篇一：高中英语情态动词讲解与练习(含答案)
高中英语语法之情态动词
（一）情态动词的定义 ：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
（二）情态动词的特点 ：1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：
What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）
I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
1） 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式： We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2） 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一： They need not have been punished so severely.
3） 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式： She dare not say what she thinks.
4） 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：
Still, she needn't have run away.
5） 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间： Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it.
6） 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用： You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
（三）情态动词有四类：①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to⑤情态动词表猜测
（四）情态动词的基本用法
1. can (could)
1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。
Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？
2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。
The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.
气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。
He can′t (couldn′t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
You mustn′t smoke while you′re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
3）表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room.
他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？
He can′t (couldn′t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。
How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？
5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
I′m afraid we couldn′t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
2. may (might)
1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don′t ./ You′d better not. / No, you mustn′t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。
2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。
They might be having a meeting, but I′m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。
3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。
We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
You mustn′t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？
--No, you needn′t. / No, you don′t have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn′t）
2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
She′s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
4. shall
1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？
What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？
2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划（决心）
5. will
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won′t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the book, I′ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。
2）表请求，用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It′s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
Won′t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？
3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 The door won′t open. 这门打不开。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。
6. should
1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
You shouldn′t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。
2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first—class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。
7.would
1）表意愿。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着旧。 I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
They wouldn′t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。
3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
8. ought to
1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。
You oughtn′t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。
2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
There′s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。
9. used to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。
I usedn′t (didn′t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。
Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？
（五）其他用法
首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。
用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形
例句：I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？
Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
情态动词还有一个很重要的用法，即情态动词表推测——
情态动词表推测的用法小结
（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。
（1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
（2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
（1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
这不可能是校长，他去美国了。
（2）He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。
3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。
（1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？
（2）Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？
注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
（2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?
布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？
3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。
（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。
（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？
难道他找到书了吗？
注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如：
（4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）
（5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟） 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
（6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虚拟） 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
（六）功能
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：
1） 构成否定式：
He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2） 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：
Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
3） 构成修辞倒装：
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4） 代替限定动词词组：
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?B: Yes, do.
重点疑难
（一）need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1.用作情态动词
--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗？ --需要。
You needn′t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。
I don′t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。
She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。
How dare you say I′m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？
Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。
2.用作实义动词
You don′t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。
We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
篇二：情态动词专项练习
情态动词专项练习
( ) 1. Hey _______ be at home because he phoned me from the farm just now.
A. mustn’t B. isn’t able to C. may notD. can’t
( ) 2. Peter could hardly see the words on the blackboard, _______?
A. did heB. couldn’t he C. didn’t heD. could he
( ) 3. We’ll go for a picnic if it _______ this Friday.
A. won’t rainB. isn’t rainingC. doesn’t rain D. don’t
( ) 4. There will be a volleyball match in our school, _______?
A. be there B. is there C. will thereD. won’t there
( ) 5. Buses and cars _______ stop when the traffic lights are red.
A. canB. mustC. may D. need
( ) 6. ---- How do you like Hangzhou, Miss Read? ---- Sorry, I _______ there.
A. have goneB. have been C. haven’t goneD. haven’t been
( ) 7. ---- Listen! Somebody is singing in the next room. Who _______ it he? Is it Wei Fang?
---- No. It _______ be her. She is at school now.
A. will, may not B. must, mustn’tC. may, can’t D. may, won’t
( ) 8. ---- Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to the railway station?
---- Oh, sorry, but I don’t know. You _______ go and ask that policeman.
A. may B. must C. would D. should
( ) 9. ---- What’s wrong with my bike? ---- It’s broken, but it _______ in an hour.
A. can be mended B. must mend C. can mendD. must be mended
( ) 10. ----- Children all bike this book. ---- I think it _______ very interesting.
A. need be B. must beC. may beD. can be
( ) 11. ---- May I go to the cinema, dad? ---- No, you ___. You must finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. must D. may
( ) 12. To make our hometown more beautiful, you _______ throw rubbish into the river.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. must D. may
( ) 13. She _______ know the answer, but I’m not sure.
A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must
( ) 14. The city cleaners ___ repeat their work many times a day during the dust – storm season.
A. may B. can C. might D. have to
( ) 15. ---- Must I go with them tomorrow? ---- No, you _______.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
( ) 16. _______ I have your name, please? ----- Yes, Michael. M-I-C-H-A-E-L.
A. MustB. WillC. May D. Would
( ) 17. _______ you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the telephone number.
A. NeedB. Could C. MustD. Should
( ) 18. _______ you be happy!
A. May B. CanC. Must D. Would
( ) 19. Since the road is wet this morning, _______ last night.
A. it must rain B. is must have rained C. it must be rained D. it must have been rained
( ) 20. I _______ such a mistake again.
A. shall never make B. can never do C. will never makeD. need never do
( ) 21. I _______ it again.
A. would like you to read B. would like that you read
C. would like you reading D. would like you read
( ) 22. You had better _______ late next time.
A. not be B. not to be C. being not D. to be not
( ) 23. _______ open the door for you?
A. Would you like that IB. Do you want me C. Will I D. Shall I
( ) 24. As the English is difficult enough, I _______ study it.
A. cannot B. am not able to C. can’t D. am not able
( ) 25. He _______ to meet us at the station, but didn’t see us.
A. did go B. did wentC. goes D. had
( ) 26. I’ve lost my watch. _______ you seen it anywhere?
A. Have B. had C. hasD. having
( ) 27. _______ you read today’s newspaper? Not yet.
A. DidB. HaveC. AreD. Has
( ) 28. What _______ it mean?
A. doesB. is C. has D. was
( ) 29. Work _______ come first.
A. can B. mayC. should D. must
( ) 30. The animals in cages _______ be happy.
A. aren’t B. can’tC. don’tD. doesn’t
( ) 31. He _______ come here tomorrow.
A. don’t need B. doesn’t need to C. needn’t to D. needs not
( ) 32. What time _______ the Reads usually have supper?
A. are B. doesC. have D. do
( ) 33. _______ you in Grade One last year? Yes, I _______.
A. Are, amB. Were, was C. Are, was D. Was, was
( ) 34. Li Ping _______ ill in bed, so he _______ go to school today.
A. was, wasn’tB. was, don’tC. did, didn’t D. was, didn’t
( ) 35. Where _______ the twins last night?
A. wereB. was C. are D. did
( ) 36. _______ you enjoy living on the farm?
A. Do B. Are C. CanD. Have
( ) 37. He _______ come here tomorrow.
A. needn’t B. needn’t toC. doesn’t need D. needs not
( ) 38. The temperature _______ below zero after twelve at night.
A. will beB. won’tC. is going to D. does
( ) 39. I think it _______ fine tomorrow.
A. is B. was C. will be D. be
( ) 40. I’d _______ to dance with my classmates on Sunday afternoon.
A. loves B. want C. hopeD. like
( ) 41. _______ you have breakfast yesterday morning?
A. DoB. DidC. AreD. Were
( ) 42. Li Lei and Wu Dong _______ on the maths problem when I left.
A. are working B. work C. was working D. were working
( ) 43. In our school, classrooms _______ cleaned every Saturday.
A. will do B. shall doC. must beD. can be
( ) 44. Many trees _______ every year.
A. was planted B. must planted C. must be plantedD. must be plant
( ) 45. Can the museum _______ next year?
A. built B. be builtC.. buildD. will be built
( ) 46. The teachers _______.
A. must be listened to carefully B. must listen to carefully
C. must strict with their studentsD. should listen to by the students
( ) 47. I don’t know when she ___ to Beijing. When she __ there, her daughter will go with her.
A. will go, will go B. will go, goes C. goes, will go D. goes, goes
( ) 48. The twins _______ a little Chinese from then on.
A. were speakingB. was able to speak C. could speakD. have been able to speak
( ) 49. ---- Please don’t use my computer. ---- Sorry! I _______ do it again.
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. should
( ) 50. How often _______ you _______ to the park when you were in Beijing?
A. do, go B. did, goC. will, goD. have, go
( ) 51. ---- _______ I hand in the work now? ---- No, you needn’t.
A. MustB. May C. Shall D. Need
( ) 52. ---- Can I go to see a film tonight, Dad? --- _______.
A. Yes, you must B. Yes, you needC. No, you can’tD. No, you won’t
( ) 53. He _______ be in his office, fo I saw him in the street just now.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
( ) 54. ---- Must we clean the classroom right now? ---- No, you __. You __ clean it after lunch.
A. needn’t, mustB. mustn’t, can C. needn’t, may D. mustn’t, must
( ) 55. ---- May I take these magazines out of the reading room? ---- No, you _______.
A. won’tB. don’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
( ) 56. Mary can hardly believe her eyes, _______?
A. can’t she B. can sheC. doesn’t sheD. does she
( ) 57. Excuse me, _______ you show me the way to the station?
A. must B. shall C. may D. could
( ) 58. You _______ return the book now; you can keep it till next week.
A. can’t B. mustn’tC. don’t D. needn’t
( ) 59. I can’t do it, so I _______ your help.
A. need B. will need C. needn’t D. don’t need
( ) 60. ---- _____ you lend me you pen? ---- Sorry, I’m using it. You _______ borrow Mary’s.
A. May, mustB. Can, may C. Can, need D. Would, will
( ) 61. Sir, you _______ sit here, it’s for women or children only.
A. don’t B. can’tC. won’t D. needn’t
( ) 62. ---- Can you write a letter in English? ---- No, I _______.
A. can’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
( ) 63. My boy, you _______ talk to your father like that.
A. won’tB. may not C. shouldn’tD. has to
( ) 64. ---- Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith, please? ---- _______.
A. can B. must C. can D. should
( ) 65. She said that he _______ smoke there.
A. Yes, you mayB. Sorry, you can’t C. Yes, I am D. Hold on, please
( ) 66. Don’t play with the knife. You _______ hurt yourself.
A. might B. mustn’t C. would D. should
( ) 67. Don’t play with the knife. You _______ hurt yourself.
A. may B. shouldC. have toD. need
( ) 68. He said that he_______ speak a little English.
A. might B. could C. wouldD. should
( ) 69. You _______ be late next time.
A. mustn’t B. canC. needn’tD. need
( ) 70. When the traffic lights are red, you _______ go.
A. can’t B. needn’tC. may notD. mustn’t
( ) 71. ---- You must be here at half past five tomorrow morning.
---- Sorry I ____ be here so early.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. may not
( ) 72. ---- May I smoke here? ---- No, you _______.
A. mustn’t B. don’tC. won’t D. need
( ) 73. ---- _______ I take the book out? ---- Yes, but you _____ return it before next Thursday.
A. Can, mayB. May, must C. May, needD. Need, must
( ) 74. _______ you lend me your dictionary?
A. CouldB. NeedC. ShouldD. Must
( ) 75. You______ go to see a doctor at once if you have hurt yourself badly.
A. can B. need C. must D. may
( ) 76. The traffic _______ stop when the lights are red.
A. must B. need C. may D. can
( ) 77. ---- Is the boy by the window your brother? ---- It _______ him.
A. need to B. would be C. maybe D. may be
( ) 78. ---- Can your brother swim? ---- _______.
A. Yes, he is B. No, he isn’t C. Yes, he canD. No, he can
( ) 79. This is a good film. You _______ it.
A. can’t see B. don’t have to see C. can’t missD. must watch
( ) 80. ----- Must I stay in till this evening? ---- No, you _______.
A. can’t B. mustn’tC. needn’t D. won’t
( ) 81. ---- Do you have to write to your pen-friend? ---- Sorry, but I really _______.
A. can’t B. must C. have D. should
( ) 82. ---- Could I borrow your pen? ---- Yes, you _______.
A. could B. canC. were able D. may
( ) 83. ---- _______ I watch TV now, Mum? ---- No, you _______ finish your homework first.
A. must, needn’t B. Can, may C. May, mustD. May, mustn’t
篇三：高三英语情态动词总结及高考真题(打印版)
2014届 高考英语情态动词专题讲解与真题训练
一、情态动词的定义
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 二、情态动词的位置
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中， 情态动词放在主语之前。 ? I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。 ? He must have been away. 他一定走了。 ? What can I do for you? 你要什么？ ? How dare you treat us like that!你怎么敢那样对待我们! 三、情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2） 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接动词原形。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。 四、情态动词的用法
（一）. can; could; be able to
Can1. 表示―能力‖(此时过去时是could) What can you do?
2. 表示许可、请求，―可以‖。 在口语中，can可以代替may表示许可，而may比较正式。（此时用could或might语气更委婉）--Can/Could I go now?--Yes, you can. 3 表示推测（否，疑），把握很大,could也可表推测（肯，否，疑）,把握比can小。 --Look! Someone is coming! Who can it be?
--It can‘t be him. He has gone to Paris.（不可能） He could be here soon. 他很快就来。
4 表示感情（惊异/不耐烦）―究竟，到底‖（主要用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中。） How can you be so foolish? What can it possibly be? 到底那是怎么一回事? They can‘t be working at this time of day.
5 肯定句中客观存在的可能性。―有时会，偶尔‖ It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. Could1.表示能力， can 的过去式，过去能够
Could you speak English then? 那时候你会说英语吗?
Looking down from the plane, we could see lights on the runway. 从飞机上向下看，我们可以看见机场跑道上的点点灯火。
2. 请求允许（委婉语气）（问句的答语不用could，而用can，）
Could [Can] I use your pen? ‖ ―Yes, of course you can.‖/ No, I‘m afraid not. 3. 表示推测可能性（肯，否，疑）
We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。(将来可能性)
You could be right, but I don‘t think you are. 你可能是对的，但我并不认为你是对的。(现在可能性) 4. could have done ①对过去推测，可能已经。。。 ②本来能够却没做，差点就
He can‘t [couldn‘t] have seen her there. 他不可能在那儿见到她。 He could have gone home. 他可能已回家了
He could have told her, but he didn‘t choose to. 他本来可以告诉她的，但他却没有。 You could ask me before you use my phone. 你打电话之前本来可以问我一声。 I was so angry I could have killed him. 我是那样生气，差点把他杀了。 5. can 和 be able to 都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别，但can 只有现在式和过去式(could)，而be able to 则有更多的形式。
过去时：were/was able to将来时：will/shall be able to 完成时：have /has been able to ★ 如果要表达将来的能力时，一般要用 will/shall be able to． ? No one is able to do it. ? We shall be able to finish the work next week. ? I haven‘t been able to finish the book ☆Could与 was/ were able to的区别：could 只表有能力， was/were able to 意含‖过去某时经过努力设法做成了某事‖, 还可以表示结果
They worked hard, so they were able to do more for the company.He could cure the old man‘s illness. (能治好)
He was able to cure the old man‘s illness. (治好了) （二）may 和 might
may （过去式might）1.表示允许﹑许可，might提问更委婉。口语中可用can/ could. ? ---May/Might I watch TV after supper?---Yes, you may./ Yes, please./ Certainly.
---No, you mustn't. / No, you may not. / No, you can‘t.--- No, you‘d better not.
2. 表示推测(肯，否)，有―或许‖、―可能‖的意思。might把握更小。疑问句用can/ could ? He may be right. ? I hear there may be a few copies left. ? He may come today (tomorrow). ? He might come today (tomorrow). 3. 表示祝愿，倒装。
May you succeed! May you have many more days as happy as this one. Might1. may 的过去式He said that I might borrow this book. 2. 许可(委婉语气) Might I ...
3. 表示推测（肯，否） ―或许‖―可能‖把握比may小。疑问句用can/could He might get there in time, but I‘m not sure. ☆特殊结构;may [might] (just) as well…
意为―不妨‖、―还是…为好‖等，用 might 比用 may 语气更委婉。如：I‘m ready，so I might as well go now．我已准备好，因此不妨现在就走。 There‘s nothing to do, so I may [might] as well go to bed. ☆特殊结构may well... 完全可能 （三）. must, have to Must
1. must 表示―必须‖。否定式must not (mustn‘t)表示―不应该‖、―不许可‖、―不准‖、―禁止‖等。 ? Everybody must obey the rules. ? The work must be finished as soon as possible. ? You mustn‘t lend it to others. ? You mustn‘t speak like that to your mother. ☆在回答有―must‖ 的询问时，否定式常用need not (needn‘t) / don‘t have to表示―不必‖, 而不用must not, 因为must not 表示―禁止‖―不可以‖
--- Must I go now?--- Yes, you must.---No, you needn‘t. / No, you don‘t have to. 2. must 表示推测（―一定‖、―必定‖），只用在肯定句中, 其否定形式为can‘t，表示―不可能‖ ? You must be hungry after the long walk. ? The Chinese language must have the large number of speakers. 3．must 表示说话人不耐烦的态度，―干嘛偏要‖ ☆ must + have + done，表示对过去事物的肯定推测。 “一定做过...”
He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 ☆ must表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。如： ? It must be nice to take a walk here, isn‘t it? ? Tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eating them, doesn't he？ Must have done 的反意疑问句有三种情况: ①从句中含有过去的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去时. ? The ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didn‘t it? ②从句中含有过去完成时的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去完成时. ? By the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadn‘t we? ③若从句中不含任何时间状语,反意疑问句用现在完成时 ? We must have been met somewhere (before), haven‘t we? ☆must 表示―必须‖ ―有必要‖时，反义疑问句部分用mustn‘t...? 或 needn‘t ...?You must go home right now, needn‘t you? ☆must 用否定形式 mustn‘t时，附加疑问句部分用may或must…? You mustn‘t cheat in the examination, must you?
3. 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦．意为―偏要‖． -____you make so much noise? （A）-Sorry, I will take care not to.
A Must B CanC MayD Would
4. must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观看法, have to ―不得不, 必须‖，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。have to 比 must 有更多形式。mustn‘t表示―决不能，禁止，一定不要‖，而don‘t have to表示―不必要‖．（英国英语常用needn‘t) . ? I don‘t like the TV set. I must buy a new one. （主观看法） ? The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one. （客观需要） ? He had to spend his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. ? You will have to do it again。(将来) （四） ought to/ should/ shall
ought to用于反映客观情况或涉及义务和规定时，常译作―应该‖、―应当‖(和should差不多， 只是语气较强)，有时表示非常可能的事情。 ? There ought not to be much noise in a hospital. ? --- Ought he to go? --- Yes, he ought to. ? If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today. ought to have done指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 ought not to have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 should
1.用于表示劝告和建议，―应该‖．表示自己的主观看法,语气比ought to弱。 You should keep your promise. ☆ should + have done 指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 should not + have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 --- Who did it sound like? Anybody you know?
--- Well, perhaps Jeff. I should have asked who was calling before he hung it up. 2.表推测，―按道理，按常理应该‖
They should have arrived by two o‘ clock. 3.表示惊讶,赞叹，不满，责备 ―竟然‖ I am sorry that you should do such a thing.
4. 用于if引导的虚拟条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性小，但也不是完全不可能。有―万一‖的意思 Should I be free tomorrow, I‘ll come
Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. shall 1. shall 作为情态动词，用于第二、第三人称，陈述句，表示说话人的意愿，有―命令‖、―警告‖、―威胁‖、―强制‖、―允诺‖等意思。―必须，应，可以‖． ? You shall do as I say. （命令） ? Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. （允诺） ? You shall be punished if you break the law. (表警告)
2. 用于第一、第三人称, 在疑问句中，shall 用来征询对方意见。―……好吗？‖―要不要……？‖ ? Where shall I wait for you? ? Shall he come at once? ? Shall we start the meeting now?
3.在条约﹑规定﹑法令等文件中表示义务或规定，用于第三人称 The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st （五）. will 和 would will
(1) will 表示―意志‖、‖决心‖ 、―意愿‖，可用于多种人称。will 指现在，would 指过去。 ? I will tell you all about it. ? He won‘t go.
(2) will 在疑问句中用语第二人称时，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求.委婉语气would ? I‘m going to go shopping after school. Will you go with me? ? Will you please give him a message when you see him? (3) 表示习惯动作，有―总是‖、―惯于‖的意思。过去式would He‘ll talk for hours if you give him the chance.
(4) 表示功能，―能‖ The door won‘t open. / The car won‘t start.
(5)用于叙述真理,客观规律时―会‖ Oil will float on water. / Fish will die without water. would
(1) Would是will的过去式，表示过去时间的―意愿‖、―愿望‖，用于多种人称。 ? They said that they would help us. ? I promised that I would do my best.
(2) 表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will 委婉。指的是现在时间。 ? Would you like some bananas? ? I‘d like to see your new bicycle. ? --- Would you like to see a film? --- Yes, I‘d like to. ? --- Thanks. I‘m afraid not. / I‘m afraid I won‘t be able to. (3) 表示过去的习惯动作。 ? She would sit like that for hours. ? Everyday she would get up at six o‘clock and light the fire. ☆would和used to区别：Would ―过去常常‖可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以，不能说：She would be a quiet girl. Used to 则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含―现在已不复如此‖之意，动作或状态都可表示．She used to be a girl.
When young, he would go out for a trip on Sundays. (Now maybe still does) ? When young, he used to go out for a trip. (But now he doesn‘t) Near the village, there _____ be a stream. （B） A. wouldB. used to （六）. need 和 dare
1. need 表示―需要‖、―必须‖。通常用在否定句或疑问句中。 ? He needn‘t pay for it. ? --- Need you go now? --- Yes, I must. --- No, I needn‘t.
2. dare 表示―敢‖。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句和if/whether 引出的宾语从句中。 ? How dare you say I‘m unfair? ? She dare not do so.
? He asked me if I dared speak English in public. ☆ need 和 dare 也可用作行为动词，变化与一般动词相同 ? She didn‘t need to go. ? --- Who dares to go? - -- I don‘t dare (to) go. ☆ I dare say …作插入语,我想, 大概, 可能, 或许 ☆ ―needn?t + have done‖ 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 You needn't have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。
G. had better/ had best ―最好‖，如： — We had better go now.
— Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better).
Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)
I think I'd better be going. （用于进行时态，表―最好立即‖） You had better have done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作） 注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用 五、 情态动词+ have done
must have done,―一定做过/一定已经．．．‖表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯定句 may/might have done 也许做过某事 may/ might not have done 也许没做过某事(之用肯、否) might have done 本来可以做某事却没做
can与have done 连用时, 为否定句或疑问句,对过去的推测―不可能，一定没做过某事‖ could have done本来可以做某事却没做
needn‘t have done 表示‖本来不必做(却做了)‖而needn‘t do 则表示‖不必做(也没做)‖ ought to /should have done 表示‖本来应当做的却没做‖ oughtn‘t / shouldn‘t have done 本来不应该做某事却做了
would/could/might/should + have done 用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
would rather have done 表示‖当时宁愿做了某事‖，否定形式：would rather not have done e.g. If I had been free that day, I would have gone with you.
would like/love to have done 表示‖ 本想做某事‖ 而实际上未做。
情态动词+be doing 表示根据推测，现在正在进行或可能正在进行的动作。Eg. His mother must be waiting at the school gate.
情态动词+be done表示现在或将要发生的被动的动作。 Men must not be judged by their looks.
情态动词+have been done 表示对过去已经发生的被动动作的猜测，有时含有指责，抱怨等不满的情绪。I can‘t find my recorder . it may have been taken away by someone.
情态动词+have been doing 表示根据猜测，从过去到现在一直在进行的动作，具有―应该一直在……‖或―想必一直在……‖等意思。 They may have been discussing the problem this morning . 六、情态动词考点解析 命题特点
考点点击：情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等，它是英语动词中最难把握的一类，也是每年高考必考内容。
命题热点：为情态动词的基本用法辨析，情态动词表示态度的用法辨析，情态动词表示推测的用法辨析，情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。
考查形式：主要体现在听力理解、单项填空和完形填空中。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。 典例精析
（一）考查情态动词的基本用法
一些常见情态动词的非常用意义往往为高考考查的焦点，考生须确切理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。
例1：―The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.‖ declared the judge. (2004重庆) A. may B. should C. must D. shall 例2：— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
— Of course. (2003北京春) A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
析：上述两题均考查 shall的非常用含义，当shall用于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁上述三题答案分别为D、B。 例3：He‘s strange -- he __ sit for hours without saying anything.A. shall B. will C. can D. must
分析：will用来谈习惯和特性，尤其是不受时限必然发生的情况。本句意思为―他很怪，能一坐几个小时一句话也不说‖。答案为B。
例4：John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？(2005全国Ⅲ)A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
例5：Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this！(2005全国II)A. wouldn‘t B. mustn‘t C. needn‘t D. may not
分析：must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为―偏要，硬要、干嘛‖；而mustn‘t则表示禁止、不允许，是说话人强有力的劝告。故答案分别为A、B。
例6：You can‘t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)A. might B. need C. should D. would 分析：在某些名词性从句中，should 表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为―竟然‖。答案分别为C。如：It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。
例7：____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must
分析：在条件状语从句中，should 表示―万一‖，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为―万一明天下雨，会议就延期。‖答案为A。
例8：A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (2003全国卷) A. should B. can C. must D. will 例9：The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. (2005浙江) A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析：can 表示推测时常用于疑问和否定句中，用于肯定句中常常表示理论上的可能性，用来表达事件或情况可能发生(但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生)。故答案分别为B、D。 （二）考查情态动词的推测用法1、对现在或客观事实的推测
对现在或客观事实的肯定推测一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could，语气依次递减。 例10：Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isn‘t quite sure yet. (2005安徽)A. shall B. must C. may D. can
例11：—I‘ve taken someone else‘s green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry‘s. He always wears green. (2005广东)A. has to be B. will be C. mustn‘t be D. could be 例12：That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.A. can B. could C. will D. ought to
分析：must的语气最强，译为―肯定‖、―准是‖、―想必是‖；should的语气次之，译为―很可能‖、―应该‖，指按常理推测；may(might)译为―也许、大概‖，表示把握不大的推断，后面常跟but。could的语气最弱，译为―也许‖、―可能‖。答案分别为C、D、C。
对现在或客观事实的否定推测，常用cannot译为―根本不可能‖、―想必不会‖，表示推测的语气非常肯定, may not, might not或could not译为―可能不‖、―也许不‖，表示推测的语气不很肯定。
例13：You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海春) A. must B. shall C. may D. need 例14：--Isn‘t that Ann‘s husband over there?
--No, it _______ be him ---I‘m sure he doesn‘t wear glasses. (2004全国Ⅰ) A. can‘t B. must not C. won‘t D. may not分析：在例13中，might just as well表示―最好……，还是……为好‖，说明喜欢的可能性不大，故用may not。例14，根据后面的I‘m sure可以看出，推测的语气较强，故用can‘t译为―根本不可能‖、―想必不会‖，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩，常用于否定语气较强时。答案分别为C、A。
对现在或客观事实的疑问推测，往往用can或could，而不用may/might。
例15：Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？(2001上海春) A. can B. should C. may D. must
分析：对现在或客观事实的疑问推测，往往用can或could，表示惊异、怀疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。答案为A。
2、对过去事实的推测
对过去已发生事情的肯定推测常用 ―must/may/might +have + v-ed‖，―must+ have + v-ed‖意思为―想必、准是、一定是‖，语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句，―may/might+ have + v-ed‖ 意思为―也许、或许‖表示推测的把握不大，只能用于肯定或否定句，不用于疑问句；对过去的否定推测常用 ―can/could /may‘might not + have + v-ed‖，意思为―不可能/可能没做过……‖；对过去的疑问推测只用―can/could + have + v-ed‖，意思为―可能已经……‖。
例16：He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn‘t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)A. should B. must C. wouldn‘t D. can‘t
分析：根据后一分句判断，前一分句应该表示肯定完成了工作，故用―must+ have + v-ed‖意思为―想必、准是、一定是‖，语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句。答案为B。
例17：My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.(2000上海) A. couldn‘t have attendedB. needn‘t have attended C. mustn‘t have attended D. shouldn‘t have attended
分析：must表推测时，不用于否定，needn‘t have +v-ed 表示―本来没有必要‖，shouldn‘t have +v-ed表示―本来不应该‖，―can/could not + have + v-ed‖ 意思为―不可能做过……‖。故答案为A。 例18：--Do you know where David is? I couldn‘t find him anywhere.-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat‘s still here.(2005湖北)A. shouldn‘t B. mustn‘t C. can‘t D. wouldn‘t分析：can‘t have gone far 在此表示现在对过去所发生事情的否定推测，意思为―现在不可能走远了‖；答案为C。 （三）、考查情态动词的虚拟用法
例19：—I‘ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.--You________ her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 分析：对过去发生事情的责备或遗憾应用―情态动词+have + v-ed‖，据此可排除答案A、C，而would+have +v-ed常用于过去的虚拟语气中，should(ought to)+ have + v-ed‖表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做，含有责备的含义。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。故答案为D。 例20：He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山东)
A. could B. would C. must D. need分析：―could+ have + v-ed‖ 用于肯定句中，表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味，侧重有能力而没能做成。该句意思为：―他花钱买了座位，而他本来可以免费进去的‖。答案为A。
例21：You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.A. must B. may C. will D. might分析：前一分句的should not have swum表示责备，后一分句则表明有被鱼吃掉的可能性。―might+ have + v-ed‖ 用于肯定句中，表示本来有可能做成某事但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味，侧重有某种可能性但没能做成。
例22：—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)
A. needn‘t do B. needn‘t have done C. mustn‘t do D. shouldn‘t have done
分析：―needn‘t+ have + v-ed‖ 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事，无批评责备之意，只是惋惜而已。如You needn‘t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。答案为B。 （四）备考建议
1、掌握情态动词的基本词义及其用法是把握情态动词的关键，同时要认真比较每个情态动词的用法，注意其细微差别，如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差异；熟悉每个情态动词的适用场合，根据语境及说话人的语气选择恰当的情态动词，如用于推测时，must只用于肯定句中，can一般不能用于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑问句中；牢记情态动词表示推测的用法，尤其是对过去发生情况的推测；积累虚拟语气的用法，尤其是一些句势和特殊情况。
2、06年展望 随着高考命题改革的深入，命题的角度和思路都在翻新，但不管怎样变化，还是脱离不了词的基本词义、词与词在使用上的细微差别和基本的语法框架。通过对近几年高考情态动词考点的分析、探究，可以看出高考对情态动词的考查非常稳定，即情态动词的基本用法和推测用法。高考考点的 ―稳定性‖告诉我们：高考英语命题是有规律的，不仅有规律，而且有很强的规律性。在复习迎考过程中，不仅要认真准备书本上成百上千的知识点(这是基础)，但更重要的还要去研究历届高考试题中的重要考点(这是捷径)，提高复习效率。 七、高考常考点
情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，下面是近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。 （一）情态动词表推测
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为―肯定‖、―准是‖、―想必是‖；should的语气次之，译为―很可能‖、―应该‖，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为―也许‖、―可能‖。 ①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn't quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）A. shall B. must C. may D. can ②—I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry's. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷）
A. has to beB. will beC. mustn't beD. could be ③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
A. must dropB. must have droppedC. must be droppingD. must have been dropped ④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）A. would B. couldC. had to D. ought to2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为―可能不‖、―也许不‖。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）A. mustB. shall C. mayD. need
2）否定语气较强时，则用can't，译为―根本不可能‖、―想必不会‖，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。①—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat's still here.（2005年湖北卷）A. shouldn't B. mustn'tC. can'tD. wouldn't②— Isn't that Ann's husband over there?
— No, it _______ be him I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses. （2004年全国卷Ⅰ）A. can't B. must notC. won't D. may not3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷） A. can B. shouldC. may D. must
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用―must, may, might等+完成式‖；否定推测常用―can, could, may, might等+完成式‖。①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have done②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷） A. shouldB. mustC. wouldn'tD. can't③—Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today?—Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
A. must happen B. should have happenedC. could have happened D. must have happened④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____ have attended your lecture.
（2000年上海卷） A. couldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't （二）“情态动词+完成式”
1. ―should（ought to）+完成式‖表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。①—I'll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You________ her last week. （2004年福建卷）
A. ought to tellB. would have toldC. must tellD. should have told②Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）A. shouldn't eatB. mustn't have eatenC. shouldn't have eaten D. mustn't eat 2. ―could+完成式‖表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山东卷）A. could B. wouldC. must D. need
3. ―needn't+不定式的完成式‖表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn't do B. needn't have done C. mustn't doD. shouldn't have done （三）常见的情态动词的其他用法
1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。①―The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，‖ declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷）A. may B. should C. must D. shall②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
— You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）A. shan'tB. might not C. needn'tD. shouldn't③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
— Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）A. Will B. ShallC. Would D. Do
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为―偏偏，偏要‖；mustn't表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷Ⅲ）A. Must B. Can C. MayD. Need②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！（2005年全国Ⅰ）A. wouldn't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not 3. needn't表示―没有必要‖。
— Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.
— She ______. I've already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can'tB. mustn'tC. needn't D. shouldn't 4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）A. wouldB. should C. had betterD. might
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全国卷）A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况①—Write to me when you get home.
— _______. （2001年北京春季卷）A. I must B. I should C. I willD. I can② — Could I call you by your first name？
—Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）A. willB. couldC. may D. might 八、往年高考真题 1.（2011辽宁卷）If you __ go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. canB. may C. must D. will 2.（2011北京卷）—Where are the children? The dinner‘s going to be completely ruined. —I wish they ________always late.
A. weren‘t B. hadn‘t beenC. wouldn‘t be D. wouldn‘t have been 3.（2011北京卷）—I don‘t really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don‘t worry. He_____come. He said he wasn‘t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
4.（2011江西卷）The postman _______ be at the door. It‘s only six o‘clock. A. mustn‘tB.can‘tC.won‘tD.needn‘t
5.（2011四川卷）The police still have not found the lost child, but they‘re doing what they______. A.can B.may C.must D.should
6.（2011全国II）If you______smoke, please go outside.A. can B. shouldC. mustD. may 7.（2011陕西—Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
--OK. You________ have one, if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall 8.（2011陕西卷）I__________ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldn‘t have gone B. didn‘t go C. wouldn‘t go D. hadn‘t gone
9.（2011湖南卷）-----No noe ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. ------Oh, you are really his big fan. A .can B. needC. must D.might 10.（2011福建卷------Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? -----I am afraid you _____, in case he comes late for the meeting . A.will B.must C.mayD.can
11.（2011江苏卷---I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. ---How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolenC. should have stolenD. must have stolen 12.（2011全国新课标卷）They _____have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should 13.（2011浙江卷）－How's your new babysitter?
－We____ ask for a better one ,All our kids love her so much. A. should B. mightC. mustn'tD. couldn't 14.（2011·重庆卷）——Why didn‘t you come to Simon‘s party last night? —— I want to, but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. mightC. would D. should 15.（2011·福建卷）——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution。 ——I______it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended B.had attendedC.would attend D.would have attended
16.（09安徽）Some people who don‘t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they____ just be quiet people.A. must B. may C. should D. would
17.（09北京）One of the few things you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. needB. mustC. should D. can
18（09福建）.But for the help of my English teacher, I _____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won 19.（09湖南）— It‘s the office! So you_______ know eating is not allowed here. — Oh, sorry.A. must B. will C. may D. need
20.（09海南）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There ______ be twelve A. should B. would C. will D. shall
21.（09上海）It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should 22.（09四川）—I don‘t care what people think.
—Well, you _______A. could B. wouldC. should D. might