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| Unit 8 learning a foreign language单元教案 | |||||
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Unit 8 learning a foreign language
整体感知 单元要点
Word study 1.motivation 2.dictation 3.alphabet 4.stick 5.acquire 6.acqision 7.auful 8.instruct 9.data 10.academct 11.comprehension 12.anxious 13.secure 14.translator 15.interpreter 16.everyday 17.patience 18.adopt 19.tyre 20.overweight 21.operation 22.level 23.junior 24.senior 25.association 26.appropriate 27.postcode 1.动机 2.听写 3.字母表 4.粘贴 5.  6. 7.可怕的 8. 9.数据 10.学术的；大学生 11.理解（力） 12.忧虑的 13.安全的 14.译者 15.口译者 16.日常的 17.耐心的 18.收养、采纳 19.轮胎 20.超重的 21.手术运转 22. 23.年少的 24.较年长的，年长者 25.社团 26.合适的 27.邮政编码
Useful expressions 1.make sense of 2.take risks 3.experiment with 4.piles of 5.knock down 6.fall behind 7.in other words 1.理解 2.冒险 3.实验 4.成堆的 5撞倒 6落后 7.换句话说
Sentence pattern &communicative English First, you should …… What do you think …… What advice would you give …… Make sure that you do I don’t …… You can also …… It / this will help you …… They do better in …… The more …… the better . If they were not ,they would not …… Not all of us wait to be translator or interpreters. Twice as hard Grammar 复习虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood ) 1. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 If you were to spend as many hours studying English, you would make great progress. 2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用:It is time that we should leave. Topics & writing 练习应用文的写作方法和技巧。 背景知识 BBC English One of the best ways to learn a foreign language is to follow the method you use to learn your native language. As a child you hear the sounds of your own language and you repeat it. You see the written form of the language around you and little by little you are taught to link the two forms of the language. The BBC uses this method in many different ways. English teaching radio programs With explanations in 37 languages as well as completely in English ,these program are broadcast to most areas of the world fromCourses of textbooks and audiocassettesThese audio courses are for people who wish to learn English at home or in the classroom. They can all be used for studying English from beginners’ level to advanced. Video courses BBC English programs have been broadcast successfully on television in more than 100 countries. They can also be got on video. With supporting textbooks and audiocassettes; they form complete courses for home study or teaching.A magazineThe BBC English magazine is a bi-monthly publication and is a companion to BBC English radio broadcasts. It is written by the program makers and includes program details, practical home study exercises and features, as well as items of general interest from BBC programs dealing with science, medicine , technology, etc. English language summer school This popular course for learners and teachers of English is held in细说教材 warming up Memorize new words.记新单词。 [点拨] memorize 用法小结： memorize + 名词 e.g. 1. He could memorize nothing. 他 也记不住。
e.g. 2. They are beginning the task of memorizing the dialogue.  正开始记对话。
 与memorize  的词有：memory 记忆，记忆力
memoirs 回忆录 memorable 值得怀念的 memorial 纪念碑
Practice dictation.练习听写。
[点拨]dictation用法举例：
eg.1. How many spelling mistakes are there in your dictation?
你的默写有多少个拼写错误？
eg.2. Hand in your dictations, please.
请把听写簿交 。
eg.3. I have them write out the whole dictation.
我让把听到的全写 。
Ask the teacher to make corrections.请老师批改。
[点拨]correction用法举例： eg.1. These papers are in need of correction.  讲义需要订正。
eg.2. The correction of compositions takes a large part of the teacher’s time .
作文的批改花费了老师 的 。
[点拨]有些make与名词构成的词组 于名词的同根动词。
eg. make corrections = correct
make an apology = apologize
make an explanation = explain
 节目。
[点拨]call-in 此处为“打（电话）进来” 动词词组call in 还有  用法：
eg.1. I formed the habit of calling in on him in the evening.
我养成了晚上去看他的习惯。
eg.2. Your father is very ill; you should call in a doctor at once.
你父亲病的 ，你应该立刻请医生。
eg.3. The librarian has called in all the books.
图书管理员收回了所 书。
Ask questions about the topic being discussed.咨询正在的话题。
[点拨]本句中的being discussed为现在分词的被动语态作定语，意为“正在被的”。 下列句子中动词不定式作定语、 分词作定语与现在分词坐定语的区别：
eg.1. They were invited to the party to be held next week.
被邀请去参加下周将要举行的聚会。
eg.2. He attended the meeting held yesterday.
他出席了昨晚举行的会议。
Who do you think take part in the discussion? 你 谁会参加这场？
[点拨]take part in ,attend ,join 之间的区别： take part in 常用于参加  活动；
eg: The Swiss did not take part in the two world wars.
瑞士  参加两次世界大战。
take a ...part in 还有“起……作用”的意思。
attend 常用于出席会议、婚礼等或作上学、上课讲。
eg.1. He decided to attend the conference in person.
他决定 出席会议。
eg.2. Marry did not attend the wedding.
玛丽参加婚礼。
eg.3. I attended two lecture courses under him.
我听了他的两次讲座。
join 参加或加入某一团体或组织，或加入  的一员
eg.1. In four months, more than 240 000 workers joined the Communist Party.
在四个月内有24万工人加入了共产党。
eg.2. Will you join us for dinner ?
 一起吃饭吧？
speaking
I always get stuck when I come across a new word.
遇到生词时我总是被难住。
[点拨]get stuck =be stuck为被动语态，stick 被用作动词时本意为“固定”，在不同情况下译法不同。 eg.1. I was stuck by the question. 我被这问题难住了。 eg.2. As it was growing dark, I came to a car stuck in a drift. 天快黑时，我来到了一辆陷入雪堆里的汽车跟前。 stick 另  用法为“伸”常于out, out of 或up连用。
eg.1. He saw a branch sticking up in the water.
他看见一根树枝露出水面。
eg.2. From space the earth like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.
从太空看，地球就像 巨大的被水覆盖的球体，上面有几块 水面的陆地。
固定短语stick to 粘住； ；坚守
eg.1. Glue has stuck to my fingers. 胶水粘住了我的手指。
eg.2. But Einstein stuck to his theory and went on with his research.
 爱因斯坦他的理论， 从事他的 。
注意：stick to中的to是介词，后跟名词，名词性从句或代词， 跟动词，也不跟动名词，即使表示“干某事之意”。
如：stick to one’s plans方案, stick to one’s promise坚守诺言, stick to it不停地努力,I stick to what I said yesterday.我仍然我昨天的话。
而insist on多用于“意见、看法、主张。后常接动词的-ing ：
eg. I insist on telling him how great you are.
我 要告诉他你是多么的了不起。
[点拨]come across译为“偶然遇到”“偶然 ”
eg. I come across her in  come at袭击
come into being产生 come back to life复活
come back回来，想起 come out出版，印刷 come up ，发芽
I have been studying English for so long now.到现在我 学了很久的英语了。
[点拨]have been doing 为现在  时，表示动作从开始一直持续到现在，有 延续下去或动作刚刚停止。
eg.1. All these years they have been fighting heroically for independence.
年来一直为独立而英勇战斗。
eg.2. They have been making oiled paper umbrellas for more than 400 years.
制造油纸雨伞有四百多年的历史了。
…… but now I feel as if I’m not making any progress.可是现在我感觉好象进展。
[点拨]as if/though 意为“就像……似的，就仿佛……似的”连词词性， 的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气。
eg.1. I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
我记得事情的  就像在昨天一样。
eg.2. As if I cared! 我才不在乎呢！
当从句中的主语和主句中的主语 ，从句谓语中又包含动词be时， 主语和动词be省略。
eg.1. From time to time, John turned around as if(he was)searching something.
约翰不时的转过身来仿佛在找东西。
eg.2. He paused, as if to let the painful memories pass.
他顿了顿，像要避开那些痛苦的回忆。
[点拨]make progress意为“前进、进展、 进步、（病情）有好转”，progress为不可数名词。
eg.1. Jane is still in hospital, but she is making progress.
简仍在医院里，但她的病情正 好转。
eg.2. He made great progress in speaking English.
他在英语口语 已大有进展。
时， 上下文可以省略被 。
eg.1. I work very hard，but she doesn’t work as hard (as me).
我工作很努力，但她工作不如我努力。
eg.2. I play tennis well. You can’t expect to play tennis as well( as me).
我乒乓球打得好。你期望像我一样好。
eg.3. If you were to spend as many hours studying English ,you would make progress.
 你花同样多的学英语，你会有进步的。
Learning a language is obviously more than just memory words, phrase and structures.学习语言显然 仅是记忆单词、词汇或句型。
[点拨]more than意为“仅是”：
eg: He is more than our teacher .He is our friend.
他仅是的老师 的朋友。
more than 还有“超过”、“很”、“非常”的意思：
They were more than glad to help.
非常乐意帮助。
Instead we learnt or acquired our mother tongue by communicating with the people around us.相反， 与周围人的交流学会的母语。
[点拨]acquire过程或 的努力等
eg.1. By the time, James was twenty, he had acquired a store of his own.
詹姆斯20岁的时候，他拥 的店铺。
eg.2. It’s sometimes possible for a student to master English grammar and acquire a large vocabulary, even without the help of a teacher.
即使老师的帮助，学生也有 英语语法和的词汇。
[点拨]communicate with意为“与……交流/ ”：
eg: They used carrier pigeons to communicate with headquarters.
用信鸽与总部。
And perhaps most puzzling of all, how were we able to make sense of what we heard.
大概最令人迷惑不解的是，如何能够理解听到的话。
[点拨]most puzzling of all最令人迷惑不解的
most important of all最为 的
[点拨]make sense of sth 弄懂……意思：
eg: Can you make sense of this poem?
你懂得这首诗的含义吗？
make sense 有意义
eg: What you say doesn’t make sense /make no sense.
你的话毫无意义。
Some believe that we are equipped with a special ability to learn language and our brain adjust itself to the language of the culture we are born in.
有人具备特殊的学语言能力，而且的大脑能够自我 以 本族文化的语言。
[点拨]equip A with B 用B装备A
eg: The PLA men are equipped with modern weapons.
解放军战士是用现代化武器装备起来的。
[注意]equip 是指“加设备（或装置）于……”，它的宾语是指被设备或被装置的东西的词。
eg: 可以说They equipped the army with modern weapons.
但不可以说：They equipped modern weapons with the army.
[点拨]adjust oneself/s.th. to
eg.1. The body adjusts itself to changes in temperature.
身体能自行调节以气温 。
eg.2. You can’t see well through a telescope unless it is adjusted correctly to your sight.除非你把望远镜 的调节到适合你的视力，否则就看不清楚。
Well-adjusted与他人关系 的，善于顺应的
Others think that we learn language in the same way…and that what we are born with is a… .另 人和学习 事物一样，比如走路，解决问题等，用同样的 学习语言，与生俱来的是学和用的综合能力，而  的语言学习能力
。
[点拨]上一句的some ，与 句的others构成固定的句型搭配some…others/other+ n(pl)…意为“……另……”。
[点拨]that we learn language…与that what we are born with…为谓语动词think 的并列宾语从句， 个词that可以省略，但 个词that不可省略。
[点拨]in the same way 之后省略的关系代词that或in which与we learn other things一起构成way的定语从句。
Regardless of their theories, these language experts do agree that…
 众说纷纭，语言专家都承认生活是一所 的语言学校。
[点拨] regardless of 意为 ：不顾，不注意，
eg.1. regardless of the consequences 不顾后果
eg.2. regardless of expense 不考虑费用
其反义为regardful of 注意
eg: Be more regardful of your own interests.
请多注意你的利益。
That may not seem true to you. 对你来说那也许真的。
[点拨]may not 表猜测时意为“也许不”，而cann’t用于猜测时表示 否定“不”。
eg: She can’t be serious.她不是当真的。
She may not be serious.她也许不会当真。
But once you consider the situation further, you will realize that this is indeed the case. 一旦你更仔细地考虑 情况，你会这的的确确是真的
[点拨]This/That’s the case=This/That’s true . the case 实情，真相
eg.1. Is it the case that you have lost all your money?
你的钱都损失了，是真的吗？
eg.2. If that’s the case, you will have to work much harder.
情形是那样的话，你将  努力工作。
As it often the case with … 这是常事 in any case  如何 in case 万一
…in other words, you were studying the language all day long!
换句话说，你一直在学语言。
[点拨]in other words 意为“换句话说”，类似于“that’s to say 、namely”等。
eg: In other words, he cheated us.换句话说，他欺骗了。
与word 构成短语有：in a word 总之，简言之 eat one’s words认错，收回前言并道歉 ， get in a word 插话，have a word with 与某人谈话， break one’s word/promise 食言,失信
固定句型：word come that…消息传来
…so that is an awful lot of hours. 说那是极长的。
[点拨]so that  句中固定短语“以便，以致于…”的意思。此处so 为连词,that在句子中充当主语。
If you spend as many hours studying English…你花同样多的学英语……
[点拨]此句为省略句，呈前省略了“as studying your mother tongue.”
If you were to spend as many hours studying English, you would make great progress.你花同样多的学习英语,你将会 的进步.
[点拨]此句为虚拟语气，对未事情或情况的虚拟，从句用“主语+should/were to/式”，主句用“主语+would/should/could+动词原形。”
eg: How nice it would be if we were still living by 2100！
到2100年仍活着的话,该多好啊！
We have textbooks, teachers and classmates to instruct and assist us in the process…
在学习的过程中，有教科书，有老师来，有同学帮助…
[点拨]①instruct + n 教授…
eg: instruct a class in history教授班的历史
instruct recruits教新兵
②instruct sb to do sth某人做某事
eg: instruct sb how to work某人如何工作
[点拨]assist(sb)with sth/in doing/to do sth： 援助/帮助某人做某事，比help较正式。
eg.1. She employed a woman to assist her with the housework.
她雇了妇女来帮忙做家务。
eg.2. He asked us to assist him in carrying through their plan.
他请求协助他的计划。
The data suggests that what successful language learners have in common is, among other things, an interest…ability. 数据显示语言学习者 拥是： 自身的兴趣，对世界的好奇心，抢抓机遇和对能力的自信。
[点拨]这是长句，that 的宾语从句中，“What successful language learners have in common”作宾语从句中的主语.“is”为系动词，an interest …ability 并列表语。
Active learners are able to acquire new skills faster and put what they know to better use.  学习者能够更快新技巧而且 的学以致用。
[点拨]put to use 固定搭配意为“  ”
eg.1 He puts his training to good use in his job.
他把他受到的 培训 地到工作 。
eg.2. It’s a pity to throw anything away if it can be put to use.
东西只要还可以，扔掉了总是可惜的。
As a consequence, they do better in areas such as reading comprehension, …
结果，阅读理解、词汇学习、写和说做得。
[点拨]as a consequence= in consequence =as a result
eg: we hadn’t enough money to pay our bus fare, and as a consequence, we have to walk. 足够的钱坐公交车，结果 不步行。
as/in a consequence= as a result of  ……
eg: As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.
懒惰，他被解雇了。
，consequence 还有“，要紧”的意思
eg: It’s of no consequence.不打紧
The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the better the language acquisition proceeds. 学习者越放松,越不紧张，语言的进展越好。
[点拨]the adj/adv(级)…，the +adj/adv (级)…
译为“越……越……”
The sooner , the better.越快越好。
[点拨]anxious 用法小结
1.be anxious to do sth(for sth)急于/渴望干某事或某物
eg.1. They are anxious to know the result.急于知道结果。
eg.2. The boy was anxious for a new pen.那个男孩渴望有一支新钢笔。
2.be anxious about = be worried about 为……担忧
eg: Some people are anxious about the future.有些人对前途感到不安。
（辨析）anxious和eager 都有“渴望”“急于”的意思，但用法略有不同，anxious 着重指焦急、着急或担心，eager 着重指对的期望或进取的热情。
eg.1. We are anxious to arrive home before dark.
急于在天黑之前到家。
eg.2. We are eager to join the army.渴望参军。
They are more willing to take risks….
更愿意冒险。
[点拨]take/run risks/a risk意为“冒险”
eg: She’s too sensible to take a risk when she’s driving.
她在开车时很有判断力而不致冒险。
Take/run risk of doing sth冒险做某事：冒……之险
eg: He was ready to run/take the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy.
他愿意冒被敌人俘虏的危险。
If they were not, they wouldn’t be ready to experiment with new forms and to make mistakes, all of which contribute to their increased ability to learn.
不自信，不会愿意去尝试新的去出错，而 尝试新的事物及错误的纠正才有助于学习能力的 。
[点拨]experiment with 试验，试用
eg.1. In order to discover the crops most suited to the soil, they experimented with various kinds of grain.
 最适合土壤的庄稼，试验了谷物。
eg.2. That man is experimenting with dyes to get the color he wants.
那人正用染料做试验想要他所想要的颜色。
[点拨]contribute to 用法小结
eg.1捐赠、捐助contribute to the Red Cross 捐助红十字会
eg.2 有助于，促成Drink contribute to his ruins.饮酒促成了他的毁灭。
eg.3投稿于：Mr. Green has contributed poems to the London Magazine for several years.格林先生向《伦敦杂志》投诗稿已有几年了。
Not all of us want to be translators or interpreters.
并每个人都想翻译者或口译者。
 ，我无法放松。
[点拨]piles of 意为“一堆堆的，成堆的” eg: a pile of books一堆书 piles of books 一堆堆的书 pile亦可用作动词，词组pile up意为“累积”“堆积” eg: My work keeps piling up.我的工作越积越多。 Most exchange students say that they feel as if they were truly part of their host families and that they will always stay in touch. 许多交流学生说 觉得真正成了房东家庭的一员而且将永远 。
[点拨]此句中that they feel…and that they will…in touch 构成谓语say 的并列宾语从句，个that 在句中不可省略。
[点拨]stay in touch = keep in touch 意为“”，touch 后常与介词with 搭配意思为“与……的”。
与touch 构成的短语有：be in touch with 和……有 be/get out of touch with 脱离、失去 bring…in touch with 使接触，使认识 get in touch with 和…… lose touch with 与……失去
What’s perhaps the most valuable is what you learn about yourself and your own culture.
最的便是你对自身和所属文化的。
[点拨]名词性从句what is… what you …own culture分别充当主语和表语从句，what可以理解成something that.
eg: Our hometown isn’t what it used to be.的家乡不再是的样子。
学语言最好的 去在讲语言的国度里呆上一段。
[点拨]1.这是长句，主句为many language learners think that…,在that 的宾语从句中，the best way 作主语，to learn a language 作the best way 的定语，to spend time in a country 作宾语从句中的表语，where the language is spoken 作 a country 的定语从句。
[点拨]2.关系副词where 的定语从句，where 于in which 或at which在定语从句中充当地点状语。
eg.1. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
他父亲工作的工厂在城市西边。
eg.2. This is the house where we lived last year.
这是去年住的房子。
Many school offer exchange program at various academic levels at a reasonable cost.许多学校 价格 的不同学术层次的交流计划。
[点拨]at…a level意为“以……”又如：consultations at cabinet level 内阁阁员间的磋商
[点拨]at…a cost 以……为代价、以……的价格
eg.1. to sell sth at cost 照成本卖
eg.2. The battle was won at (a) great cost in human lives.
牺牲了许多士兵的性命才换来的这场战役的胜利。
又如固定搭配：at all costs 不惜任何代价，如何
at the cost of牺牲，丧失
eg: He saved his son from drowning, but only at the cost of his own life.
他救了他儿子的命：幸免于溺死，但却牺牲了他的命。
…it is also possible that some of them may fall behind in their studies.
学生有在学习上会落到后面。
[点拨]It is possible that…为固定句型，possible也可以用likely替换，意思为“有……”。此句型还可用sb be likely to do sth…句型替换。但不可以说sb be possible to do sth.
eg: It’s likely/possible that he will do very well.
他有会干得很出色。
[点拨]fall behind意为“落在后面”
eg: Soon he fall behind in the race.
比赛不久，他就落在了后面。
He didn’t want to fall behind in his studies.
他不想在学习上落到了别人的后面。
事实，而是假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句、让步从句和名词性从句中。
（1） 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法：
条件从句
条件从句的谓语
主句的谓语 表示现在情况 If I(you, he /she, we, they) +动词式
should/would/could/might
+动词原形
表示 分词
should/would/could/might
+have+分词
If I(you, he /she, we, they)
+动词式
表示未来情况
If I(you, he /she, we, they) +should+动词原形 should/would/could/might +动词原形 If I(you, he /she, we, they) + were to +动词原形
下面例句 理解：
① 与现在事实相反：
If I were you, I should do it in another way.
我是你的话，我会用另方法做。
② 与事实相反：
If I had not studied hard , I would have failed in the exam.
假如我学习不那么刻苦，就不会那次考试了。
③ 与将来事实相反：
If you missed(were to miss/should miss)the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it.假如今晚错过了这部电影，你将会感到遗憾的。
（2） 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法：
①在wish后面的宾语从句中，谓语常用式来表示现在的情况，用时表示的情况，用would/could/might + 动词原形来表示将来的情况。如：
I wish that she were here with me and that we weren’t sick.
I wish I had sent the old man to hospital in time.
I wish I could be with you for the next three months.
would rather, as if, it’s time…, what if, if only也有类似用法
②在demand, suggest, order, propose, request, command, insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语通常用should + 动词原形或只用动词原形来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。
She suggested we (should) leave early.
The teacher insisted that the students (should) have a test.
考题档案 1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come(MET94) 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken(MET95) 3. You didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired. A. drove ; didn’t get B. drove ; wouldn’t get C. were driving ;wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got(MET95) 4. - I stayed at a hotel while in |
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