英语议论文阅读

时间：2017-03-11 来源：东星资源网本文已影响人手机版

英语议论文阅读

议论文体裁概述：议论文是作者(原文来自：wWW.DxF5.com 东星资源网:英语议论文阅读)对某个问题或某件事情进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或是驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。

议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是文章要表达的主要思想内容；论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，只要是对证明论点有利的材料都可以为作者所用；确定了论点和论据材料后，作者还需要将这些论据合理地组织在一起，就是我们所说的论证。

议论文阅读技巧：要想读懂议论文、理解作者的写作意图，关键在于是否能够把握议论文的三要素。首先，论点是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场，找准论点有助于把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵；理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义；论据是作者组织、运用论据的手法。论证方法多种多样，常见的有: 驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。英语议论文在表达上多使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等的结构，如since, now that(既然)， therefore(因而)，consequently(因此)，accordingly(因此)，hence(因而)，in case(在那种情况下)。还有些常用句型比如 followsthat??(因而????)，If??,we may conclude truethat??，but??(诚然????,但是????)，Even if??(即使????)等。同学们在阅读的时候可以通过寻找关键词语表达来快速搜索需要的信息。

议论文的设题类型及解答：议论文常见的设题方式有：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、作者观点态度题等。主旨大意题主要考察读者对议论文全篇思想内容的理解；细节理解题虽然可以通过直接的查找的方法找出答案，但要注意选项中与文章的细微差别，避免扩大、缩小或误读作者的本意；推理判断题和作者观点态度题的解答一般是建立在对议论文中心立场的基本把握上，在此基础上推断出作者的“言外之意”和未言明的思想内涵。这些题型的题干表达方式主要有：主旨大意题 besttitle passageshould mainidea authormentions followingdoes discuss?推理判断题 particularlywritten tellus author"sattitude toward authorsays hereally means Everyyear, approximately 1.6 billion tons soilflows YellowRiver, China"s second longest river. soilcontains materials naturalbalance area.Over time, soilhas been removed, which has caused serious erosion landalong someareas ShanxiProvince, hasdestroyed almost all hasforced many local farmers otherareas. hugejob controlYellow River erosion. Many people believe bestdone internationalorganizations. You may agree thinkagain. youwho have mostimportant role stoppingYellow River erosion. Did you know canbuy you tree,which helpmake soil stay richsoil, local farmers can grow crops earnfrom crops,farmers buy goods developlocal economies. Still puzzled how your yuancan have so much effect? Well, just take factbelow. Since 1997, tree-plantingprogramme has changed JiuchengongValley InnerMongolia greenhomeland. Visitors from all over worldnow come greatachievement. What programmehas greatly improved localpeople. Just think, all 5yuan!So when you have 5yuan yourpocket next time, think twice about how money.Remember you can use greenfuture ourmotherland, our people yourself.(选自北京师范大学出版社《普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语4》--- Unit 10) passagemainly tells us soilhas flowed YellowRiver everyoneshould take action helpmake soil stay government"swork controlYellow River erosion yuanhelped Jiuchengong Valley change greenhome land 解析：该题目考查同学们对文章主要思想内容的把握，是一道主旨大意题。从第一段的几个关键词 "soil""removed""erosion"可以看出文章的话题是有关黄河水土流失的，但这并非是文章的主要内容。从第二段"Many people believe bestdone thinkagain."可以看出作者对于防止水土流失提出了个人见解--不仅仅是政府和国际组织的职责，每个人都可以为保持水土尽自己一份力，并且在下文对该观点进行了充足的论证，同时也表明C 选项错误。D 选项是作者援引用以论证观点的例证，也非文章主旨。因此，B 项正确。

passage,which followingstatements soilcan keep naturalbalance. Farmerscan make controlYellow River erosion. tree-plantingprogramme someareas. 解析：这是一道细节理解题。题目问根据文章内容，哪个选项不正确的。从文章第一段"The soil contains materials naturalbalance area."可知选项A正确。选项B 来自于第三段。该段说用5 所说的农民用5元钱便可维持生计，则有断章取义之嫌。C 选项来源于第一段首句，D 选项来源于最后一段，内蒙古的九成宫村就是成功的范例。因此B 为正确选项。

advertisingboom, people seeinghigh standards visualdesign. Modern advertisements must stand out worldfull higheststandards ideaslinked makethem more attractive. example,some advertisements may suggest carcan make you free. car.Other common ideas include happiness, wealth advertisingitself. (选自北京师范大学出版社《普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语4》--- Unit 11) Wecan infer from youown car,you own freedom oldconcepts betterthan new ones ideaslinked productsdetermine highstands visualdesign linkingideas successful解析：题目问从篇章中能推出以下哪个结论。文中"For example"一句说“汽车能使人变得更加自由”，是指汽车给人们出行带来的便利，选项A将这个概念模糊化为“拥有汽车就拥有自由”显然没有理解原文的真正含义。最后一句话中提到了汽车广告中通常使用的“概念”，但并没有说这些旧的概念就一定比新概念要更有优势，B 项不正确。C 项说产品相关概念决定了广告的成败则与文中“Modern advertisements must stand out??by combining??with??”的表述不符，现代广告要想在竞争中取胜必须把广告设计与产品概念相结合，同时具备这两个因素的广告策划则一定能取得成功，D 项正确。

Becausewe have so much choosefrom, many companies storesoffer advice about what we should eat. Books, magazines televisionshows tell us about food pillswe should buy becomesmarter, healthier morebeautiful. probablybetter, however, wespend our time buyinggood food balanceddiet. weeat healthy food rightamounts, we do buyany supplements. samegoes "crashdiets" somecompanies say makeus lose weight fast. Instead eatingexpensive diet food unhealthydiets, we can simply try eatless fat exercisemore. (选自人民教育出版社《全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修）--英语第一册（下）》Unit 13) author"sattitude towards adviceoffered variousmedia? Unmentioned解析：这是一道观点态度题，题目问作者对于各类媒体提出的意见的看法。通过"It probablybetter, however, we??,we do buyany supplements."和最后一句话"Instead eatingexpensive diet food exercisemore."我们可以得知，如果我们购买优质的食物、均衡饮食或者少吃脂肪、糖，多锻炼，就不必购买营养品。可见，作者对于媒体的促销式宣传是持否定态度的，故选B。