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2010年全国硕士生入学模拟考试

英   语

（科目代码：201）

考生注意

1.  考生遵守考场规则。

2.  答题前，考生应按准考证上的内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考”、“考生编号”等信息。

3.  答案按要求涂写或填写在指定的答题卡上。

(1) 英语知识运用和阅读理解A节、B节的答案用2B铅笔涂写在答题卡1上。如要改动，用橡皮擦干净。

(2) 阅读理解C节（英译汉）的答案和作文用蓝（黑）色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔写在答题卡2上。字迹要清楚。

4.考试结束，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中交回。

Section I  Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The subject of physical fitness has received much publicity and a great deal of lip service in recent years. President Bush has issued another   1   to the nation to become alarmed about and to take some   2   to correct the apparently poor   3   of physical well-being in this country.

There is a note of   4   behind this latest call for action to   5   physical fitness. At a time when the nation   6   a growing need for strength in its people   7   in its machines, the record for physical fitness is not one to be   8   of.

The Selective Service system has been   9   one out of each two young men called for   10   in the Armed Forces because of physical, mental, or moral unfitness. Physical unfitness ranks   11  , and it is very likely   12   some of the mental and moral unfitness may be the   13   of the physical problems.

Studies among American youths,  14   comparison with European youths, have been conducted by Dr. Hans Kraus and Dr. Sonja Weber in the Posture Clinic of the New York Hospital. Six   15   for muscular strength and flexibility were given to more than 4,000 American children and to almost 3,000 children in Switzerland, Austria, and Italy. The results show that almost 58% of the American youths   16  one or more of these tests while less than 9% of the European children failed one or more.

  17   physical fitness, or the lack of it, is not a problem confined   18    youth alone. It is an increasing health threat to young adults and middle-aged adults, and we might understand   19   this is true if we take a   20   into the life of Mr. Joe Citizen, middle class suburban dweller, on an ordinary day.

1. [A] call                    [B] law                  [C] code                [D] proposal

2. [A] care                   [B] chance             [C] advantage            [D] action

3. [A] occasion                [B] state               [C] status              [D] situation

4. [A] concept                [B] implication    [C] urgency             [D] indication

5. [A] build                   [B] construct           [C] establish    [D] reinforce

6. [A] meets                 [B] faces              [C] encounters           [D] embraces

7. [A] as well as               [B] as usual as          [C] as urgent as          [D] as much as

8. [A] dependent              [B] worthy             [C] sure               [D] proud

9. [A] objecting               [B] enrolling      [C] rejecting    [D] accepting

10. [A] obligation             [B] duty                [C] responsibility        [D] mission

11. [A] high                 [B] top                [C] low             [D] average

12. [A] whether               [B] if                 [C] that             [D] how

13. [A] fate                    [B] cause              [C] effect             [D] result

14. [A] for                  [B] by               [C] in               [D] from

15. [A] experiments           [B] examinations        [C] trials             [D] tests

16. [A] survived             [B] failed             [C] participated        [D] managed

17. [A] Furthermore          [B] But              [C] Therefore          [D] Moreover

18. [A] in                  [B] with              [C] by               [D] to

19. [A] why                 [B] whether           [C] when              [D] where

20. [A] sight                [B] glance             [C] look             [D] view

Section II  Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

In the past decade, “corporate social responsibility” (CSR) has become the norm in the boardrooms of companies in rich countries, and increasingly in developing economies too. Most big firms now pledge to follow policies that define best practice in everything from the diversity of their workforces to human rights and the environment. Criticism of CSR has come mostly from those on the free-market right, who intone Milton Friedman’s argument that the only “social responsibility of business is to increase its profits” and fret that business leaders have capitulated to political correctness. But in a new twist to the debate, a powerful critique of CSR has just been published by a leading left-wing thinker.

In his new book, “Supercapitalism”, Robert Reich denounces CSR as a dangerous diversion that is undermining democracy. Mr Reich, an economist who served as labour secretary under Bill Clinton and now teaches at the University of California, Berkeley, admits to a Damascene conversion, having for many years “preached that social responsibility and profits converge over the long term”. He now believes that companies “cannot be socially responsible, at least not to any significant extent”, and that CSR activists are being diverted from the more realistic and important task of getting governments to solve social problems. Debating whether Wal-Mart or Google is good or evil misses the point, he says, which is that governments are responsible for setting rules that ensure that competing, profit-maximising firms do not act against the interests of society.

 One after another, Mr Reich trashes the supposed triumphs of CSR. Socially responsible firms are more profitable? Nonsense. Certainly, companies sometimes find ways to cut costs that coincide with what CSR activists want: Wal-Mart adopts cheaper “green” packaging, say, or Starbucks gives part-time employees health insurance, which reduces staff turnover. But “to credit these corporations with being ‘socially responsible’ is to stretch the term to mean anything a company might do to increase profits if, in doing so, it also happens to have some beneficent impact on the rest of society,” writes Mr Reich.

Worse, firms are using CSR to fool the public into believing that problems are being addressed, he argues, thereby preventing more meaningful political reform. As for politicians, they enjoy scoring points by publicly shaming companies that misbehave—price-gouging oil firms, say—while failing to make real changes to the regulations that make such misbehaviour possible, something Mr Reich blames on the growing clout of corporate lobbyists.

21.  In the opening paragraph, “the diversity of workforces” is employed to

[A]    improve corporate culture.

[B]    illustrate corporate social responsibility.

[C]    criticize political correctness.

[D]    standardize corporate norm.

22.  Which of the following statements is true according to the second paragraph?

a)        Supercapitalism might be a book on the exploitation nature of capitalism.

b)        Corporate social responsibility goes hand in hand with democracy.

c)        Mr. Reich’s attitude towards CSR undergoes radical changes.

d)        CSR is to blame for America’s deteriorating democracy.

23.  Wal-Mart and Google are mentioned in the second paragraph primarily to

a)        illustrate the necessity of CSR in developed as well as developing countries.

b)        exemplify the division of labor between governments and enterprises.

c)        criticize profit-maximising companies for avoiding social responsibility.

d)        reveal CSR activists’ inability to get companies to shoulder responsibility.

24.  Which of the following can best express Mr. Reich’s attitude towards the operation by War-mart or Starbucks?

a)        CSR is only a by-product in the process of profit-maximizing.

b)        Socially responsible firms will be more profitable in the long run.

c)        They are socially responsible in spite of endless doubts from the public.

d)        Their central task is to increase profits by using social responsibility as a pretext.

25.  We can learn from the last paragraph that

a)        CSR prevents firms from more meaningful political reforms.

b)        It is the nature of firms to fool the public into believing their sincerity.

c)        politicians have come to realize the importance of regulations.

d)        CSR is being abused by firms so much so that real problems get buried.

Text 2

Just as all politicians favour peace and prosperity, so all companies believe in innovation. A rough league table of the world’s most intellectually creative firms was published this week, when the United States Patent Office issued its annual rankings of who received the most patents in 2005. IBM claimed the top spot for the 13th consecutive year. As in previous years, American firms were the minority on the top-ten list, with Japanese computer and electronics firms dominating.

Strikingly, half of the firms in the top ten were absent from the list a decade ago, showing that the world of innovation is fluid, Microsoft failed to break into the top ten—but with over 13,000 applications pending, it seems bound to get there soon. For now, the firm ranks 18th.

Topping the patent list can be a badge of pride. But garnering a plethora of patents does not necessarily mean that a firm is hugely innovative: the brute number says nothing about the value of the inventions. Fewer than 10% of patents have economic worth. In fact, an increasing number of patents are of dubious merit—and their vigorous assertion can seem a bit like extortion. The infringement case against the maker of BlackBerry wireless e-mail devices will ultimately rest on whether the patents are even valid.

While the European Union frequently berates itself because EU companies register few patents compared with their American peers, many Americans now believe that patents—which let the holders exclude rivals from using a technique for around 20 years—are being issued too freely. As the number of patents grows, even many of the technology firms that rely most on intellectual property have come to believe that the system needs thorough reform.

Part of the reason for the increase in seemingly illegitimate patents is that America’s patent office (like most others) is flooded with applications. It now takes around three years for a patent to be approved, and today’s backlog of 500,000 is expected to double by the end of the decade unless there are big changes. Annual legislative proposals by Congress stall. Meanwhile, over the past decade the number of patents grew by almost two-thirds, while the amount of patent litigation roughly doubled—fuelled in part by software patents. In 2005 the number of patents issued declined by 12% from a year earlier, though it is unclear if this is a sign that the patent office is working more slowly, or getting stricter.

26.  In the first paragraph, “league table” most probably refers to

a)        popularity chart.

b)        ranking list.

c)        estimated percentage.

d)        honour roll.

27.  In the second paragraph, “the world of innovation is fluid” means

a)        there’s no end in innovation.

b)        patents are not equivalent to innovation.

c)        the criteria for judging innovation are changing.

d)        no company can presume to maintain leadership forever.

28.  It can be learned from the third paragraph that

a)        the vast majority of patents do not bring economic benefits.

b)        the more patents a firm obtains, the more creative the firm is.

c)        the maker of the Blackberry wireless email devices will win the lawsuit.

d)        whoever violates others’ patent rights are sure to get punished.

29.  The decline of patents in 2005 in America

a)        suggests that firms are not enthusiastic about patents.

b)        is the result of rising standard for approval of a patent.

c)        is an unanswered question which leaves much room for thought.

d)        shows that it will take more time to get a patent approved.

30.  It can be inferred from the text that in the paragraphs to follow, the author will

a)        explain why the number of patents are on the decline in 2005.

b)        exemplify the complicated process of approving a patent.

c)        predict which country is bound to take the lead in receiving patents.

d)        reveal what initiatives will be undertaken to improve the examination process.