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新托福词汇分类突破

时间:2017-04-12 来源:东星资源网 本文已影响 手机版

篇一:新托福词汇分类突破 (1)

托福专题分类(TOEFL TOPIC categories)

BASIC CATEGORY

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? Arts Life Science Physical Science Social Science

Arts

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? Architecture Industrial design/art City planning Crafts: weaving, knitting, fabrics, furniture, carving, mosaics, ceramics, etc; folk and tribal art Cave/rock art Music and music history Photography Literature and authors Books, newspapers, magazines, journals

Life science

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? Extinction of or conservation efforts for animals and plants Fish and other aquatic organisms Bacteria and other one-celled organisms Viruses Medical techniques Public health Physiology of sensory organs Biochemistry Animal behavior, e.g., migration, food foraging, defensive behavior Habitats and the adaptation of animals and plants to them Nutrition and its impact on the body Animal communication

Physical science

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? Weather and atmosphere Oceanography Glaciers, glacial landforms, ice ages Deserts and other extreme environments Pollution, alternative energy, environmental policy Other planets’ atmospheres

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新托福词汇分类突破

? Astronomy and cosmology Properties of light, optics Properties of sound Electromagnetic radiation Particle physics Technology of TV, radio, radar Math Chemistry of inorganic things Computer science Seismology (plate structure, earthquakes, tectonics, continental drift, structure of

volcanoes)

Social science

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? Anthropology of non-industrialized civilizations Early writing systems Historical linguistics Business, management TV/radio as mass communication Social behavior of groups, community dynamics, communal behavior Child development Education Modern history (including the history of urbanization and industrialization and

their economic and social effects)

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Basic building materials include: mud, stone, marble, brick, tile, steel, and cement concrete. Masoy walls are built with stones or bricks, cohered through the use of mortar, first composed of lime and sand. The profusion of aluminum and its anodized coatings provided cladding material that was lightweight and virtually

maintenance free. Glass was known in prehistory and is celebrated for its contributions to Gothic architecture.

o Timber n. 木材?

o marble n. 大理石

o tile n. 饰面砖,瓷砖

o cement concrete n. 水泥混凝土

o masoy wall n. 砖墙,砖瓦墙

o cohere v. 粘合

o mortar n. 砂浆,灰浆

o lime n. 石灰

o profusion n. 大量(a profusion of:大量的)

o aluminum n. 铝

o anodized coating n. 电镀层,电镀膜(anodize v.阳极氧化: 用电解方式给(金属面)o

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o 镀上一层保护性或装饰性的氧化物) cladding n. 覆层:在高温高压下结合到另一金属上的金属外层 celebrated adj. 著名的 Gothic adj. 哥特式的 architecture n. 建筑, 建筑学

002

Two basic approaches of spanning over masoy walls are post-and-lintel

construction and arch, vault, and dome construction.

o span v. (桥,拱等)横跨

o post-and-lintel n. 连梁柱

o vault n.拱顶,地下室

o dome n. 圆屋顶穹窿,圆盖,苍穹,半球形物,大厦

003

The Chicago architect Louis Sullivan’s career converges with the so-called Chicago School of architects, whose challenge was to invent the skyscraper or high-rise

building, facilitated by the introduction of the electric elevator and the abundance of steel. The building’s skeleton could be erected quickly and the remaining

components hung on it to complete it, an immense advantage for high-rise buildings on busy city streets.

o architect n. 建筑师

o converge v. 聚合于,集中于一点

o school n. 学派

o skyscraper n. 摩天大楼

o facilitate v. 提供便利

o electric elevator n. 电梯

o abundance n. 充裕

o skeleton n. 框架结构,整体框架

o erect v. 树立,建立

o component n. 零件,构件

o immense adj. 极大的

004

Interior design of apartments and houses, that is, dwellings, usually involves both practical and aesthetic decisions. Choices have to be made for almost every elements, ceilings and lamps, curtains and blinds, corridor and doorway, niches and

ledges, grate and ventilations, terraces and staircases, even sewers or drainers.

Sometimes such designs are extended to the fa?ade of the building, and even to a fountain, or a gardening yard.

o interior design n. 室内设计

o dwelling n. 住处,居住空间

o involve v. 包括

o aesthetic adj. 美学的

o ceiling n. 天花板

o curtain n. 窗帘

o blind n. 窗帘(尤指固定在卷轴上能够拉下来的布质窗帘)

o corridor n. 走廊

o doorway n. 门口

o niche n. 壁橱

o ledge n. 壁架

o grate n. 壁炉

o ventilation n. 通风设备

o terrace n. 阳台

o staircase n. 楼梯

o sewer n. 排水沟

o drainer n. 下水道装置, 滤水器

o fa?ade n. (建筑物的)外立面,尤指正面

o fountain n. 喷泉

o yard n. 庭院

005

The lease is a contract of rent under which one party, called landlord or lessor,

grants possession and use of the property for a limited term to the other party, who is called tenant or lessee.

o lease n. 租约

o rent n. 租金

o landlord n. 房东

o lessor n. 出租人

o grant v. 授与(权利); 让与(财产)

o possession n. 占有,拥有

o property n. 财产,所有物

o tenant n. 房客

o lessee n. 承租人

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A big city, or metropolis, is often accompanied by suburbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban sprawl, creating large amounts of business commuters. Once a city sprawls far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis.

o metropolis n. 大城市

o suburb n. 城郊(缩写:sub)

o be associated with v. 与…相关

o metropolitan adj. 大城市的

o urban adj. 城市的

o sprawl n. (城市的)无计划扩展

o commuter n. 通勤者(定期从一地到另一地旅行的人,如从郊区到城市并回来) o deem v. 视为

o conurbation n. (连带卫星城镇和市郊的)大都市

o megalopolis n. 特大城市

007

Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes, either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease, which includes human and animal feces, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), etc. Hygienic means of prevention can be practiced by using

simple technologies (e. g. latrines, septic tanks), or by personal hygiene practices.

o sanitation n. 公共卫生

o hygienic adj. 卫生学的(hygiene卫生学)

o microbiological adj. 微生物学的

o agent n. 媒介

o feces n. 粪便

o domestic adj. 家庭的

o sewage n. 污水

o sullage n. (房屋,街道等排出的)污物

o greywater n. 生活污水

o latrine n. 公共厕所

o septic tank n. 化粪池

o personal hygiene practice v. 个人卫生习惯

008

A public utility (usually just utility) is a company that maintains and provides the infrastructure for a public service. Although utilities can be privately owned or publicly owned, they often involve natural monopolies.

o public utility n. 公用事业

o infrastructure n. 基础设施

篇二:新托福ibt词汇分类突破pdf文本及MP3下载

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新托福ibt词汇分类突破pdf文本及MP3下载

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在《新托福iBT词汇分类突破》的模式中,砖头(词汇)、钢筋(分类)、水泥(逻辑、意群)一应俱全,英语学习的“房屋”才能得以建成。很多学生往往在一个月内就可以基本掌握两千左右的核心词汇,并且掌握了词汇与词汇、概念与概念之间的联系,了解词汇在不同语境中、概念在不同领域中的区别。

192段主题阅读,轻松记忆!

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精确的筛选而不是盲目收录,减少了很多“其实并不常用、并不常考的词义”。书中每篇文章都请外教通篇朗读。因为背单词的一个重要技巧就在于“尽量动用一切感官”——用眼睛看,用手写,用嘴说,用耳朵听……只有这样,大脑才可以真正活跃起来,精力才可能真正集中,效率才会真正提高。

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新托福ibt词汇分类突破目录:

前言

如何使用这本书

正文(UNITO01-UNIT192)

WORD LIST

附录一

附录二

附录三

附录四

相关字搜索: 新托福ibt词汇分类突破pdf文本及MP3下载

篇三:新托福词汇分类突破_整理版

新托福iBT词汇分类突破 李笑来

o masoy wall [?????????] [????]n. 砖墙,砖瓦墙

o cohere [???????] v. 粘合

o mortar [??????] n. 砂浆,灰浆

o profusion [???????????] n. 大量(a profusion of: 大量的)

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o anodized coating [????????] [???????]n. 电镀层,电镀膜(anodize v.阳极氧化: 用电解方式给(金属面)镀上一层保护性或装饰性的氧化物)

o cladding [???????] n. 覆层:在高温高压下结合到另一金属上的金属外层

o Gothic [??????] adj. 哥特式的

o architecture [???????????] n. 建筑, 建筑学

o span [????] v. (桥,拱等)横跨

o post-and-lintel [?????] [???] [??????] n. 抬梁式(在立柱上架梁,梁上又抬梁, 在宫殿、庙宇、寺院等大型建筑中普遍采用),框架(结构)

o vault [?????] n. 拱(不连柱的)

o skyscraper [????????????] n. 摩天大楼

o facilitate [???????????] v. 提供便利

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o sprawl [??????] n. (城市的)无计划扩展

o commuter [?????????] n. 通勤者(定期从一地到另一地旅行的人,如从郊区到城市并回来)

o deem [????] v. 视为

1 interior design [?????????] [???????]n. 室内设计 blind [??????] n. 窗帘(尤指固定在卷轴上能够拉下来的布质窗帘) niche [????] n. 壁橱 ledge [????] n. 壁架 grate [?????] n. 壁炉 terrace [??????] n. 阳台 fa?ade[???????] n. (建筑物的)外立面,尤指正面lease [????] n. 租约 lessor [??????] n. 出租人 tenant [???????] n. 房客 lessee [??????] n. 承租人

o conurbation [????????????] n. (连带卫星城镇和市郊的)大都市

o megalopolis [?????????????] n. 特大城市

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o hygienic [???????????] adj. 卫生学的(hygiene [?????????]卫生学)

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o agent [????????] n. 媒介

o feces [????????] n. 粪便

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o sullage [???????] n. (房屋,街道等排出的)污物

o greywater [??????????] n. 生活污水

o latrine [????????] n. 公共厕所

o septic tank [???????] [????]n. 化粪池

o personal hygiene practice [????????] [?????????] [????????]v. 个人卫生习惯

o infrastructure [???????????????] n. 基础设施

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pipeline [??????????] n. 管道, 输送管道 node [????] n. 中转站seaport [???????] n. 港口 code [????] n. 法规toll [????] n. 通行费 secure to [???????] [??]v. 固定在… crossbeam [?????????] n. 横梁 tie [???] n. 枕木 gauge [?????] n. 轨距 alignment [??????????] n. 直线排列 ballast [???????] n. 道碴 capital-intensive [????????] [?????????]adj. 资本密集型的 logistics [????????????] n. 物流 2

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o freight [?????] n. 货物

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3retailing [???????????] n. 零售 postal service [????????] [???????]n. 邮电业 liberalization [????????????????] n. 自由化 deregulation [????????????????] n. 撤销(价格,费用方面的)管制规privatization [????????????????] n. 私有化 infrastructure [???????????????] n. 基础设施 distribute [????????????] v. 分配 monopolistic [??????????????] adj. 垄断的 apprentice [?????????] n. 学徒 journeyman [??????????] n. 学徒期满的职工 guild [????] n. (中世纪的)行会bazaar [??????] n. 集市 clientele [???????????] n. 顾客fine [????] adj. (区别)微小的;细微的 interlace [??????????] v. 使交织 warp [????] n. 织物上纵的方向的纱或线 weft [????] n. 织物上横的方向的纱或线parallel [????????] adj. 平行的 treadle loom [??????][????] n. 脚踏织布机

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o plait [????] v. 打褶reed [????] n. 芦苇 cane [????] n. 藤条 rush [???] n. 灯心草 sisal [???????] n. 波罗麻:一种分布在墨西哥和中美洲的植物ash-wood [??] [????]adj. 梣木的 splint [??????] n. 薄木条 twist [?????] v. 捻hemp [????] n. 大麻纤维 ornamental [???????????] adj. 装饰性的 knotting [??????] n. 结形花边(流苏)linen [??????] n. 亚麻布 jute cord [????] [????]n. 黄麻绳 liner [??????] n. 衬里 stitch [?????] v. 缝合

Many useful objects can be fashioned from leather, using such special tools as leather shears, punches for carving thick leather, thonging chisels, and lacing needles.

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o fashion [??????] v. 制造 leather [?????] n. 皮革 shear [???] n. 剪刀 punch [?????] n. 打孔器 carve [????] v. 切割 thong [???] v. 给…装上皮带子 chisel [??????] n. 凿子 lace [????] v. 穿线 needle [??????] n. 针

Ceramic objects can be molded completely by hand or thrown on a potter's wheel. When the clay hardens, it is fired in a high-temperature oven, or kiln, to strengthen it. To make the object waterproof, glazes may then be applied and the piece fired again.

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ceramic [????????] adj. 陶器的 mold [?????]v. 塑造 throw [????] v. 在陶轮上形成 potter's wheel [?????] [????] n. 陶轮 clay [????] n. 粘土 oven [?????] n. 烤炉 kiln [????] n. 窑 4

o waterproof [???????????] adj. 防水的

o glaze [?????] n. 釉料

Such basic woodworking techniques as sawing, joining, and finishing can be employed to make a wide variety of useful and ornamental objects, from jewelry boxes to picture frames.

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o woodworking [???????????] adj. 木工的 sawing [??????] n. 锯 joining [????????] n. 拼接 finishing [????????] n. 抛光 ornamental [???????????] adj. 装饰性的 picture frame [???????] [?????]n. 相框

Carpenter tools include saws, planes, flat-edged chisels, semicircular gouge, boring tools such as brace, drills, and measuring tools such as steel rules, C-clamp, squaresand trisquare, etc.

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The tenon, a rectangular or square projection from the end of one member, fits snugly into the mortise cut in the second member, thus joining the two perpendicularly.

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o tenon [??????] n. 榫 projection [???????????] n. 凸出物 snugly [???????] adv. 紧紧地 mortise [???????] n. 榫眼 perpendicularly [?????????????????] adv. 垂直地 carpenter [?????????] n. 木匠 saw [???] n. 锯 plane [?????] n. 刨 chisel [??????] n. 凿子 gouge [?????] n. 半圆凿 boring [???????] n. 钻(孔) brace [?????] n. 手摇曲柄钻 drill [????] n. 钻孔机 C-clamp [?????] n. C型夹 square [?????] n. 直角尺 trisquare [???????????] n. 曲尺

Finishes serve to protect and preserve the wood and to bring out the beauty of the grain. Pieces are finished with rasps, files, and sandpaper. Common finishes include waxes, oils, bleaches, fillers, stains, shellac, varnish, lacquer, sealers, and paints, including enamels.

o bring out [????] [???]v. 显示出

o grain [?????] n. 纹理图案

o rasp [?????] n. 粗锉:一种有锋利,突出,尖锐凸起的钝锉

o file [????] n. 锉刀

o sandpaper [??????????] n. 沙纸

o wax [????] n. 石蜡

o bleach [??????] n. 漂白

o filler [?????] n. 填料:,用于在完工前将木头、塑料或其它建筑表面填入孔、裂缝或洞

o stain [?????] n. 着色剂:能够渗透表层并着深色的一种液体物质,尤用于木头上 o shellac [??????] n. 虫胶清漆:用于涂饰木料

o varnish [???????] n. 清漆:用于把表面涂成坚硬的,有光泽的透明的膜 o lacquer [?????] n. 天然漆:一种用作表面涂层的光滑的树脂般的物质

o sealer [??????] n. (油漆)封底层:一种密封物质,比如用来给平面上胶的油漆或 5

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