的一切，使宇宙整齐有序，所以“五”也可以作为宇宙间一切的终极依据。
B．秦汉时代人们的普遍知识与一般思想反映出，中国人对于幸福的理解从来就没有精神超越的层面，而只着重于现世与物质层面。
C．秦汉时代，人们相信永生可以实现，这样的生死观导致了神仙信仰的世俗化，对于“富贵”和“宜子孙”的追求即是神仙信仰世俗化的重要表现。
D．秦汉时代，与“天下”一词作为政治概念不同，“海内”是“文化疆域”的代名词，“海内”的人于文化层面能够彼此认同。
6．C 7．A8．D
把三道题的每个选项都回归原文，定位分析。需要学生有足够的耐心，加上细心，才能拿到全分。
第6题关于秦汉时代人们对“天”的认识需要在文章中找到“‘天’”这一字眼出现的位置，然后比对信息。
第7题同样回到原文中定位，虽然工作量较大，但是将原文和选项对比后会发现，错误项的错因都很明显，主要是错在以偏概全和偷换概念上。
前两题都属于细节把握题，考生一定要注意在文章中找到选项提及的内容，然后再做信息比对。
第8题文意探究其实是对于细节题的一个拓展，按照细节题对应原文定位解析的方法，不难得出正确答案。
三、古代诗文阅读（共34分，共7小题）
阅读下面的文言文，完成9－12题。
赠郡侯郭文麓升副使序
[明]唐顺之
廉吏自古难之。虽然，今之所谓廉者，有之矣。前有所慕于进而后有所惧于罪，是以虽其嗜利之心不胜其竞进之心，而其避罪之计有甚于忧贫之计，慕与惧相持于中，则势不得不矫强而为廉。其幸而恒处于有可慕、有可惧之地，则可以终其身而不至于坏，而世遂以全节归之。其或权位渐以极，则可慕者既已得之，而无复有惧于罪。至如蹉跎沦落，不复自振，则可慕者既已绝望，且将甘心冒罪而不辞。是故其始也，缩腹镂骨以自苦；而其后也，甚或出于饕餮之所不为。人见其然，则曰：“若人也，而今乃若是！”而不知始终固此一人也。虽然，此犹自其既坏言之也。方其刻意为廉之时，而其萌芽固已露矣。苟捐之足以为名，而得之足以为罪，则千金有所必割；苟捐之不足以为名，而得之不足以为罪，则锥刀有所必算。人见其千金之捐乃其奇节，而不知锥刀之算其真机也，从而谓之曰廉。
嗟乎！是安知古之所谓廉者哉？古之所谓廉者，必始于不见可欲。不见可欲，故其奉于身者薄；奉于身者薄，故其资于物者轻。虽其一无所慕与无所惧，而未尝不廉。盖虽欲不廉，而无所用之也。
郭侯治吾常【注】，以平易岂弟、与民休息为政，而尤以清苦绳约自律。余始见侯如是，则亦以为今之所谓廉者耳。徐而与侯处，听其议论，察其志之所存，乃知侯非今之所谓廉者也。侯性本澹泊，苦厌纷华，尝言曰：“我蔬食则喜，肉食则不喜；布裀则寝乃安，纻裀则寝不安。”其奉身率如此。侯盖古之廉者也。闻侯之夫人亦乐于粝食敝衣，与侯所嗜好无异。然则古之廉者，犹或不免于室人交谪，于是益知侯之为难能也。
侯居常三年，升山东副使以去，侯之僚霍君、裘君与其属武进尹杨君征余文为侯赠。夫侯之廉，人既已尽知之，而奚俟乎余之言耶？虽然，余知侯之廉非出于慕与惧，而方其为守，则犹在有可慕、有可惧之地也。自今以往，官益峻而望益隆，将可慕者得而可惧者去矣，侯之廉犹是也，而后人信之曰：侯果非慕与惧者也。然则知侯者莫如余先也，而乌得无言乎？（选自《荆川先生文集》，有删改）
【注】常：地名，指常州。
篇二：2015湖北高考英语试卷试卷及答案
2015年湖北省高考英语试卷
（简易版本）
二、单选题
21 .When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _______ and had a bad fall.
A .balance B.chance C.memory D.place
22. He gave him a new name to hide his ______when he went to carry out the secret task.
A .emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure
23. The team are working hard to ______ the problem so that they can find the best solution.
A .face B.prevent C.raise D.analyze
24. In order to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ______ that someone was moving about upstairs.
A.whisper B.signal C.declare D.complain
25.There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _______ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A.leave out B.goes against C.lies in D.makes up
26.Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will sooner or later.
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
27.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment，he has so hurry a little if he wants to be________.
A. accurate B. punctual C. efficient D. reasonable
28.I don’t think what he said is to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar
29.The girl used to be shy, but is getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
A. gradually B. usually C. previously D. merely
30.This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A. in advance B. in detail C. in total D. in general
三、完形填空
“Daily Star, sir” called Jason, carrying some newspaper under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty __31__ left. His voice was almost gone and his head was __32__. The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. He would have to go home too, carrying the papers__33__ money. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a __34__ for his mother and some seeds for his bird. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. He __35__ as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.
“You don’t know the __36__ of selling papers. You must shout, ‘Hot news!Bomb bursting!’” another newsboy Chad told Jason. “__37__ it’s not in the paper at all,” replied Jason. “Just run away quickly __38__ they have time to see, and you’ll __39__ out and get your money,” Chad said.
It was a new __40__ to Jason. He thought of his bird with no __41__ and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was __42__ that he would not tell a lie.Though he was __43__ a poor newsboy, he had been __44__ some good things.
The next morning Jason went to the office for his papers __45__. Several boys were crowding around Chad, who declared with a __46__ smile that he sold six doze the day before. He added that Jason __47__ money because he would not tell a lie. The boys __48__ at Jason. “You wouldn’t tell a lie yesterday, my boy?” A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder __49__. “You’re just the boy I am looking for.” A week later Jason started his new __50__. He lost the sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie, but got a well-paid job because he told the truth.
31. A. shops B. coins C. people D. papers
32. A. open B. heavy C. pure D. weak
33. A. instead of B. in return for C. regardless of D. in exchange for
34. A. cup B. card C. comb D. cake
35. A. gave in B. broke down C. got away D. showed up
36. A. difficulty B. process C. goal D. secret
37. A. And B. But C. For D. So
38. A. before B. since C. though D. unless
39. A. call B. drop C. sell D. reach
40. A. edition B. idea C. policy D. task
41. A. bread B. insects C. seeds D. water
42. A. concerned B. amazed C. excited D. determined
43. A. still B. already C. just D. also
44. A. taught B. handed C. awarded D. allowed
45. A. at once B. by chance C. as usual D. on purpose
46. A. proud B. gentle C. warm D. polite
47. A. borrowed B. lost C. made D. saved
48. A. laughed B. shouted C. nodded D. stared
49. A. bravely B. gratefully C. fondly D. modest
50. A. duty B. business C. job D. method
四、阅读理解
A
“I see you’ve got a bit of water in your coat” said the man at the petro station,”
Isit raining out there? “”No, it’s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right.
A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.”
As it happen, the bit was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite might get
from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some cream in the car
park near Haytor, and perhaps though I’d jumped in ahead of him.
The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is tourist-heavy and
tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite signs asking them ….By
feeding the ponies, tourist increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and …..them
hander a gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).
The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked,
the baby care can be stopped from feeding on their mothers’ milk, and those who’ve
gone beyond their limited area can be return to their correct area. Some of them are
also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by
Natural England.
Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few west of here. While
walking,I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “hello” I said to him, assuming the he
was just rolling for fun, but he was vey still and , as I got closer, I saw him kicking his
legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him.
Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection office
r and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the
pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him,
and he began to run happily around again.
Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversit
y of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and t
rying to come up with plans to find a sustainable（可持续
的) future for one of Dartmoor's most financilal-trouble elements.
51. Why are tourist asked not to feed the ponies?
A. To protect the tourists from being bitten.
B. To keep the ponies off the police station.
C. To avoid putting the ponies in danger
D. To prevent the ponies from fighting.
52. One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ___________
A. to feed baby ponies on milk
B. to control the number of ponies
C. to expand the habitat for ponies
D. to sell the ponies at good price
53. What was the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back？
A．He free it from the trap.
B. He called a protection offer
C. He worried about it very much
D. He thought of it as being naughty
54. What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies?
A. It lacks people’s involvement.
B. It costs a large amount of money
C. It will affect tourist in Dartmoor
D. It has caused an imbalance of species
B
What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 ofan acre in Los Angeles, Loe and
her family grow, can(装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.
Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she share her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what’s on their plate.
Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned thather enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,” she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.
“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,”Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs“can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it’s a great place to start.” Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.
Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food,Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar.”Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.” In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children:“Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no one will.”
55. The underlined word “prerequisite”(Para. 1) is closest in meaning to “_____”.
A. recipe
B. substitute
C. requirement
D. challenge
56. Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?
A. They are used daily.
B. They are easy to grow.
C. They can grow very tall.
D. They can be eaten uncooked.
57. According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?
A. It can preserve their best flavor.
B. It can promote her online sales.
C. It can better her cooking skills.
D. It can improve their nutrition.
58. What is the “the bigger picture”(Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?
A. The knowledge about good food.
B. The way to live a grow-our-own life.
C. The joy of getting in touch with foods.
D. The responsibility to protect our earth.
C
Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amesterdam andUtrecht in theGooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of theNetherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting ofsand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over tocycle and walk through the surrounding
forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile（纺织）and media industries, and modern architecture.
In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They built themselves large villas（别墅）in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textileindustry and aided a substantial textileindustry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.
The change to a media economy started in 1920, when theNederlandseSeintoestellenFabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hilversum.Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of theNetherlands, and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.
In the early 1900s, modern architects W. M. Dudok and J. Duiker placedhundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architecturalmasterpieces（杰作） are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open airmuseum. Dudok alone shaped most of 20 th century Hilversum and approximately 75buildings still bear his unique characteristics. His masterpiece, Hilversum Town Hall,was built in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in manyarchitecture textbooks. The building has remarkable shape and looks like acombination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.
59. Hilversum is different form most of the Netherlands in that _______.
A. it has a large population
B. it is cut off form big cities
C. is has many beautiful gardens
D. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil
60. What was the greatest contribution of the Brennikmeijers to Hilversum?
A. Building a railway link to Amsterdam.
B. Helping its textileindustry to develop.
C. Constructing large villas for the poor.
D. Assisting its agricultural industry.
61. The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of _______.
A. a radio factory
B. the media capital
C. a radio station
D. a TV station
62. What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall?
A. It consists of approximately 75 buildings.
B. It looks like an open airmuseum in the city.
C. It is a classic example in architecture textbooks.
D. It has shaped most of 20 th century Hilversum.
篇三：2015年湖北高考数学试题和答案(理科)