【课文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn"t know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit
【New words and expressions 生词和短语】
goodwill n. 友好
cricket n. 板球
inclination n. 意愿
contest n. 比赛
orgy n. 无节制的，放荡
deduce v. 推断
competitive adj. 竞争性的
patriotism n. 地方观念，爱国主义
disgrace v. 使丢脸
savage adj. 野性的
combative adj. 好斗的
mimic warfare 模拟战争
behaviour n. 行动，举止
absurd adj. 荒唐的
【课文注释】
1.create goodwill创造友谊
Goodwill is a friendly or helpful attitude towards other people, countries, or organizations.好意、善意、友善。
show goodwill to/towards sb 对某人表示善意。
例句：Given goodwill on both sides, I"m sure we can reach agreement.
若双方均有诚意，我确信我们能达成一致意见。
2.if only the common peoples of the world...，这里if only引导的一个非真实条件句，if only作“要是……就好了”讲。
例句：If only one had an unlimited supply of money!
要是财源不断就好了!
3.have no inclination to do，无意做……，不想做。
A.inclination是incline的名词形式，incline to do sth表示有做某事的意愿、倾向。
例句：I"m inclined to believe him innocent.
我倾向于相信他的无辜。
B.have inclination to do sth
①愿意做、倾向做。
例句：I have little inclination to listen to you all evening.
我可不愿意一晚上都听你说话.
②经常发生的事、趋势。
例句：The car has an inclination to stall on cold mornings.
这辆汽车天冷时早晨常常熄火。
4.deduce...from...，从……推断出……。
例句：From the presence of so many people at the party, we can deduce that it is a welcomed one.
从参加聚会的人数之多我们可以看出，这次聚会是受人欢迎的。
其形容词形式为deducible，表示课推知的。
例句：There is no deducible connection between these two cases.
这两个案件之间没有任何可推论的关系。
5.you play to win.句中的you是泛指人，可译作“人们”。
6.pick up
①become better; improve 好转、改善。
例句：The market always picks up in the spring.
一到春天市场就活跃了。
②start again; continue 重新开始、继续。
例句：We"ll pick up where we finished yesterday.
我们从昨天停止的地方继续进行。
③give sb a lift in a car用汽车搭载某人或接某人
例句：I"ll pick you up at 7 o"clock.
7点钟我开车来接你.
7.arise & arouse辨析
①arise：If a situation or problem arises, it begins to exist or people start to become aware of it.呈现、出现、发生(形势/问题等)，常用主动态。
例句：A new difficulty has arisen.
出现了新困难。
②arouse：If something arouses a particular reaction or attitude in people, it causes them to have that reaction or attitude.引起(某事物)、激发。
例句：Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions.
她不寻常的举动引起我们的猜疑。
8.and, behind the spectators, of the nations，在of the nations前面省略了the attitude。
【参考译文】
当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从具体的事例(例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会)了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。
现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。 在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面对着这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期内如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。
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