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英文论文写作句型

时间:2017-04-13 来源:东星资源网 本文已影响 手机版

篇一:英文论文写作句型总结1

1.

This paper is organized as follows. Section II presents a

theorem that establishes sufficient conditions for a control law to be safe. In Section III, for each control law, the desired velocity profiles for the platoon leader are derived. Section IV

describes the velocity profile tracking controller design. Simulation results are presented in Section V. The proof of the

theorem of Section II is contained in the Appendix.

篇二:英文学术论文常用高级词汇和精美句型(第一版)

英文学术论文常用高级词汇和精美句型

1.与时间相关的

① no change on 1-day intervals for 3 consecutive days

② at given intervals of time (30, 50, and 90 min)

③ for a given exposure time

④ …increased with age.

⑤ for different time span.

⑥ After the scheduled time, each sample was tested.

⑦ …throughout the entire test period.

⑧ It will decrease as time passes.

2. 表示增加或下降的

① An increase in the FA content decreased the…

② …decrease with increase in…

③ …deceases as …increases, and increases as… increase.

④ As …is lowered.

⑤ augment

⑥ The cumulative AE energy increases with a stepwise pattern in which each sudden jump of energy can be related to …

⑦ …develop at an increasing rate with time

3. 表示原因, 由哪些因素决定

① probably due to…

② A possible mechanism contributing to the reduction of …is

③ This might be attributed to…

④ …depends on the two main mechanisms

⑤ …is a common cause of

⑥ …is the essential parameter governing the…

⑦ …, contributing in part to the interface separation phenomenon, besides the above-described possible interfacial material toughening mechanism.

⑧ the cause of this resides in …

⑨ Two parameters are considered in this study to evaluate the strengthening effectiveness with regard to the amount of FRP (i.e., the number of layers of sheets) and construction imperfections.

4. 表示展示。

① exhibit

② illustrate

③ present

④ reflect

⑤ depict

⑥ …is plot in…

⑦ describe

5. 表示某种掺量。

① high volume fly ash

② contain high percentages of fly ash as a replacement of cement (0,15,30 by weight of total cementitious materials) ③ for concrete incorporating 30% and 40% fly ash.

④ …increase the amount of fly ash in concrete

⑤ as partial cement replacement materials

⑥ with partial fly ash substitution are incestigated.

⑦ the dosage of fly ash

⑧ with a certain amount of fly ash added

6. 性能的词汇

① mechanical property

② transport property

③ workability

④ flexibility

⑤ sustainability

⑥ serviceability

7. 表示测试

① examine

8. 表示超过

① exceed

9. 有关图(原文来自:wWW.DxF5.com 东 星资源网:英文论文写作句型)片或表格的

① As seen from Table 2,

② The result of…are presented in Table 4.

③ A was plotted against square root of time (t0.5 in min0.5)

④ …was monitored with the SC3000 which was positioned, as seen in Fig.2a.

⑤ Sketch of the experimental setup

⑥ △T is plotted as absolute value against the impact energy in Fig.9

⑦ Fig.5(c) and (d) shows the load versus strain and midspan deflection versus strain curves of the concrete.

10. 至于,对于…而言

① As for

② In the case of…

11. 表示比较,对比

① The mixture containing 10% FA replacement showed higher strength than mixtures containing 40% and 70% FA replacement.

② As compared to…

③ A…is higher than when it substitutes…

④ in contrast to…

⑤ Existing damages may lead to catastrophic failures at loading stages earlier than those corresponding to intact specimens.

⑥ …is comparable to or greater than these values are theoretically detectable.

⑦ The test results were compared with the axial stress-strain behavior of water saturated specimen to that of dry specimens.

⑧ a tremendous amount of AE activities, much greater than that of CB, was recorded because…

12. 表示效果更明显

① The effect was more pronounced with increased…

② dominant

③ have determinant impact on…

13. 表示结构或材料致密

① matrix densification

② pore structure densification

③ the pore system becomes finer and less connected

14. 影响

① Increases in FA contents showed no significant effect on…

② …seemed to be insensitive to…

③ become decisive for the durability of the concrete

④ The durability of concrete structures has substantial economic, social, and environmental implications. ⑤ Deicers may also pose detrimental effects on

15. 因此

① Consequently,

② As a result,

16. 表示评价,评估

① quantify

② evaluate

③ assess

④ interpret

17. 学科术语

(阻抗谱)

① impedance response

② EIS spetra

③ electrode arcs in a Nyquist plot (plot of real vs. imaginary impedance)

④ Rct1 extracted from the model captures the changes in microstructure with time.

(孔特征)

① pore structure distribution

② total porosity

③ pore structure

④ pore network

⑤ pore walls

⑥ tortuous pathways

(掺合料)

① fly ash

② slag

③ silica fume

④ supplementary cementing materials

⑤ mineral additives

⑥ low-and high-calcium fly ash

(测试方法)

① SEM:Scanning electron micrograph

② pigmentation

③ X-ray diffraction analysis

④ microscopy observation\

⑤ ultrasonic speed measurement

⑥ acoustic emission technique

⑦ accelerated ageing test

(土建工程)

① civil infrastructures

② wide use in Civil Engineering

③ historical heritage

④ masoy structures

⑤ concrete structures, pavements, and bridge decks

(测试仪器)

① vibrated for 30 sec on a vibration table

② testing machine with maximum load capacity of 50kN.

③ the hammer is hemispherical 24mm in diameter

(测试试剂)

① coupling agent between the sensor and the concrete surface

(操作工艺)

① The molds were stripped after 24 hours

② Each measure was performed on five samples and the results averaged.

③ Aggregates were carefully sieved and remixed to conform to the ASTMC33 grading standard. ④ reference specimens

篇三:英文论文写作参考句型

参考句型

Since this entrainer–water azeotrope is heterogeneous, the top column vapor stream forms two liquid phases after condensation in the decanter. The organic phase is refluxed back to the heterogeneous azeotropic column to provide enough entrainer inside of the column. The aqueous phase containing mostly water is assumed to be drawn out from the system for further treatment or discharge.

The main reason for iso-butyl acetate as the favorable entrainer can be explained by the residue curve maps and the LLE of this ternary systemin Fig. 2. It was explained in the paper by Chien et al. (2004), the azeotropic composition of iso-butyl acetate is favorable because this mixture contains more water. This means that this entrainer is more capable of carrying water to the top of the column, thus less entrainer is needed inside of the column. The distance in Fig. 2 for the points between azeotropic composition and organic phase composition is also better to be further apart. This means that besides the azeotropic composition containing more water, the organic phase composition contains more entrainer. The locations of these two points have to do with the estimating of the organic reflux flow rate into the heterogeneous column by the inner material balance envelope in Fig. 1. Less organic reflux flow rate is needed when these two points are further apart as in the case of iso-butyl acetate. Another factor which favors iso-butyl acetate to be a suitable entrainer is the aqueous phase composition. The aqueous phase should contain as little entrainer as possible. The reason is because the aqueous phase stream will be drawn out of the system, thus any entrainer loss should be compensated by the makeup stream as in Fig. 1. This will contribute to an entrainer cost in the TAC calculations. The makeup flow rate can actually be estimated using the outer material balance envelope in Fig. 1.

The vapor and liquid profiles inside the column for the optimized iso-butyl acetate system can be seen in Fig. 3. Notice that the column behaves as what was designed with the bottom product approaching pure acetic acid corner and the top vapor approaching the azeotropic composition. The first five stages counting from the top of the column have two liquid phases. The combined liquid compositions for these five stages were plotted in this figure. Another thing worth mention in the figure is that the column composition profiles bypassing the corner of pure water which is the region for the tangent pinch to be avoided.

With this operation mode, the mixture is separated by distillation to recover all the heteroazeotrope in the decanter, which then, after the distillation, is split into its two immiscible phases: the entrainer-lean phase(aqueous phase) and the entrainer-rich phase(organic phase).

With this operation model, the mixture is separated by distillation to obtain some of the heteroazeotrope in the decanter and the liquid-liquid split takes place during distillation with withdrawal or accumulation of the entrainer-lean phase and reflux of all or part of the entrainer-rich phase.

Economic and environmental reasons have led to process intensifications in the process industries. Reactive distillation is the most prominent example. However, often it is a challenge to satisfy the requirement for sufficient catalyst volume for the reaction while providing the interfacial area needed for mass transfer. The combination of a reactive distillation column with a pre-reactor is a valuable alternative. This paper presents an approach to identify promising designs for such flowsheets and the optimum distribution of the reaction extent between the pre-reactor and the reactive distillation column. The methodology uses a boundary value method (BVM) for the design of the column; chemical equilibrium is assumed. The column usually consists of a reactive “core”, two rectifying sections, and one stripping section. The methodology will be demonstrated for the production of ethyl-tert-butyl-ether (ETBE).

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