篇一：雅思阅读难点解析之剑桥雅思5 Test 1
雅思阅读难点解析之剑桥雅思5: Test 1
雅思阅读难点解析之"剑桥真题系列"
Cambridge IELTS 5: Test 1
朗阁海外考试研究中心 刘舜华
上 篇
阅读考试中的一些题目表面上令人困惑,甚至扑朔迷离,实际上分析下来不外乎考察学生对于原文的主旨大意和细节的理解能力,一些看似有难度的题目往往暴露出学生在阅读理解能力上的弱点,考生若能在平常的学习或备考中坚持系统地练习,许多问题便会迎刃而解.下面以真题系列中的题目与各位同行及雅思考生做一探讨.
在Passage 2: Nature or Nurture的题目中, 题目的整体难度适中,不过仍有个别题目令考生费时费力,仍不得其解.
在Question 24 (T / F / NG) 中,题目: Some people may believe that the teacher-subjects' behavior could be explained as a positive survival
mechanism. 考生若能划出关键词,也是整句的核心意义positive 和survival, 就迈开了正确解题的第一步.接下来的难点有二:一是定位.是非无判断题是考生解题过程中的第一种题型,所以之前没有什么信息输入,这时是对考生信息定位能力的最严峻考察,是否能够在接近千字的文章中找到所需信息的位置有赖于考生平时的阅读功底;二是对长难句的理解能力.试验类文章多涉及某个专业话题,为了表达精准到位,难免会出现比较冗长的句子,如何精准地理解作者意图对考生也是不小的挑战.但也并非没有技巧可言.一篇文章总归有它的符合逻辑的写作顺序,更何况雅思阅读中的文章都是脉络清楚,逻辑缜密的优秀文章,所以,通过对文章的思路分析来确定所需信息的大体位置就相对可靠,并依托全篇文章的核心内容来理解长难句,问题就不会显得过分复杂了.
本文是一篇讲述实验类的文章,这类文章在雅思考试中并不少见,该文选自Paradigms Lost, 在讲述此次试验的过程中,写作思路相当清晰,遵循了'话题引入 – 介绍试验宗旨 / 目的- 试验操作- 预计结果- 公布结果- 讨论/分析 – 展望 / 提出新的课题 '的线索,理解了这一点,对上述题目的定位就容易多了,由于提到了"教师们的行为"could be explained…, 那么一定是在实验结果公布后对老师们行为的分析中出现的,所以应该位于文章的中部,顺势在第二页的篇幅中找到第一
段Para. E, "What were the actual results?" ,得知这一段涉及到公布结果,还未讲到对于老师们行为的分析讨论;下一段,Para. F, 首句:One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's
teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. 即显示出本段的内容是和生物本能相关的,尤以上文中标注出的单词突出显示了该内容.
大体定位后,接下来需要根据关键词对应查读,在段落的倒数第3行出现了survival value, 倒数第4行出现了advantageous , 分别对应于题目中的
'survival '和'positive'. 细读这2个单词所在的原文,可知与题目中的意思吻合,答案为:TRUE.
如果说该题是一道考核语言实力的题目,那么Q 23就是一道考察阅读中的细致和基本的逻辑思维能力.
题目(T / F / NG):
23. Several of the subjects were psychology students at the Yale
University.
大部分考生会轻松确定关键词 Yale university, 然后在原文中亦可轻松定位,因为在第一段即出现了 Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40
subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a leader… 由于关键词 Yale university 异常鲜明,所以考生会格外关注它的所在,从而会产生概念偏移,被误导为提到Yale University 是指的Milgram来自耶鲁, 而不是subjects, 从而错判为FALSE.有经验的或比较细致审慎的考生会注意到不能只关注University 这个意群的单元,因为题目中的主语是subjects, 如果关注到40 subjects 这个部分,就会看到他们来自各行各业(all walks of life), 从而对他们一部分是来自Yale 的说法判断为: NOT GIVEN.
该题虽然更多涉及到细致,慎重的阅读习惯,但对于没有太多解题经验的学生来讲,仍然会形成挑战,所以考生应注重练习,并总结经验.
本篇文章的第2种题型是多项选择题中的四选一,难度通常低于多选多题型.不过,在追求答题效率方面,许多考生还是有较大提升空间的.
Question 22 (Multiple Choice):Before the experiment took place the psychiatrists
A. believed that a shock of 150 volts was too dangerous.
B. failed to agree on how the teacher-subjects would respond to instructions
C. underestimated the teacher-subjects' willingness to comply with experimental procedure.
D. thought that many of the teacher-subjects would administer a shock of 450 volts.
该题题干虽简短,貌似内容也较概括,但因为psychiatrists 的出现,在原文里是比较容易定位的,所以可以视作较内容具体,方便定位的题干,这样就可以不必读以下的选项,而是直接在文中去找答案了.当然,读的过程中不要一条道走到黑,应该边读边对应题目中的备选项,因为在这个过程中可能会排除或确定答案,这样就可以缩小选项的范围,提高效率.
在原文的D段的Line 2出现了 39 psychiatrists, 可知考点在此处,第一句话出现了'The overwhelming consensus was that…'可知B选项可以排除,而紧随其后的'The psychiatrists felt that 'most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts' and they further anticipated that …'可知选项D 应该被排除,而据此也可以判断A选项的考点也在这里,但段落中未提及关于'150 volts was too dangerous.',可知A不能选,排除后的结果很快表明,C似乎是正确答案,但是选项中的
underestimated 意味着要经过对比才知是否'低估',此时要坚持续读下去,不可以吝啬时间跟精力,因为距离正确答案只有一步之遥了,而既然前面已经堆积了如此多的解题步骤,通常在这里考方不会再设置难点了,所以基本上已经水到渠成了.在下一段的首句即出现了:What were the results? Well, over 60 % of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450 – volt limit! 可知正确答案是:C.
有鉴于此,考生在备考充分的前提下,对考题难度的猜想不必过高,只要耐心细致,再把握文章内在的逻辑顺序,准确快速地解题并非可望而不可及.
下 篇
关于环境类话题的文章在阅读中出现的次数已然不少,但和教育类话题一样,将仍然作为09年的主流话题出现.在10月24日的真题中毫无意外地出现了这2类话题:Passage 1: Ocean power (环境类)和Passage 2: 父母参与学校教育 (教育类).剑桥雅思真题系列V中,这类话题已是屡见不鲜,下面结合passage 3中出现的题目就考生容易出错和困惑的地方来讨论.
比较普遍地令考生感到难解的题目之一是位于最后一个题型的Question 38 (Summary):
Global Warming
The writer admits that global warming is a 38 ______________ challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it in the 39______________.
A uealisticB agreed C expensive
D rightE long –termF usual
G surprising H personal Iurgent
题目中沿袭了Summary题型一贯的定位提示:'标题提示',和另一种方式'首句提示'一起成为常见的2种定位提示.根据global warming来定位, 可知考点在Paragraph 2, 其中Line 10: the release of greenhouse gases that causes
global warming – does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. 出现了关键词global warming. 根据对38题的题目前后所提供的信息,可知所填的内容应为challenge的修饰成分,前面还有一个绝好的有助于识别答案的信号词a, 但是but 前面的这个并列分句除了challenge 以外就再没有提供其他的有效信息,据此很难在原文中进一步查找出答案.结合后半部分的分句,会注意到有2个很重要的信息:catastrophic impact 和future, 回到原文中查找,考生会看到有future 出现,但题目中出现的catastrophic在原文中被代换成devastating, 这里就考核到词汇量,并且打破了题目中的信息点和原文中信息点的对应关系,这就要求考生的答题必须是建立在对原文的透彻理解基础上,而不可以侥幸地通过对应信息点而获得答案.通过理解原文中对应的句子,考生发现题目中的challenge 应该是原文中的phenomenon,这样进一步寻找phenomenon的定语,后面的从句that is going to extend well into our future 所表达的意思就是Summary 所提供的选项里面的E, long-term. 所以答案为:E.
回顾选择的过程,其中关键之处是找到题目的核心意义跟原文中考点的对应关系,而这种对应关系不能只依据表面词汇的对应来达成,而是建立在对句子的实际意义的理解基础上.必要时要借助对上下文的阅读.
接下来的Question 39也比较耐人寻味,虽然在题目难度上远比不上Q38, 但是这种出题思路值得各位考生注意.在原文中38题考点的段落的最后一句话提到:A bigger problem may well turned out to be an inappropriate response to it. 由于题目中'it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it …',可知题目中的答案应该是appropriate, 在对应的选项box里就可以得知正确答案为:D ( right.).
在同一篇文章的Questions 33-37 (Multiple Choice)中,考生有必要注意Q33和Q36所涉及的解题要素.
33. What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?
A the need to produce results
B the lack of financial support
C the selection of areas to research
D the desire to solve every research problem
令考生暂时略感轻松的是Paragraph 4内容不多,段落较短,但是即便读完却依然对答案感到迷茫,唯一的安慰是可以排除选项A 和D,而B和C中提到的financial 和areas 在段落中都有提及,如何取舍就比较难了.这里要结合2点进行考虑,一是全篇文章的主题.本文是在讨论关于环境的问题,那么C选项应该更有可能是作者的重心所指;二是从简单的逻辑入手来判断,虽然段落中也提到了'Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems',但只是说明
funding 的流向,与选项B中所表达的the lack of financial support是不一样的,故不能选B; 而选项C: the selection of areas to research讲的是areas 的选择,这与原文'Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems.'中的表达是一致的,所以答案为: C.
上述情况表明,考生在进行阅读答题时,不能只限于对表面文字的单纯理解,应广泛联系,包括原文的核心话题以及上下文,前后段落等,这也符合雅思官方对于阅读考试宗旨的描述:考核学生在学术的背景下对细节的判断和主旨大意的理解能力.
除上述的考核要素需要考生在备考的过程中注意以外,考生还应该对考试中设定的一些陷阱有所了解,以便防备.据笔者的经验,在这套题目中有2处是同学们经常会掉进陷阱的地方.一处是本篇文章的Q 36:
36. The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended to
A. educate readers
B. meet their readers' expectations
C. encourage feedback from readers.
D. mislead readers.
篇二：剑桥雅思四 Test4 手打的word 版本
Test 4
SECTION 1 Question 1-10 Question 1-10
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
SECTION 2 Questions 11-20 Questions 11 -15
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
11 To find out how much holidays cost, you should press button A oneB two C three 12 Travelite currently offer walking holidays A only in Western Europe. B all over Europe. C outside Europe. 13 The walks offered by Travelite
A cater for a range of walking abilities. B are planned by guides from the local area. C are for people with good fitness levels. 14 On Travelite holidays, people holidaying alone pay
A the same as other clients.
B only a little more than other clients. C extra only if they stay in a large room.
15Entertainment is provided A when guests request it B most night C every night
Questions 16-20
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
SECTION 3 Questions 21-30 Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Questions 27-30
What problems do the speakers identify for each experiment?
Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-H next to questions 27-30.
Experiment 1: 27 ………………. …… Experiment 2: 28 ………………. …… Experiment 3: 29 ………………. …… Experiment 4: Example F
Experiment 5: 30 ………………. ……
SECTION 4 Questions 31-40
Questions 31-34Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Questions 35-38
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 35 Shark meshing uses nets laid A along the coastline.
B at an angle to the beach.C from the beach to the sea.
36 Other places that have taken up shark meshing include A South Africa. B New Zealand. C Tahiti. 37 The average number of sharks caught in nets each year is A 15. B 150.C 1,500. 38 Most sharks are caught in A spring. B summer.
Questions 39-40
Choose TWO letter A-G.
Which TWO factors reduce the benefits of shark nets?
C winter.
A nets wrongly positioned B strong waves and currents C too many fishD sharks eat holes in netsE moving sands F nets too shortG holes in nets scare sharks
篇三：剑桥雅思5test2reading2的阅读全文解析
智课网IELTS备考资料
剑桥雅思5test2reading2的阅读全文解析
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What's so funny?
John McCrone reviews recent research on humour
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2
1.The joke comes over the headphones: 'Which side of a dog has the most hair? The left ‘No, not funny. Try again’. Which side of a dog has the most hair? The outside.' Hah! The punchline is silly yet fitting, tempting a smile, even a laugh. Laughter has always struck people as deeply mysterious, perhaps pointless. The writer Arthur Koestler dubbed it the luxury reflex: 'unique in that it serves no apparent biological purpose'.
2.Theories about humour have an ancient pedigree. Plato expressed the idea that humour is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over others. Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline. But most modern humour theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle's belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second meaning.
3.Graeme Ritchie, a computational linguist in Edinburgh, studies the linguistic structure of jokes in order to
understand not only humour but language understanding and reasoning in machines. He says that while there is no single format for jokes, many revolve around a sudden and surprising conceptual shift. A comedian will present a situation followed by an unexpected interpretation that is also apt.
4.So even if a punchline sounds silly, the listener can see there is a clever semantic fit and that sudden mental 'Aha!' is the buzz that makes us laugh. Viewed from this angle, humour is just a form of creative insight, a sudden leap to a new perspective.
5.However, there is another type of laughter, the laughter of social appeasement and it is important to understand this too. Play is a crucial part of development in most young mammals. Rats produce ultrasonic squeaks to prevent their scuffles turning nasty. Chimpanzees have a 'play-face' - a gaping expression accompanied by a panting 'ah, ah' noise. In
humans, these signals have mutated into smiles and laughs. Researchers believe social situations, rather than cognitive events such as jokes, trigger these instinctual markers of play or appeasement. People laugh on fairground rides or when tickled to flag a play situation, whether they feel amused or not.
6.Both social and cognitive types of laughter tap into the same expressive machinery in our brains, the emotion and motor circuits that produce smiles and excited vocalizations. However, if cognitive laughter is the product of more general thought processes, it should result from more expansive brain activity.
7.Psychologist Vinod Goel investigated humour using the new technique of 'single event' functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI). An MR! scanner uses magnetic fields and radio waves to track the changes in oxygenated blood that accompany mental activity. Until recently, MRI scanners needed several minutes of activity and so could not be used to track rapid thought processes such as comprehending a joke. New developments now allow half-second 'snapshots' of all sorts of reasoning and problem-solving activities.
8.Although Goel felt being inside a brain scanner was hardly the ideal place for appreciating a joke, he found
evidence that understanding a joke involves a widespread mental shift. His scans showed that at the beginning of a joke the listener's prefrontal cortex lit up, particularly the right prefrontal believed to be critical for problem solving. But there was also activity in the temporal lobes at the side of the head (consistent with attempts to rouse stored
knowledge) and in many other brain areas. Then when the punchline arrived, a new area sprang to life - the orbital prefrontal cortex. This patch of brain tucked behind the orbits of the eyes is associated with evaluating information.
9.Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. Energy and arousal levels may need to be retuned in the blink of an eye. These abrupt changes will produce either positive or negative feelings. The orbital cortex, the region that becomes active in Goel's experiment, seems the best candidate for the site that feeds such feelings into higher-level thought processes, with its close connections to the brain's sub-cortical arousal apparatus and centres of metabolic control.
10.All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in response to external events, but humans, who have developed a much more complicated internal life as a result of language, respond emotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their own thoughts. Whenever a sought-for answer snaps into place, there is a shudder of pleased recognition. Creative discovery being pleasurable, humans have learned to find ways of milking this natural response. The fact that jokes tap into our general evaluative machinery explains why the line between funny and disgusting, or funny and frightening, can be so fine. Whether a joke gives pleasure or pain depends on a person's outlook.
11.Humour may be a luxury, but the mechanism behind it is no evolutionary accident. As Peter Derks, a psychologist at William and Mary College in Virginia, says: 'I like to think of humour as the distorted mirror of the mind. It's creative, perceptual, analytical and lingual. If we can figure out how the mind processes humour, then we'll have a pretty good handle on how it works in general.'
Questions 14-20
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
14 Arthur Koestler considered laughter biologically important in several ways. F
15 Plato believed humour to be a sign of above-average intelligence. NG
16 Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy. T
17 Current thinking on humour has largely ignored Aristotle's view on the subject. F
18 Graeme Ritchie's work links jokes to artificial intelligence. T
19 Most comedians use personal situations as a source of humour. NG
20 Chimpanzees make particular noises when they arc playing. T
Questions 21-23
The diagram below shows the areas of the brain activated by jokes. Label the diagram.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 21 -23 on your answer sheet.
21.Problem solving 22.temporal lobe
Questions 24—27
Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-G below.
Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 24-27 on your answer sheet.
24 One of the brain's most difficult tasks is to C
25 Because of the language they have developed, humans A
26 Individual responses to humour F
27 Peter Derks believes that humour D
Areact to their own thoughts.
Bhelped create language in humans.
Crespond instantly to whatever is happening.
Dmay provide valuable information about the operation of the brain.
Ecope with difficult situations.
Frelate to a person's subjective views.
Gled our ancestors to smile and then laugh.
这篇文章虽然看起来比较贴近生活，但是理解起来还是有一定难度的，而且生词也是比较多的，所以如果基础差的考生理解这篇文章是有一定障碍的，下面我们来看看本文需要掌握的生词和高频词汇：
1.疑难词注解：
punchline(结尾警语、妙语连珠) pedigree(血统，家谱)
punctured(被刺破的) ludicrousness(可笑的，滑稽的)
appeasement(缓和，平息) ultrasonic(超声波)
gaping(多洞穴的;目瞪口呆的) scuffles(混战，扭打)
motor circuits(动力电图) magnetic fields(磁场)
abrupt changes(突变，陡变) apparatus(装置，设备)
distorted(歪曲的，受到曲解的) evolutionary accident(进化故事)
prefrontal cortex(前额皮质) temporal lobes(颞叶)orbital cortex(额眶部皮质)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)(机能性磁共振成像)
MRI scanners(核磁共振扫描仪) computational linguist(计算机语言学家)
2.高频词
headphones(耳机、听筒) dub(授予……称号)
psychic tension(谨慎紧张) incongruity(不协调，不一致，不适宜)
format(格式，版本) conceptual(概念上的)
instinctual(本能的) evaluative(可估价的)