篇一：GRE阅读中的“取非”思想详解
GRE阅读中的“取非”思想详解
在GRE阅读中，虚拟语气的用法是十分常见的，但很多同学却常常忽视了它所代表的含义，那就是见到虚拟语气就要想到“取非”。比如作者如果写到：“如果我能够把韦氏字典都背完，那我GRE阅读肯定没有问题了。”这句话其实想要表达的问题就是“我的GRE阅读有问题”。取非思想如何运用到GRE阅读的解题当中，下面小编将为大家做详细讲解。
直接取非
若在文章中看到虚拟语气，考虑直接取非反义理解，迅速把握作者态度。
如下面这句话：
例一：Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navigators use stars and planets, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense.
这句话看似很长，翻译成为中文的意思是：“有些科学家认为，就像人类采用恒星和行星来定位一样，候鸟或许也是采用天体的导航才得以确定它们所处的地理位置，但这要求这类动物具有令人难以置信的地图感。”中文读过去都让人头疼。其实我们用虚拟语气取非的思想来处理，其要表达的意思就很简单，对前半句话取非，说白了就是前半句话是行不通的，也就是“migrants cannot determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation.”可以知道作者对这种解释持负评价。
我们再来看个例子：
例二：According to natural selection theory, a worker would enhance her fitness—or ability to propagate her genes—by hatching her own eggs in addition to or in place of the queen’s.
这句话也是虚拟语气，我们直接取反理解，作者想要表达的就是 “a worker will not enhance her ?”运用这种取非的思想我们可以迅速的把握作者的态度，以及作者想要表达的真实意思。就不用先翻译成绕口的中文，再拼命的思索其中的含义，可以有效地为考试争取时间。
改进型取非
在题干中看到虚拟语气，大多需要用到取非思想，与之相对应的一种题型是GRE阅读题中常见的一种，叫做“改进型取非题”。看例子之前，先简单解释下什么是“改进型取非题”。很简单，如果题干问“如果一个对象怎样会更好”则是改进型取非题，来看具体的例子：
例：It can be inferred from the passage that the “first theories” of grazer control mentioned in line 3 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to___. 这是一个典型的改进型取非题题干，问的是第三行第一个理论怎样会更好。
逻辑思路：既然是改进，原文肯定说到了它的不好之处或者有unless的句子，我们把造成不好的原因取非，就是所要的答案了。
按照此思路定位原文三行，看到后面有这样一句话“A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.”注意看插入语部分的“but did not prove”，这个就是缺点，取非就是“prove”再看五个选项：
(A) observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions
(B) discover negative correlations between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research
(C) understand the central importance of environmental factors in controlling the growth rates of phytoplankton
(D) make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers(E) invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control
一眼扫过去就只有一个选项在讲证明，就是D中的verifiable。所以答案选D。很快解完此题。
强对比取非
取非的思路除了可以在虚拟语气中使用，还可以在另一种逻辑关系中使用，就是强对比的关系，也就是GRE阅读题中另一种常考题型“强对比互取非题”，其主要特点是：原文中有强对比的双方，题干只问及其中一方，答案是对另一方叙述的取非;或者题干和原文存在强对比要素，如典型的时间要素，答案也是对原文的叙述取非。来看个简单的例子，
例：The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?
思路：在题干中看到了1950’s，第一反应就是要回原文定位，发现原文只讲到了”in the early 1950’s”并没有”before”，这显然就是时间上一个取非的关系，我们把in the early 1950’s干的事情取个非，就是之前干的事情。答案就很好选了，在此不举出来了。
这个思路很好理解，比如说“我1995年第一次去北京。”很显然，1995年以前我就没有去过北京。这就是时间状语的取非。其它的强对比关系(如处于相对低于空间的事物通常其特点呈强对比;新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强对比;用最高级、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同类事物的特征呈强对比等)，相信考生可以一眼看出，在此就不在一一列举例子了，重点在明白这种取非的思想。
以上就是关于取非思想在GRE阅读中运用的讲解，结合了一些实例，相信会帮助大家更好地理解这种解题思路。希望各位考生都能掌握这种方法，做好GRE阅读题。
TIPS：GRE阅读要学会权衡做题的优先性
很多同学在面对GRE阅读考试时，都会感叹时间不够，常会有考生来不及看完整篇阅读文章。其中做题速度无法达到要求的原因有很多，词汇量，阅读方法，做题技巧无一不是。此外，还有一个很重要的因素：不会取舍，不会衡量做题的优先性。鉴于GRE考试开弓没有回头箭的考试模式，如果在做阅读题时碰到了难度很高，预计会花费大量时间定位解析也难以保证正确率的题目，建议大家直接猜测答案后进入下一题，不要在这些题目上花费太多时间。学会取舍才能保证后续题目的解题时间，从而弥补损失，取得更好的成绩。
篇二：新GRE模考题
新GRE模考题
Sect ion 3
For Questions 1 to 5, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
1.
(A) bask in
(B) give out
(C) despair of
(D) gloat over
(E) shrug off
2.The Chinese, who began systematic astronomical and weather
observations shortly after the ancient Egyptians, were assiduous record-keepers, and because of this, can claim humanity’s longest continuousevents.
(A) defiance
(B) documentation
(C) maintenance
(D) theory
(E) domination
3.Nineteenth-century scholars, by examining earlier geometric Greek art, found that classical Greekblending Egyptian and Assyrian art, but was independently evolved by Greeks in Greece.
5． The astronomer and feminist Maria Mitchell’s own prodigious activity and the vigor of the Association for the Advancement of Women during the 1870’sany assertion that feminism was in that period.
Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following reading passage.
From the 1900’s through the 1950’s waitresses in the United States developed a form of unionism based on the unions’ defining the skills that their occupation included and enforcing standards for the performance of those skills. This “occupational unionism” differed substantially from the “worksite unionism” prevalent among factory workers. Rather than unionizing the workforces of particular employers, waitress locals sought to control their occupation throughout a city. Occupational unionism operated through union hiring halls, which provided free placement services to employers who agreed to hire their personnel only through the union. Hiring halls offered union waitresses collective employment security, not individual job security—a basic protection offered by worksite unions. That is, when a waitress lost her job, the local did not intervene with her employer but placed her elsewhere; and when jobs were scarce, the work hours available were distributed fairly among all members rather than being assigned according to seniority.
6. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) analyze a current trend in relation to the past
(B) discuss a particular solution to a long-standing problem
(C) analyze changes in the way that certain standards have been enforced
(D) apply a generalization to an unusual situation
(E) describe an approach by contrasting it with another approach
7. The author of the passage mentions “particular employers” (line 5) primarily in order to
(A) suggest that occupational unions found some employers difficult to satisfy
(B) indicate that the occupational unions served some employers but not others
(C) emphasize the unique focus of occupational unionism
(D) accentuate the hostility of some employers toward occupational unionism
(E) point out a weakness of worksite unionism
Questions 8 to 9 are based on the following reading passage.
The dark regions in the starry night sky are not pockets in the universe that are devoid of stars as had long been thought. Rather, they are dark because of interstellar dust that hides the stars behind it. Although its visual effect is so pronounced, dust is only a minor constituent of the material, extremely low in density, that lies between the stars. Dust accounts for about one percent of the total mass of interstellar matter. The rest is hydrogen and helium gas, with small amounts of other elements. The interstellar material, rather like terrestrial clouds, comes in all shapes and sizes. The average density of interstellar material in the vicinity of our Sun is 1,000 to 10,000 times less than the best terrestrial laboratory vacuum. It is only because of the enormous interstellar distances that so little material per unit of volume becomes so significant. Optical astronomy is most directly affected, for although interstellar gas is perfectly
transparent, the dust is not. For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
8. It can be inferred from the passage that the density of interstellar material is
(A) equal to that of interstellar dust
(B) unusually low in the vicinity of our Sun.
(C) not homogeneous throughout interstellar space.
9. Select a sentence in the passage which gives the reason why stars can be obscured even by very sparsely distributed matter.
For Questions 10 to 13, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
10. Industrialists seized economic power only after industry as the preeminent form of production; previously such power had resided in land ownership.
(A) sabotaged
(B) overtaken
(C) toppled
(D) joined
(E) supplanted
(F) surrogated
11. Many industries areimpact of government sanctions, equipment failure, and foreign competition that they are beginning to rely on industrial psychologists to salvage what remains of employee morale.
(A) estranged
(B) beleaguered
(C) overruled
(D) encouraged
(E) restrained
(F) besiegedventuring any criticism of the senior members’ plan for dividing up responsibility for the entire project.
(A) reluctant
(B) inquisitive
(C) presumptuous
(D) pretentious
(E) censorious
(F) moralistic
13. The natures of social history and lyric poetry are antithetical , social history always poetry speaking for unchanging human nature, that timeless essence beyond fashion and economics.
(A) bygone
(B) evanescent
(C) unnoticed
(D) unalterable
(E) transitory
(F) eternal
Questions 14-16 are based on the following passage.
The 1973 Endangered Species Act made into legal policy the concept that endangered species of wildlife are precious as part of a natural ecosystem. The nearly unanimous passage of this act in the United States Congress, reflection the rising national popularity of environmentalism, masked a bitter debate. Affected industries clung to the former wildlife policy of valuing individual species according to their economic usefulness. They fought to minimize the law’s impact by limiting definitions of key terms. But they lost on nearly every issue. The act defined “wildlife” as almost all kinds of animals—from large mammals to invertebrates—and plants. “Taking” wildlife was defined broadly as any action that threatened an endangered species; areas vital to a species’ survival could be federally protected as “critical habitats”. Though these definitions legislated strong environmentalist goals, political compromises made in the enforcement of the act were to determine just what economic interests would be set aside for the sake of ecological stabilization.
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
14. According to the passage, all of the following statements are defined as a “critical habitat” EXCEPT
(A) A natural ecosystem that is threatened by imminent development
(B) A natural area that is crucial to the survival of a species and thus eligible for federal protection.
(C) A wilderness area in which the “taking” of wildlife species is permitted rarely and only under strict federal regulation
15. It can be inferred from the passage that if business interests had won the debate on provisions of the 1973 Endangered Species Act, which of the following would have resulted?
(A) Environmentalist concepts would not have become widely popular.
(B) The definitions of key terms of the act would have been more restricted.
(C) Enforcement of the act would have been more difficult.
(D) The act would have had stronger support from Congressional leaders.
(E) The public would have boycotted the industries that had the greatest impact in defining the act.
16. The author refers to the terms “wildlife” (line 11), “taking” (line 13), and “critical habitats” (line 16) most likely in order to
(A) illustrate the misuse of scientific language and concepts in political processes
(B) emphasize the importance of selecting precise language in transforming scientific concepts into law
(C) represent terminology whose definition was crucial in writing environmentalist goals into law
(D) demonstrate the triviality of the issues debated by industries before Congress passed the Endangered Species Act
(E) show that broad definitions of key terms in many types of laws resulted in ambiguity and thus left room for disagreement about how the law should be enforced
Questions 17-19 are based on the following passage.
Allen and Wolkowitz’s research challenges the common claim that homework-waged labor performed women worker’s needs and preferences. By focusing on a limited geographical area in order to gather in-depth information, the authors have avoided the methodological pitfalls that have plagued earlier research on homework. Their findings disprove accepted notions about homeworkers: that they are unqualified for other jobs and that they use homework as a short-term strategy for dealing with child care. The authors conclude that the persistence of homework cannot be explained by appeal to such notions, for in fact, homeworkers do not differ sharply from other employed women. Most homeworkers would prefer to work outside the home but are constrained from doing so by lack of opportunity. In fact, homework is driven by employers’ desires to minimize fixed costs: homeworkers receive no benefits and are paid less than regular employees.
17. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) advocating a controversial theory
(B) presenting and challenging the results of a study
(C) describing a problem and proposing a solution
(D) discussing research that opposes a widely accepted belief
(E) comparing several explanations for the same phenomenon
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
18.Allen and Wolkowitz’s research suggests which of following statements are true about most homeworkers
(A) They do not necessarily resort to homework as a strategy for dealing with child care.
(B) They perform professional-level duties rather than manual tasks or piecework.
(C) They do not prefer homework to employment outside the home.
19. The ratio of divorces to marriage has increased since 1940. Therefore, there must be a greater proportion of children living with only one natural parent than there was in 1940.
篇三：GRE类比难词大全
太傻GRE类比难词大全
A
abbreviation:sentence=synopsis:narrative
abet ：assistance =counsel ：guidance
abscond ：depart =pilfer / sneak ：take =secrete ：store =lurk ：waitaccommodate ：supply =obliterate ：remove
accost ：approach(搭讪 ：接近)
acme ：mountain =crest ：wave
adament ：yield =cautious ：gamble
ad-lib ：impromptu =aside ：divergent
agonized ：distress =obsessed ：concern
airtight ：loophole
albino ：pigment =prairie ：tree
alibi ：exculpatory =warning ：admonishery
alliterate ：remove =blazon ：efface
apophasis ：claim =oxymoron ：paradox
apothecary ：medicine =butcher ：meat {librarian ：book }
appoint ：official =cast ：actor
article ：byline =movie ：credits
ascetic ：self-denial =busybody ：intrusive
attentive ：officious =refined ：snobbish
attenuate ： force = retrenchment ： money
audacious ：caution ={inedible ：food}
awl ：pierce =pestle ：hash
awning ：sun =umbrella ：rain
B
babble ：sense =parrot ：originality
ballast ：stability =truss ：support
ballot ：candidates
barb ：caustic =pan ：harsh
bigot ：tolerance =turncoat ：constancy
bit ：drill =blade ：razor
blast ：whiff =gush ：trickle
blurb ：notice =gloss ：explanation
blustering ：speak =swaggering ：walk
bonhomie ：good natured =
breezeway ：building, house =stairway ：floor
bribe ：incorrupt =affect ：insensible
butt ：head =nudge ：elbow
C
cabal ：association =plot ：plan(spat ：quarrel)
cameo ：sculpture(有浮雕的玛瑙 ：雕刻)
caprice ：whimsical =stealth ：furtive =discontent ：unsatisfied
cavalierly ：deliberation =
caveat ：sprightly
chiaroscuro ：contrast =filigree ：delicacy {tapestry ：intricacy}
chord：note= grove：tree { table：index ， river：stream,flower：stem }cleft ：chasm =cut ：gash
cloth ：ragged =furniture ：rickety
collude ：cooperate =smuggle ：convey
colonnade ：pillar =queue ：person
complain ：carp =drink ：guzzle
congenial ：benhomie
conundrum ：solve =？？
correct ：accurate =garble ：unintelligible
corrobate ：evidence =caluminate ：falsehood
couplet ：sentence =
crockery ：earthenware =??
croon ：sing =murmur ：speak
D
dank ：moisture (潮湿的 ：湿气)
dastard ：craven =??
dauntless ：intimidate =irrepressible ：restrain
deadpan ：impassive =(brazen ：impudence)
debut ：career =embarkment ：journey
default ：pay =yield ：resist
delusion：thought=hallucination：perception
depressant ：mood
disklike ：loathing =pleasure ：bliss
ditch ：canyon =burrow ：cavern
doctrine ： heterodoxy = spontaneous ： studied {adaptability：stable}dodder ：unsteady =cavort ：sprightly
dour ：geniality =bumptious ：humbleness
doze ：sleep =nudge ：prod
draconia ：inclemency =fret ：vexation
E
earshot ：hear =ken ：see
earsplitting ：loud =heartrending ：sad
eccentric ：conventional =doyen（老资格，老前辈） ：uninitiated
echelon ：hierarchy(排成梯队 ：层次)
ecumenical ：generality =entire ：integrity
enamel ：tooth =bark ：tree
equivocate ：directness =fawn ：imperiousness
equivocation ：ambiguous =oxymoron ：incongruous
esteem ：idolatrize =favor ：bribe
evade ：answer =goldbrick ：work
evanescent ：permanence =archaic ：currency
exaggeration ：hyperbole =(台湾几经对anger ：tirade,真题对playful ：banter)exclaim ：utter =flare ：shine (exclaim ：utter sharply, passionately, or vehemently)
exponent ：advocate =pollster ：canvass
F
fable ：tale =ditty ：song
falter ：act =stammer ：speak
fast ：eat =moratorium ：act
fastidious ：outshine =recalcitrant ：resist
fawn ：hauteur =self-depreciate ：swagger
fear ：cower =anger ：rant
flannel ：cloth =linen ：fabric
flit ：move =blurb ：utter
fluent ：glib =humorous ：wry(meticulous ：nitpick/finicky)
fluvial：river=siderial：star
fold ：crumple =(defeat ：overwhelm)
food:hunger=stimulation:boredom
footless ：attachment =dauntless ：trepidation
G
gadfly ：goad =humorist ：amuse
gait ：walk =memonics ：remember =parlance ：speak
garrulous ：talkative =fussy ：careful
gear ：tooth =screw ：thread
glitch ：flaw =peccadillo ：error / sin / offense
goggles ：eyes =gloves ：hands =earmuff ：ear
greedy ：satisfied =hidebound ：renovation
grisly ：flinch =droll ：laugh
grooved ：striated =braided ：strand
grotto ：cavern =arroyo ：channel
gullible ：chicanery =servile
gush ：trickle =blast ：whiff =warm ：sear
H
hamstring ：effectiveness =
hard liner ：compromise
heirloom ：ancestor =bequest ：testator
hodgepodge ：uniformity =cliche ：originality
hole ：cherry =door ：room
horn ：blow =harp ：pluck
I
illusion:perception=gaffe:judgment
incongruent：conform=scatter：overlap
incorrigible:amend=irradicable:remove
indubitable:questioned=resolute:sway
inexperience ：neophyte =irresponsibility ：wastrel
infinite ：exhaust =discrete ：overlap
infuriate ：rage =commend ：esteem {scrounge ：possession}
ingenuous ：dissemble =raffish ：preen =polite ：snub
injure ：sprain =disease ：contract
inkling：knowledge = modicum：quantity
intrepid ：deter =rapt ：distract
J
jammed ：full =ironclad ：firm
joke ：punch line =plot ：denouement
jot：write =skim ：read
L
larder ：provisions =vault ：valuableslariat ：wrangler（牧羊人） =crook ：shepherd
longing ：pine =remorse ：rue
lottory ：raffle(用抽签的方法销售) =ticket ：addimission
ludicrous ：buffoon =dissolute ：libertine =humorous ：waglurk:concealment=espouse:marriage
M
maladroit:skill=glib:profundity
maven ：experiended =luminary ：emminence /augur ：predict
meliorism ：progress =egalitarian ：equity
mellifluous ：music =ambrosial ：food
mine ：coal =quarry ：marblemine shaft ：lode =well ：aquifermiscreant:criminal=visionary:delusion
miser ：munificent ：zealot ：blasé (PP2