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高中英语说明文阅读

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篇一:高一英语阅读理解专项练习:说明文类

说明文类

(I) ★

Water goes around and around Earth in a never ending journey called the water cycle(循环). The sun heats up lakes, oceans, and other wet places on Earth. When the water gets warm enough, it changes into vapour. Plants also give off lots of water vapour. Some of this water vapour cools off high in the sky and becomes clouds. Then it falls back to Earth in a new place as rain or snow. This cycle happens over and over again.

The ground can absorb water like a sponge (海绵). If you could see this groundwater, it wouldn?t look like a lake or river. The groundwater is mixed in with the rocks and sand that lie in layers(层) below Earth?s surface.

Groundwater moves along slowly. How slowly? Maybe 1.5 kilometres in one century. Some of this water has been underground for thousands of years. And once groundwater is pumped out of the ground from a deep well(井) by people, it may take hundreds of years for another water to take its place.

35.In which order does water go around Earth?

a .Fall down as rain or snow.

b. Heated up by the sun on lakes, oceans and other wet places.

c. Cool off high in the sky.

d. Form clouds.

e. Change into vapour.

A. dacbe B. becda C. caebd D. bceda

36. The groundwater seems to________.

A. be just on the ground B. be pure water like that in a lake or river

C. exist in rocks and sand D. flow along like rivers or streams

37. The underlined word “pumped” in the passage can be replaced by________.

A. run B. pushed

C. drawn D. picked

38. What conclusion(结论) can we draw from the passage?

A. Groundwater can be quickly replaced by other water once pumped out.

B. Groundwater is very valuable.

C. Groundwater has nothing to do with human beings.

D. Groundwater travel in an unknown way.

1-4 BCCB

(II) ★★★

Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite.Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving.Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.

Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to US through satellites.Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.

We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another.They are usually 35,880 kilometers above the equator.Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates.A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线)facing the earth.Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit,So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position.This usually happens about every five or six days.

Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth.A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years.Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired.Often,very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time.This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.

1.Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?

A.Sending information for weather forecast.

B.Taking photographs of the Earth.

C.Sending TV pictures.

D.Providing food for airplane pilots.

2.What?s the speed the earth rotates at?

A.35,880 kilometers per hour. B.335,880 kilometers per hour.

C.11,000 kilometers per hour. D.110,000 kilometers per hour

3.Why does the satellite move around the world at the same speed as the Earth

rotates?

A.In order to take photographs.

B.In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit.

C.In order to move away from its orbit.

D.In order to send television pictures.

4.What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?

A.A satellite.B.A little rocket.

C.A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.

D.The satellite puts the rockets in the right position.

5.Which is true of satellites?

A.A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years.

B.Every time a satellite gets broken,it is brought back to the Earth to be

repaired.

C.A broken satellite is never left in space.

D.They often crash into each other.

1-5 DCBCA

(III) ★★★

Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer, saying studies showed a clear link. “Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake (吸入,摄入), through diet or a vitamin supplement,” Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.

Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. “There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer,” he said, urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify (增强) foods with vitamin D. Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units(IU)a serving. “People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day” Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.

The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.

“African Americans, who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake,” the authors said.

1.According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D, because__.

A. it is nutritious B. it can?t harm people?s health

C. it can lower cancer risk D. it is not taken enough every day

2.Which of the following can not help people get more Vitamin D?

A. Have some sunshineB. Have more meat

C. Have more fortified cheese D. Have a vitamin supplement

3.Who can Garland probably be?

A. A health researcher B. A doctor

C. A scientist D. A public health official

4.Which of the following food can lower people?s chance of getting cancer?

A. Milk B. Fortified orange juice

C. Fortified yogurt D. All of the above

5.People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage?

A. Asian peopleB. African people

C. American peopleD. European people

1—5 CBADB

(IV) ★★★

Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.

Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns(角) had not yet developed. A century later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job.

Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from early nineteen hundreds. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died. The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.

Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling, jealousy(嫉妒). The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay rise and he does not.

1. A greenhorn now refers to ____. A. a person who is new in a job

C. a young horse

B. a new solider D. a cow without horns B. whose thumbs are of green color 2. A person who has a green thumb is a person ____. A. who is good at growing plants

C. whose garden is greener than others’ D. who is younger than his neighbors

3. The author is actually talking about ____. A. colorsB. languageC. politicsD. agriculture

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. In about the 16th century, a greenhorn meant an experienced soldier.

B. The Green Revolution may have some connection with green thumbs.

C. The green-eyed monster was probably created by William Shakespeare.

D. The green-eyed monster can be used to describe a person who is jealous.

1-4 AABA

(V) ★★★

People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements(违反;侵犯)of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

1. A “developmental" disability ______.

A. develops very slowly over time

B. is caused by forces

C. occurs in youth and affects development

D. is getting more and more severe

2.Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functions

B. they were not very well looked after

C. medical techniques were not available

D. they were too poor to get proper treatment

3. In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful

place in society, ______.

篇二:2015年高考英语真题分类汇编:专题16 阅读理解之科普类说明文 Word版含解析

专题十六 阅读理解之科普类说明文

1.【2015·湖北卷】D

The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.

First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled (芭蕾)dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”

On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的)cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.

Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.

Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.

63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?

A. Deciding on a proper sleep position

B. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag

C. Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly

D. Finding a right time to go to sleep.

64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.

A. the y circle around on their bikes

B. they use microcomputers without a stop

C. they exercise in one place for a long time

D. they watch a movie while pedaling

65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.

A. their senses stop working

B. they have to stand up straight

C. they float out of their seats unexpectedly

D. whether they are able to go back to the station

66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.

A. how much exercise they do on the station

B. how they can remain healthy for long in space

C. whether they can recover after returning home

D. whether they are able to go back to the station

【解析】

试题分析:这是一篇说明文。本文通过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙:在太空睡觉时,对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势;宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛;宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修养期和如何在太空长久地保持健康。

63.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges.”可知在太空睡觉时,对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势。故选A项。

64. C细节理解题。根据第三段中“But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. …You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache”可知宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛。故选C项。

65. D细节理解题。根据第四段中“Your inner ear thinks you’re fa

高中英语说明文阅读

iling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying-that’s why some people feel sick.”可知宇航员在大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。故选D项。

66.B细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第一、二句“The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy…NASA is worried about two things :… and, more importantly, how maintain strength and fitness…”可知美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心之一是如何在太空长久地保持健康。故选B项。

【考点定位】说明文阅读

【名师点睛】科普类说明文历来是高考阅读理解命题的重点,文章逻辑性强,条理清楚,主要考查学生对语篇的整体把握和领悟能力以及对特定细节的认读和处理能力。考生应注意:1.平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。2.熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(高考题中一般不给出标题)、导语、背景、主体和结尾五部分构成。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这部分是命题的重点,考生应该重点把握。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。3. 在进行推理判断时,考生一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。

2.【2015·北京卷】C

Life in the Clear

Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”

And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It’s trickier than you might think.

The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.

But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it ----you see the things behind it.

To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering. Animals are built of many different materials----skin, fat, and more----and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see—through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it .

Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.

63. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.

A. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged

C. appear only in deep oceanD. are beautiful creatures

篇三:【十年高考】2006-2015年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编:说明文阅读

2006-2015年全国各地10年高考英语试题分类汇编:

说明文阅读

Passage 5

(06·广东B卷)

The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival

is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can from a different kind of poverty—of the spirit. 37, one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides (自杀)every year by children under 15, and one child38five needs psychiatric(心理)advice.

There are many good things about in the Third World. Take the close and

constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example.In the West,the very nature of work puts distance between and children.But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. ,the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working and often shares in that work.

A child in this way learns his or her role through joining in the

community's :helping to dig or build,look after animals or babies--rather thanplaying with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets playing with dolls.

These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than

the children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, , are provided with a watch as one of the signs of growing up, so that they canalong with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows?

Third World children do not usually to stay indoors, still less in highrise

apartments(公寓).Instead of dangerous roads,"keep off the grass" signs and "don't speak to strangers",there is often a sense of to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them from ten floors up.

, twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and

disease.But childhood in the Third World is not all 36. A. comeB. learnC. suffer D. survive

37. A. As usual B. For instanceC. In factD. In other words

38. A. byB. in C. to D. under

39. A. childhoodB. povertyC. spirit D. survival

40. A. adultsB. fathers C. neighbours D. relatives

41. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still

42. A. away B. alone C. alongD. nearby

43. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working

44. A. activity B. life C. studyD. work

45. A. byB. fromC. through D. with

46. A. and B. but C. orD. so

47. A. Eastern B. goodC. poorD. Western

48. A. at any moment B. at the same timeC. on the other hand D. on the whole

49. A. easiestB. earliest C. happiestD. quickest

50. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry

51. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require

52. A. controlB. danger C. disappointmentD. freedom

53. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatientlyD. proudly

54. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What's more

55. A. badB. goodC. richD. poor

答案 36.C 37.B 38.B 39.A 40.A 41.C 42.D 43.A 44.D 45.C 46.C 47.D

48.C 49.B 50.A 51.C 52.D 53.A 54.C 55.A

Passage 6

(06·安徽)

Have you ever had to decide whether to go shopping or stay home and watch TV on a weekend? Now you do both at the same time. Home shopping television networks(网络) have become a for many people to shop without having to leave their homes.

Some shoppers are of department stores and supermarkets— the crowds, waiting in long lines, and sometimesof finding anything they want to buy. They‘d rather sit quietly at home in front of the TV set anda friendly announcer describe a producta model shows it. And they can around the clock, buying something by making a phone call.

Department stores and even mail-under companies are to join in the success of home shopping. Large department stores are busy their own TV channels(频道)to encourage TV shopping in the future. can ask questions about products and place, all through their TV sets.

Will shopping by television take the place of shopping in stores? Some industry managers think so. many people find shopping at astore a great enjoyment. And for many shoppers, it is still important toor try on dresses they want to buy. That‘sspecialists say that in the future, home shopping will together with store shopping but will never entirely replace(取代) it.

36.A. must B. should C. shallD. can

37.A. programmeB. way C. reasonD. purpose

38.A. ever B. never C. stillD. once

39.A. proud B. fond C. tiredD. careful

40.A. fightingB. strikingC. treating D. stopping

41.A. sense B. doubt C. hopeD. feeling

42.A. see B. watch C. letD. notice

43.A. until B. since C. if D. while

44.A. shop B. wait C. turnD. deliver

45.A. suitablyB. cheaplyC. simplyD. hardly

46.A. nervousB. lucky C. equalD. eager

47.A. putting up

48.A. Guests

49.A. orders

50.A. lastly

51.A. Then

52.A. general

53.A. design

54.A. how

55.A. exist B. making up B. Assistants B. goods B. finally B. Yet B. popular B. make B. why B. practise C. setting up C. Managers C. books C. especially C. However C. real C. wear C. what D. follow D. looking up D. Customers D. answers D. fortunately D. Therefore D. true D. touch D. when D. appear

答案 36.D 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.A 41.C 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.C 46.D 47.C

48.D 49.A 50.B 51.B 52.C 53.D 54.B 55.A

Passage 4

(07·安徽)

It was the night of the full moon, a time which always drives Java' s young people mad with excitement.

Fireworks were lit long before the moon The big noise brought people outthe warm night to enjoy the interesting scene. Everywhere, there were the paper remains offireworks lying on the ground. Little boys more and covered their ears as they waited _for the explosions.

The moon appeared above the horizon(地平线) : huge, ball high above the city, and theNight of the Full Moon' , a festival(节日) that is especially popularyoung people.

More and more young Javanese together and walked slowly through the the city. They continued to climbthey reached the old temple( 寺庙 ) at the of the mountain.

After they were the temple, they drank their water and ate their moon-cakes -- delicious home-made ones, of dried fruit and nuts. Outside, on the mountain, young peoplecross-legged in circles, chatting and telling each other jokes. And , in their hundreds, more young people continued to make their way up the mountain to the brightly shining moon.

By midnight, the fireworks had stopped shooting up from the city in the valley below them. But during the night, the sound continued to be heard from the distance.

36. A. let out B. gave out C. came out D. set out

37. A. into B. at C. of D. from

38. A. burning B. used C. exploding D. broken

39. A. lit B. bought C. piled D. removed

40. A. patiently B. calmly C. worriedly D. excitedly

41. A. silver B. new C. colorful D. gold

42. A. mountains B. valleys C. streets D. shops

43. A. games B. meetings C. sports D. events

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