篇一：鄱阳县第一中学2017届高三12月考试英语试卷
鄱阳一中2016-2017学年度上学期高三年级12月考试
英语试卷
第I卷 100分
第一部分 听力 （共两节，每小题1.5分满分30分）
第一节 请听下面5段对话,选出最佳选项。（共5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 1.What does the woman want the man to do?
A.Turn off the radio right away. C.Turn down the radio.
2.How old was the man’s father when he was born?
A.49.
B.50.
C.51.
B.Apologize to the man’s wife.
3.What will the woman probably do next?
A.Ask where she can smoke. 4.How will Jim get there?
A.By subway
B.By bus
C.By car
B.Inviting the man to drink coffee.
5.What is the woman doing?
A.Asking the man for help. 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.What does the woman want to be?
A.A doctor. A.Boring
B.A TV hostess. B.Tiring
C.A writer. C.Interesting
7.What does the man think of writing? 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8.Why doesn’t the man go out for lunch?
A.He doesn’t feel like eating, 9.Where will the woman have lunch?
A.At home
B.In a restaurant.
C.At Mrs.Smith’s home.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10.How do the speakers think of the place?
A.AmazingA.They got hurt A.Read a book
B.A bit disappointing C.Very terrible B.They died in a lake B.Read some news
C.They disappeared. C.Listen to some music
11.What happened to the three children?
12.What will the speakers probably do while fishing? 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Why does the woman want to go to the fashion store?
A.There will be new clothes. cheaper.
14.How long will the woman wait tomorrow morning?
A.For half an hour.
B.For an hour
C.For one and a half
B.Her friends will go there.
C.Clothes there will be
B.He has already cooked some food.
C.He prefers eating much for supper. C.Complaning to the man about her car. C.Go to smoke in the smoking area.
B.Go to bed right away.
hours.
15.What’s the man’s plan for tomorrow morning?
A.To attend a lecture
B.To go shopping
C.To give a lecture.
16.What makes the man worried?
A.That the woman may be sick.
B.That he will be late for his destination
C.That the woman doesn’t listen to him 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17.What newspaper does the speaker love best?
A.The New York Times A.It sells at a high price the weekend
19.What columns of the New York Times does the speaker really love reading?
A.News and Opinions A.33
B.Opinions and Business
C.108
C.Arts and Sports
20.How many Pulitzer Prizes has the Los Angeles Times won?
B.39
第二部分 阅读理解和完形填空（共两节，满分70分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中,选出最佳选项．
A
Donald Gould, a homeless man, was seen playing a moving cover of Styx’s “Come Sail Away” on a public piano that was placed in Sarasota, Florida, as part of the city’s Sarasota Keys Piano Project. The moving performance was caught on camera and uploaded to Facebook where it went viral with more than 2.3 million views and over 93,000 shares.
Gould’s newfound viral fame has certainly come as a shock to the 51-year-old. “I was thinking I could just put my hat on the piano and make a couple dollars and get tips,” Gould said. “I didn’t expect it to jump out to this.”
The 51-year-old, who’s affectionately known as “Boone” to the community, turns out to be a regular on the keys and runs through five songs a day for the public from Billy Joel’s “Piano Man” to Bach’s “Toccata.”
Gould’s piano-playing has delighted people in Sarasota and now the Internet. But there’s a heartbreaking story behind the musician. He first lost his job and then lost his wife and son in 1998. He ended up in Sarasota and began playing music with Paul Lonardo, another musician.
Now, things may be looking up for Gould. Someone who saw the video reached out to local restaurant Surf Shack, which offered to allow the 51-year-old try out for a position as a possible actor for their bar.
Others have also wowed us with their musical performances. A homeless man named Ryan shocked people last year with a beautiful performance on an outdoor public piano in Canada. Similarly, David Allen, another homeless man, shocked people with some wonderful piano playing on a thrift store piano, even moving one listener to tears.
“He started to play, and I choked on my coffee and it started coming out of my nose,” listener James Maynard said. “I had tears coming to my eyes when I saw his fingers go down one end of the piano to the other.”
B.The wall Street Journal
C.USA Today
C.It doesn’t publish on
18.What can we know about USA Today?
B.It was first published in 1982
21. What can we know about Donald Gould?
A. He uploaded his performance to Facebook. B. His performance enjoyed wide popularity on the Internet. C. He teamed up with David Allen to give performances.
D. Donald G
A. gain fame and fortune B. look back on the old good days C. earn some extra money D. relax himself and entertain others 23. The underlined word “wowed” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by _______.
A. exchangedB. shockedC. armedD. linked 24. Who was moved to tears when listening to piano playing?
A. James Maynard. B. Donald Gould. C. David Allen. D. Paul Lonardo.
B Are you tired of Working in Your Country?
With over 500 instructors and 20 years of experience, we are the leader in the field of teaching foreign languages. We now have positions open in Osaka starting September/October 2015 for instructions of English, German, Spanish and French.
◆ Teach many different kinds of classes using the latest technology in small classes of up to 30 students.
◆ Accommodation(住宿), and other necessary documents(文件) will be ready before you leave.
◆ Applicants will teach their first language only. ◆ Excellent teacher training programs.
If you are young with a university degree and are willing to experience different cultures, apply now. Experience in teaching is an advantage but not specially required. Knowledge of the Japanese language is not necessary but good English skills and practical computer knowledge are basic requirements.
Apply with C.V. and send letter to: NOVA France, Mr. Sampy (IHT 3/2) 34, Bd. Haussmann, 75009 Paris, France Fax: 33148014804
Or visit our website: www. teachjp.com
The manager expects to meet and talk with successful applicants in Paris in June and July.
25.What is the purpose of the text?
A．To introduce a language school in Japan. B．To describe working conditions in Japan. C．To hire language teachers to work in Japan.
D．To make clear the requirements for Japanese teachers.
26.We know from the text that those who are going to Japan will _____.
A．teach English only in Osaka B．have free accommodation C．receive a degree from a university
22. Donald Gould performed on the public piano in order to _______.
D．get trained for the job
27.If you want to work in Japan, you should _____.
A．have some working experience B．present good teaching plans C．know how to use computers D．speak several languages
C
Besides being the roof of the world，the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau also has a deep influence on the climate of the world，says a report．
Winds and storms carry huge amounts of sand and dust from one region of the earth to another. Over millions of years,layers of such deposits（沉淀物） gather on the earth’s surface, which are all different from each other. These deposits provide a record of climate that can be read like the pages of a book.“You can dig down into these deposits and read the story of past climate.” Says John E. Kutzbach, a climatologist at the University of Wisconsin—Madison’s Center for Climatic Research.
By studying ancient dust deposits in China, the North Pacific and India Ocean, scientists from China and the United States have made a detailed portrait of the effects that Himalayan Mountains and the great Tibetan Plateau have on the climate of Asia.
They have established that the rise of the towering Himalayas and the nearby Tibetan Plateau was the major driving force behind the Asian monsoons（季候风）, which originated about 8 million years ago.They also suggested that this high altitude region may also have helped set the stage for the Ice Ages that began about 2.5 million years ago.
The mountain chain has created a wall that has blocked rain from the central Asian plains of Mongolia for the past 8 million years. This has helped create the Gobi and Mongolian deserts. This drying-up allowed dust to be carried on prevailing winds （盛行风）from the deserts east to China and beyond where it left a record in both land and ocean deposits. 28.The scientists from China and the United states have______.
A.figured out the past state of Himalayan Mountains and the great Tibetan Plateau B.agreed with the opinion of the climatologist John E. Kutzbach
C.established the relationship between climate and the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau D.connected Himalayan Mountains with the great Tibetan Plateau 29.The high altitude region_____. A.was formed about 8 million years ago B.had a great influence on the climate C.originated from the Asian monsoons D.was the main cause of the Ice Ages
30.According to the passage, which of the following contributed to the desert areas? A.A wall built by our ancestors. B.A lack of rain. C.The central Asian plains D.The deposits.
31.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A.To call on the public to pay more attention to the environment.
B.To tell us how the Himalayas have changed the global climate. C.To explain the process of the formation of Himalayas.
D.To introduce the effect of the Himalayas-Tibetan Plateau on the climate.
D
Here’s a conversation worth talking about: A mother dolphin chatted with her baby…over the telephone! The special call was made in an aquarium (水族馆)in Hawaii, where the mother and her two-year-old baby swam in separate glass containers connected by a special underwater audio link（声音连接）.
“It seemed clear that they knew who they were talking with,” said Don White, who did the experiment.But what were they saying? That’s what Don White and other scientists are trying to find out.
Denise Herzing, who studies dolphins in the Bahamas, believes that dolphins “talk”about everything from basic facts like their age to their feelings. For example, after a dolphin was bullied(欺负)by another one, he would return to the scene the next day with a few friends to harass（骚扰）that dolphin. “It’s as if he communicated to his partners that he needed their help, then led them in search of that one,” says Herzing, who has watched the short conflict.
Kathleen Dudzinski has listened to dolphins for more than 17 years, but she says that she still knows little about what they say. One reason is that the dolphins are fast swimmers who can stay underwater for up to ten minutes between breaths. Another reason is that their language is so dependent on what they’re doing. Think about when you raise a hand to say hello. In other situations, the same gesture can mean good-bye or stop. It’s the same for dolphins.
“I haven’t found one particular dolphin behavior that means the same thing every time you see it”, says Dudzinski. “If you like mysteries and police work, then this is the job for you.”Who knows. A.dolphins know how to make phone calls B.It’s possible to know what dolphins say
C.dolphins know who they are talking to over the phone D.dolphins can chat even without an audio link .
A.dolphins speak mainly when they need help B.dolphins often live in groups to survive C.dolphins fight with each other for food D.dolphins talk about everything
34.In Kathleen Dudzinski’s opinion, understanding the dolphins’language is.
A.impossible C.very difficult
B.very exciting D.very important
A.you may become an expert dolphin trainer in the future B.you may become a good friend of many dolphins in the future C.you may be able to communicate with dolphins in the future D.you may like to talk with dolphins over the telephone. 第二节 （共五小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
篇二：名牌大学农村学生越来越少
名牌大学农村学生越来越少 "拼爹年代"农村孩子有三输
这是一份我们不愿意看到但却已经成了现实的非常高考成绩单：名牌大学里，农村孩子的比例逐年降低。这不是城市化进程加快带来的成就，而是优质教育资源越来越集中的结果。
人们总喜欢把农村孩子考大学称之为鲤鱼跳“农门”，而现在许多人担心，“农门”会越来越高，越来越难以逾越。
名牌大学，农村孩子越来越少
江西财大是省内招考分数最高的大学，今年其省内第一批本科的录取分数，文理科分别比省一本线高出12分和14分。但在近5000名今年招收的新生中，农村学生比例比去年又下降了。江西财大招生处处长曹文利忧虑地说：“近几年来，这一下降趋势一直在持续。”
好大学里，农村孩子越来越少，不仅仅发生在江西财大。这一现象也引起了中央电视台的关注。根据央视报道：中国农大今年第一次出现了农村生源低于30%的现象；清华大学，新生来自于1200所中学，其中县级及以下的中学约三百所，在3300名本科新生中，农村生源仅占1/7；北京大学上世纪80年代中期到1995年，农村学生的比例在30%左右，而最近一些年在10%到15%之间。更有数据显示，上世纪90年代开始，在中国重点大学当中，农村的生源一直在呈一个下降的趋势。
农村就读名牌大学越来越少，是不是城市化进程的效应：参加高考的城市孩子已远远超过了农村孩子造成的？答案是否定的：在今年的全国高考中，农村孩子占到62%。
超级中学，让高考竞争大提前
什么是超级中学？
江西财大招生处处长曹文利给记者提供了一组数据：今年高招中，江西财大在省内招收的近3000名新生中，90%来自于省内39所中学。这些中学给江西财大一本生源的供应数都在25个以上，而临川某中，一个学校的供应数就超过了200个。
这就是超级中学。某高校招生处有关人士更是称之为航空母舰：“为了能得到好的生源，大学都要和这些中学校长搞好关系，加强来往与沟通。”
这些超级中学如大树一般，挤占了县市区的优质教育资源。硬件建设能够得到重点扶持。软件上，一是到处“掐尖”：到别的学校挖尖子生，一般能力的在自己及周边县市区挖，强大的已能在全省深挖广收了；二是抢师资力量，用好待遇挖人，也用“事业”挖人。一般中学的好师资力量，为了待遇，也为了事业争相归附。“好学生都被挖走了，再怎么努力都出不了好成绩，事业心会受挫，家长也不会信任，剩下的路只有投奔那些所谓的好中学了。”一位中学老师这样说。
乐丰中学是乡村级别的高中，去年从民办改为公办。校长熊国平说，2001年，学校还考过县文科状元，现在的情况能考个600分的，已是“天大的喜事”。
乐丰中学在余干县、万年县、鄱阳县三个县城的交界处，在夹缝中求生存。只要成绩有冒尖的，马上被其他学校物色走了。因此每次参加鄱阳县组织的月考，学校都把成绩稍好的学生会留在学校，不让其参加考试，防止“猎头”。
乐丰中学是一所设有高中部、初中部的中学，好的苗子，都吃住在班主任家，一对一辅导。有的学生还是“忘恩负义”，熊国平说，他曾劝留一位成绩冒尖的学生，结果被学生家长“情义重要，还是孩子前程重要”一句话顶回去。
熊国平说，自己初中部稍微“过硬”的学生，都很难留住。他并不否认使用过“非常手段”，那就是扣押未录取重点高中，离录取线只差几分的学生相关证件，迫使其留在本校高中部就读，学生家长总是找到关系，或者告到教育局领导，结果还是无济于事。
“现在乡村高中很难生存，只能剑走偏锋！”熊国平说，学校每年录取的为数不多的二本考生，要么是艺术考生，要么是体育考生。因为在乡村级别的高中的考生基础比较薄弱，也只能在特长生中“拣点芝麻”。
鄱阳县是人口大县，曾经有饶埠镇、谢家滩镇、饶丰镇、珠湖农场等乡村级别的高中，而今这些高中“关门歇业”。饶丰镇中心学校校长孙先娇，学校2004年关闭，仍保留着办高中的资格，至今没有取消，总希望有一天“起死回生”。因为高中老师被私立学校聘请，没有师资，从而学生也一天天减少，这个1957年就创办的高中最终“寿终正寝”。
“尖子生进了省重点，有钱的学生花钱也进了省重点，成绩还算过的去，进了私立中学，享受学费优惠。”孙先娇说，种种原因造成了无生源、无师资。
软硬件都强，占有了优质教育资源的超级中学是应试教育的强者。要想进好大学，先进好中学，已然成为广大家长与社会的共识。这也是为什么这些年，中招工作比高招还要火爆的原因。
某高校负责人坦言，在目前这种招生体制下，我们不具自主权，不能看是城市生涯还是农村生涯，只能看分数。而看分数的结果，就使得超级中学的培养模式得到认可，高考之战，事实上主战场早已移师三年前的中考。
“拼爹年代”，农村孩子有三输
主战场的前移，打了农村孩子个措手不及。
“初中时代，十几岁的娃，情商高点的，还能专心读书，情商发育得慢的，还处在玩的懵懂状态。他们之间的成绩差距原因，与其说是智商，还不如说是懂事的早晚。这也就是为什么女生成绩会普遍好于男生成绩的原因。”某高校招生办人士说，“而就是这样一种状态下，就迎来了命运的分水岭，要么进超级中学，然后进好大学；要么进普通中学，然后进普通大学。”
“没有超级中学之前，这道分水岭在高考。孩子们已到了十八九岁，自治能力增强了，知道了为什么读书，怎样读书，靠自己的天赋与努力的成分多。而提前到初中，在懵懂年代，则家庭的引导作用更加突出。套用句时髦的话：初中是‘拼爹的年代’，不但比拼家庭的经济条件，更比拼家庭的培养环境、培养眼光或者说是决心。”
但残酷的是，这种拼爹法，农村孩子都不具优势。
一输输在经济基础。余小敏，鄱阳县三庙前乡一中初三（3）班毕业生，平时学生成绩属于上游，但在今年中考中只考了559分。而鄱阳县的超级中学鄱阳一中的录取分数线是560分，一分之差，为此要多缴纳2400元的调剂费。家境贫困的余小敏，无奈之下只能选择鄱阳县一所民办高中，他深知这所高中的升学率不高，升学的质量更不好。但他别无选择，他在鄱阳一中要交调剂费，在这所民办高中却还是高分生，是优质生源，学校在学费上还有优惠。
“说心里话，我也特别想进省重点高中鄱阳一中。那里的老师更好、条件更好，付出相同的努力，在民办学校和鄱阳一中取得的成绩肯定是不一样的。”余小敏说此话时，心情显得特别沉重。他特别羡慕学校那些分数比他低的，交得起调剂费能进鄱阳一中的同学。
记者了解到，鄱阳一中调剂费按照每5分一个档次，最低档2400元，每档增加1000元，如果考分是498分（限制的最低分），想就读鄱阳一中，要支付调剂费1.2万元。
而收取调剂费或赞助费，是所有超级中学的通行做法。它把许多农村贫困生挡在门外。
二输输在培养环境。半个月前，丰城市尚庄街办发生了一起治安事件，虽然最终双方没打起来，但却让旁观的尚庄人唏嘘不已：参与双方都是十七八岁的小毛孩，他们的花季岁月本该在校园里度过，现在却在街头喊打喊杀。尚庄人很怀念已经远去了的尚庄高中：那是一所曾经辉煌的乡村高中，更重要的是，她是尚庄年轻人的精神家园。但，自去年送走最后一届毕业生后，尚庄高中停办了。
一位曾在尚庄高中任教的老师说，好苗子都去了丰城中学等中学，留下的学生都不太想学，学风很坏。他认为，学风坏，坏在缺乏好的家庭培养环境。许多孩子的父母都不在身边，外出打工或做生意，缺乏应有的管束，容易沉迷于网吧、游戏室，有些更是受社会不良风气的影响。
留守孩子已经成为农村的一大社会现象。而在青春萌动的岁月里，孩子们最需要的是父母亲的引导。三输输在培养眼光、决心上。丰城市梅林镇梅林村是个尚文的村落，虽然经济状况不是很好，但历来有节衣缩食、举债供孩子读书的传统，但近年来，这一风气在悄然改变。一位村民说，上世纪80年代，村里考上大学的能到省外的国有企业去，上世纪90年代，能到省里的政府部门，2003年之前，就只能到
县里、乡里，而这些年，考上大学毕业后还不一样去打工。同是打工，读完初中就去，省了上大学的读书费还多赚了几年钱。
随着农村经济的发展，能被超级中学调剂费挡在校门外的农村孩子毕竟还是小部分，但出得起钱而不愿出钱的农村家庭却呈上升趋势。在就业难的背景下，读书无用论在农村有所抬头。一些孩子家长已经失去了靠读书改变孩子命运的决心。
均衡教育，让公平的阳光普照
名牌大学的农村孩子越来越少，引发了人们对“寒门难出贵子”的思考。
江西财大招生处处长曹文利说，这背后的根本原因是优质教育资源越来越集中，有所谓的名高中，名初中，名小学，甚至名幼儿园。而这其中，城乡差距的鸿沟不是在缩小，而是在不断扩大。在这场资源的博弈中，寒门家庭基本上没有一点话语权。依靠这一条龙的优质教育资源，中等资质的有条件孩子完全能取得上等资质寒门学子在一般条件教育下的考试成就。论分录取，有条件家庭孩子是赢家。
要拆除这种资源分配不均造成的篱笆，唯有坚定实施教育均衡化战略，从软硬件条件全面均衡各个阶段的学校，特别是消除城乡差距。高招工作也可适当倾斜，向支持民族地区一样，向农村特困户、低保户进行政策倾斜。
有教育专家尖锐指出，目前的超级中学已经衍生成了应试教育的畸形怪胎，一些高中教育产业化的苗头应该引起有关部门的及时关注与引导。别让产业之下，加剧教育资源占有的贫富分化。
篇三：鄱阳县第一中学2017届高三12月考试物理试卷
鄱阳一中2016—2017学年度上学期高三年级12月考试
物理试卷
一、选择题（ 共40分，每小题4分。）
1. 物体做曲线运动时，下列说法中不可能存在的是： ．．．
A．速度的大小可以不发生变化而方向在不断地变化。
B．速度的方向可以不发生变化而大小在不断地变化
C．速度的大小和方向都可以在不断地发生变化
D．加速度的方向在不断地发生变化
2．小球从一定高度处由静止下落，与地面碰撞后回到原高度再次下落，重复上述运动，取小球的落地点为原点建立坐标系，竖直向上为正方向，下列速度v和位置x的关系图象中，能描述该过程的是
3.如图所示，在光滑的水平面上有甲、乙两个木块，质量分别为m1和m2中间用一原长为L、劲度系数为k的轻弹簧连接起来，现用一水平力F向左推木块乙，当两木块一起匀加速运动时，两木块之间的距离是( )
A.L＋m1F（m1＋m2）k
m1Fm2k B．L－（m1＋m2）kD．L－m1FC．L－ m2F m1k
4. 倾角为α、质量为M的斜面体静止在水平桌面上,质量为m的木块静
止在斜面体上。下列结论正确的是 ()
A. 木块受到的摩擦力大小是mgcosα
B. 木块对斜面体的压力大小是mgsinα
C. 桌面对斜面体的摩擦力大小是mgsinαcosα
D. 桌面对斜面体的支持力大小是(M+m)g
5. 如图所示，用完全相同的轻弹簧A、B、C将两个相同的小球连接并悬挂，小
球处于静止状态，弹簧A与竖直方向的夹角为30°，弹簧C水平，则弹簧A、C
的伸长量之比为( ) A.3∶4B.43
C.1∶2
6. 一物体从某高度以初速度v0水平抛出，落地时速度大小为vt，则它的运动时间为：
D.2∶1
22vt?v0vt?v0vt?v0vt?v0A BC D2ggg2g22
7. 如图所示，小物块A与圆盘保持相对静止，跟着圆盘一起作匀速圆周
动，则下列关于A的受力情况说法正确的是
A．受重力、支持力
B．受重力、支持力和指向圆心的摩擦力
C．受重力、支持力、摩擦力和向心力
D．受重力、支持力和与运动方向相同的摩擦力
8．（多选）甲、乙两车在平直公路上同向行驶，其v–t图象如图所示。已知两车在
t=3 s时并排行驶，则（）
A．在t=1 s时，甲车在乙车后
B．在t=0时，甲车在乙车前7.5 m
C．两车另一次并排行驶的时刻是t=2 s
D．甲、乙两车两次并排行驶的位置之间沿公路方向的距离为40 m
9．（多选）如图所示，两质量相等的卫星A、B绕地球做匀速圆周运动，用R、T、
Ek、S分别表示卫星的轨道半径、周期、动能、与地心连线在单位时间内扫过
的面积．下列关系式正确的有
A．TA>TB
C．SA=SB B．EkA>EkB 运33RARBD．2?2 TATB
10.（多选）一质点做匀速直线运动，现对其施加一恒力，且原来作用在质点上的力不发生改变，则（ ）
A.质点速度的方向总是与该恒力的方向相同
B.质点速度的方向不可能总是与该恒力的方向垂直
C.质点加速度的方向总是与该恒力的方向相同
D.质点单位时间内速率的变化量总是不变
二、实验题。（每空2分，共16分）
11.某同学在测量一根粗细均匀合金丝电阻率的实验中，其主要实验步骤为：
①用多用电表测量该合金丝的电阻 ②用刻度尺测出合金丝的长度，用螺旋测微器测出其直径 ③再用伏安法测合金丝的电阻，回答下列问题：
Ⅰ.用多用电表测量合金丝的电阻
(1)开始选用“×10”倍率的电阻挡测量发现多用表指针偏转过大，为使测量比较精确，应将选择开关拨至________倍率的电阻挡。(填“×1”或“×100”)
(2)每次换挡后，需重新________，再进行测量。
(3)测量合金丝的电阻表的指针位置如图1所示，则该合金丝的电阻测量值是________Ω。
Ⅱ.用伏安法测合金丝的电阻并得出电阻率
(1)现有电源(4 V，内阻可不计)，滑动变阻器(0～50 Ω)，电流表(0～0.6 A，内阻约0.125 Ω)，电压表(0～3 V，内阻约3 kΩ)，开关和导线若干。为了减小测量误差，实验电路应采用图2中的________。(选填“甲”或“乙”
)
(2)实验得到的合金丝电阻率ρ测_____合金丝的真实电阻率ρ真。(选填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)
12. 某同学利用图示装置研究小车的匀变速直线运动。
①实验中必要的措施是______。
A．细线必须与长木板平行 B．先接通电源再释放小车
C．小车的质量远大于钩码的质量D．平衡小车与长木板间的摩擦力
②他实验时将打点计时器接到频率为50 HZ的交流电源上，得到一条纸带，打出的部分计
数点如图所示（每相邻两个计数点间还有4个点，图中未画出）。s1=3.59 cm，s2=4.41 cm，s3=5.19 cm，s4=5.97 cm，s5=6.78 cm，s6=7.64 cm。则小车的加速度a=______m/s2（要求充分利用测量的数据），打点计时器在打B点时小车的速度vB=_______m/s。（结果均保留两位有效数字）
三、计算题.（其中第13题9分，第14题10分，第15题10分，第16题15分，共44分） 13 一辆汽车在十字路口等待绿灯，当绿灯亮时汽车以a＝3 m/s的加速度开始行驶，恰在这时一人骑自行车以v0＝6 m/s的速度匀速驶来，从后边超过汽车，试问：
(1)汽车从路口开动后，在追上自行车之前经过多长时间两车相距最远？最远距离是多大？
(2)当汽车与自行车距离最近时汽车的速度是多大？
14．如图所示，一质量为m=2kg的滑块从半径为R=0.2m的光滑四分之一圆弧轨道的顶端A处由静止滑下，A点和圆弧对应的圆心O点等高，圆弧的底端B与水平传送带平滑相接．已知传送带匀速运行的速度为v0=4m/s，B点到传送带右端C点的距离为L=2m．当滑块滑到传送带的右端C时，其
2速度恰好与传送带的速度相同．（g=10m/s），求：
（1）滑块到达底端B时对轨道的压力；
（2）滑块与传送带间的动摩擦因数μ；
（3）此过程中，由于滑块与传送带之间的摩擦而产生的热量Q．
2
15.如图所示，两块厚度相同的木块A、B，紧靠着放在光滑的桌面上，其质量分别为2.0 kg、0.9 kg，它们的下表面光滑，上表面粗糙，另有质量为0.10 kg的铅块C(大小可以忽略)以10 m/s的速度恰好水平地滑到A的上表面，由于摩擦，铅块C最后停在木块B上，此时B、C的共同速度v＝0.5 m/s.求木块A的最终速度和铅块C刚滑到B上时的速度．
16.1(多选)图甲为一列简谐横波在t＝0.10 s时刻的波形图，P是平衡位置在x＝1.0 m处的质点，Q是平衡位置在x＝4.0 m处的质点；图乙为质点Q的振动图象，下列说法正确的是( )
A．在t＝0.10 s时，质点Q向y轴正方向运动
B．在t＝0.25 s时，质点P的加速度方向与y轴正方向
相同
C．从t＝0.10 s到t＝0.25 s，该波沿x轴负方向传播
了6 m
D．从t＝0.10 s到t＝0.25 s，质点P通过的路程为30 cm
E．质点Q简谐运动的表达式为y＝0.10sin 10πt(国际
单位制)
2.单色细光束射到折射率
的透明球表面，光束在过球心的平面内，入射角i=45°.研究经折射进入球内后又经内表面反射一次，再经球面折射后射出的光线，如图所示.(图中已画出入射光和出射光)
(1)在图中大致画出光线在球内的路径和方向.
(2)求入射光与出射光之间的夹角α
.