Section ¢ñ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854.Nurseries were established in various areas during the 1 half of the 19th century; most of 2 were charitable.Both in Europe and in the U.S., the dayª²nursery movement received great 3 during the First World War, when 4 of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women.In some European countries nurseries were established 5 in munitions(¾ü»ð) plants, under direct government sponsorship.6 the number of nurseries in the U.S.also rose 7 , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind.During the years following the First World War, 8 , Federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 9 the day nurseries, chiefly by 10 them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.

The 11 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 12 called up on to replace men in the factories.On this 13 the U.S.government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 14 $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers.Many states and local communities 15 this Federal aid.By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 1,000,000 children were being cared 16 in daycare centers receiving Federal 17.Soon afterward, the Federal government 18 cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 19 them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation.However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 20 at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.

1.\[A\] latter\[B\] other\[C\] late\[D\] first

2.\[A\] those\[B\] them\[C\] whose\[D\] which

3.\[A\] impetus\[B\] input\[C\] imitation\[D\] initiative

4.\[A\] sources\[B\] abundance\[C\] shortage\[D\] reduction

5.\[A\] hardly\[B\] entirely\[C\] only\[D\] even

6.\[A\] Because\[B\] As\[C\] Since\[D\] Although

7.\[A\] unanimously\[B\] sharply\[C\] predominantly\[D\] militantly

8.\[A\] therefore\[B\] consequently\[C\] however\[D\] moreover

9.\[A\] over\[B\] in\[C\] at\[D\] about

10.\[A\] formulating\[B\] labeling\[C\] patenting\[D\] licensing

11.\[A\] outset\[B\] outbreak\[C\] breakthrough\[D\] breakdown

12.\[A\] again\[B\] thus\[C\] repeatedly\[D\] yet

13.\[A\] circumstance\[B\] occasion\[C\] case\[D\] situation

14.\[A\] regulating\[B\] summoning\[C\] allocating\[D\] transferring

15.\[A\] compensated\[B\] facilitated\[C\] supplemented\[D\] expanded

16.\[A\] about\[B\] after\[C\] of\[D\] for

17.\[A\] pensions\[B\] subsidies\[C\] revenues\[D\] budgets

18.\[A\] prently\[B\] furiously\[C\] statistically\[D\] drastically

19.\[A\] abolished\[B\] diminished\[C\] jeopardized\[D\] precluded

20.\[A\] nurseries\[B\] homes\[C\] jobs\[D\] children

Section ¢ò Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Text1

As a young bond trader, Buttonwood was given two pieces of advice, trading rules of thumb, if you will: that bad economic news is good news for bond markets and that every utterance dropping from the lips of Paul Volcker, the then chairman of the Federal Reserve, and the man who restored the central bank¡¯s credibility by stomping on runaway inflation, should be respected than Pope¡¯s orders.Today¡¯s traders are, of course, a more sophisticated bunch.But the advice still seems good, apart from two slight drawbacks.The first is that the wellª²chosen utterances from the present chairman of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan, is of more than passing difficulty.The second is that, of late, good news for the economy has not seemed to upset bond investors all that much.For all the cheer that has crackled down the wires, the yield on tenª²year bondsª²which you would expect to rise on good economic newsª²is now, at 4.2%, only twoª²fifths of a percentage point higher than it was at the start of the year.Pretty much unmoved, in other words.

Yet the news from the economic front has been better by far than anyone could have expected.On Tuesday November 25th, revised numbers showed that America¡¯s economy grew by an annual 8.2% in the third quarter, a full percentage point more than originally thought, driven by the everª²spendthrift American consumer and, for once, corporate investment.Just about every other piece of information coming out from special sources shows the same strength.New houses are still being built at a fair clip.Exports are rising, for all the protectionist crying.Even employment, in what had been mocked as a jobless recovery, increased by 125,000 or thereabouts in September and October.Rising corporate profits, low credit spreads and the biggestª²ever rally in the junkª²bond market do not, on the face of it, suggest anything other than a deep and longª²lasting recovery.Yet Treasuryª²bond yields have fallen.

If the rosy economic backdrop makes this odd, making it doubly odd is an apparent absence of foreign demand.Foreign buyers of Treasuries, especially Asian certral banks, who had been swallowing American government debt like there was no tomorrow, seem to have had second thoughts lately.In September, according to the latest available figures, foreigners bought only $5 6 billion of Treasuries, compared with $25.1 billion the previous month and an average of $38.7 billion in the preceding four months.In an effort to keep a lid on the yen¡¯s rise, the Japanese central bank is still busy buying dollars and parking the money in government debt.Just about everyboby else seems to have been selling.

21.The advice for Buttonwood suggests that.

£ÛA£Ý Paul Volcker enjoyed making comments on controlling inflation

£ÛB£Ý the Federal Reserve has an allª²capable power over inflation control

£ÛC£Ý economy has the greatest influence upon the daily life of ordinary people

£ÛD£Ý the economic sphere and bond markets are indicative of each other

22.The word ¡°passing¡±(Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means.

£ÛA£Ý instant£ÛB£Ý trivial£ÛC£Ý simple£ÛD£Ý negligible

23.Which of the following is responsible for the rapid economic growth in the US?

£ÛA£Ý Domestic consumers.£ÛB£Ý Foreign investments.

£ÛC£Ý Real estate market.£ÛD£Ý Recovering bond market.

24.According to the last paragraph, most Asian central banks are becoming.

£ÛA£Ý rather regretful£ÛB£Ý less ambitious

£ÛC£Ý more cautious£ÛD£Ý speculative

25.The phrase ¡°keep a lid on¡±(Line 6, Paragraph 3) most probably means.

£ÛA£Ý put an end to£ÛB£Ý set a limit on

£ÛC£Ý tighten the control over£ÛD£Ý reduce the speed of

Text2

Pressure is mounting on Ahold¡¯s embattled supervisory board following the Dutch grocery group¡¯s decision to pay its new chief executive more than C= 10m to lead its recovery from a ruining accounting scandal.

Anders Moberg¡¯s pay packageª²and the timing of its disclosure at a shareholder meeting last weekª²has confronted Ahold with a new credibility crisis as it struggles to restore confidence after the C=970m ( $1 bn) scandal.

The disputeª²evident in a sea of critical media comment in the Netherlands at the weekend threatens to divert management from its recovery strategy, built on significant divestments and a likely rights issue to reduce C=11bn in net debt.Units deemed unable to attain first or second position in food retail within three to five years will immediately be put up for sale.

The board¡¯s position appears all the more delicate following comments made by Mr.Moberg to the Financial Times, in which he criticized nonª²executive directors for ignoring his advice to disclose his salary in May, when he agreed his contract.

Instead Ahold waited more than four months to make the announcement, on the day shareª²holders were asked to approve Mr.Moberg¡¯s appointment.

¡°I was the one who said I liked transparency, and I had hoped £Ûthe supervisory board£Ý had shown £Ûthe salary package£Ý in May to avoid a situation like this,¡± Mr.Moberg told the FT.As the row prompted the leftª²leaning Dutch Daily to call for a boycott of Ahold¡¯s Dutch Albert Heijn supermarket chain where only last week Ahold announced 440 redundanciesª²it was clear the supervisory board had badly misjudged the reaction.

While Henny de Ruiter, supervisory board chairman, said the salary was a fair reflection of what a company in Ahold¡¯s unfavorable circumstances had to pay to attract a top manager,furious investors accused it of pushing through the package regardless of investor opinion.

Furthermore, Dutch media commentators noted that the scandal at Ahold had been the trigger for the Dutch government to appoint a commission to strengthen corporate governance.

That commission has recommended a limit on executive bonuses, far below the potential twoª²and aª²half times annual salary that Mr.Moberg could earn.

Meanwhile, Mr.Moberg is trying to distance himself from the row and focus on strategy.He told the FT that measures had already been taken to raise its stake in the ICAª²Ahold joint venture in Scandinavia.

Ahold had included in its forecasts an amount necessary to buy the shares of either of its joint venture partners, who should exercise a ¡°put option¡± and sell their stake from April 2004.

26.The decision on Anders Moberg¡¯s pay package has.

£ÛA£Ý incurred much criticism from the shareholders

£ÛB£Ý helped restore public confidence in Ahold

£ÛC£Ý saved the supervisory board from another crisis

£ÛD£Ý put pressure on the new chief executive

27.The recovery strategy by Ahold¡¯s management includes.

£ÛA£Ý avoiding the next accounting scandal

£ÛB£Ý diverting investment to other fields

£ÛC£Ý issuing rights to more retailers

£ÛD£Ý selling the retailers with poor performance

28.Anders Moberg thought that if his salary had been announced earlier,.

£ÛA£Ý the board¡¯s position would have become less difficult

£ÛB£Ý he would have agreed to the contract with Ahold

£ÛC£Ý more time could have been devoted to his recovery plan

£ÛD£Ý the shareholders wouldn¡¯t have strongly opposed

29.Before the scandal at Ahold, the executive bonuses in Dutch companies.

£ÛA£Ý were higher than what Moberg earned

£ÛB£Ý were regulated by a commission

£ÛC£Ý were not monitored by the government

£ÛD£Ý were not set by corporate management

30.According to Moberg¡¯s recovery strategy, Ahold will.

£ÛA£Ý sell its stake to other joint venture companies

£ÛB£Ý buy shares of its Scandinavian partners

£ÛC£Ý choose to put money in its chain shops in Scandinavia

£ÛD£Ý exerc ise its potential influence on partners

Text3

We¡¯re moving into another era, as the toxic effects of the bubble and its grave consequences spread through the financial system.Just a couple of years ago investors dreamed of 20 percent returns forever.Now surveys show that they¡¯re down to a ¡°realistic¡±8 percent to 10 percent range.

But what if the next few years turn out to be below normal expectations? Martin Barners of the Bank Credit Analyst in Montreal expects future stock returns to average just 4 percent to 6 percent.Sound impossible? After a much smaller bubble that burst in the midª²1960s Standard & Poor¡¯s 5000 stock average returned 6.9 percent a year (with dividends reinvested) for the following 17 years.Few investors are prepared for that.

Right now denial seems to be the attitude of choice.That¡¯s typical, says Lori Lucas of Hewitt, the consulting firm.You hate to look at your investments when they¡¯re going down.Hewitt tracks 500,000 401 (k) accounts every day, and finds that savers are keeping their contributions up.But they¡¯re much less inclined to switch their money around.¡°It¡¯s the slotª²machine effect,¡± Lucas says.¡°People get more interested in playing when they think they¡¯ve got a hot machine¡±ª²and nothing¡¯s hot today.The average investor feels overwhelmed.

Against all common sense, many savers still shut their eyes to the dangers of owning too much company stock.In big companies last year, a surprising 29 percent of employees held at least three quarters of their 402 (k) in their own stock.

Younger employees may have no choice.You often have to wait until you¡¯re 50 or 55 before you can sell any company stock you get as a matching contribution.

But instead of getting out when they can, old participants have been holding, too.One third of the people 60 and up chose company stock for three quarters of their plan, Hewitt reports.Are they inattentive? Loyal to a fault? Sick? It¡¯s as if Lucent, Enron and Xerox never happened.No investor should give his or her total trust to any particular company¡¯s stock.And while you¡¯re at it, think how you¡¯d be if future stock returnsª²averaging good years and badª²are as poor as Barnes predicts.

If you ask me, diversified stocks remain good for the long run, with a backup in bonds.But I, too, am figuring on reduced returns.What a shame.Dear bubble, I¡¯ll never forget.It¡¯s the end of a grand affair.

31.The investors¡¯ judgment of the present stock returns seems to be.

£ÛA£Ý fanciful£ÛB£Ý pessimistic£ÛC£Ý groundless£ÛD£Ý realistic

32.In face of the current stock market, most stockª²holders.

£ÛA£Ý stop injecting more money into the stock market

£ÛB£Ý react angrily to the duing stock

£ÛC£Ý switch their money around in the market

£ÛD£Ý turn a deaf ear to the warning

33.In the author¡¯s opinion, employees should.

£ÛA£Ý invest in company stock to show loyalty to their employer

£ÛB£Ý get out of their own company¡¯s stock

£ÛC£Ý wait for some time before disposing of their stock

£ÛD£Ý give trust to a particular company¡¯s stock

34.It can be inferred from the text that Lucent, Enron and Xerox are names of.

£ÛA£Ý successful businesses

£ÛB£Ý bankrupted companies

£ÛC£Ý stocks

£ÛD£Ý huge corporations

35.The author¡¯s attitude towards the longª²term investors¡¯ decision is.

£ÛA£Ý positive£ÛB£Ý suspicious£ÛC£Ý negative£ÛD£Ý ambiguous

Text4

The real heroine of the novel stands at one remove to the narrative.On the face of it, readers are more likely to empathize with, and be curious about, the mysterious and resourceful slave, Sarah, who forms one point of an emotional triangle.Sarah is the property of Manon, and came with her to a failing Louisiana sugar plantation on her marriage to the goodª²forª²nothing, bullying owner.But Manon¡¯s husband is soon struck by Sarah, and the proof lies in their idiot small son, Walter.

However, the reader is forced to see things through Manon¡¯s eyes, not Sarah¡¯s, and her consciousness is not a comfortable place to be.Never a please or a thank you passes her lips when talking to slaves, though manners is the order of the day in white society.Manon is enormously attracted by interª²racial marriage (for the place and time¡ªthe early 19th century¡ªsuch a concern would not be unusual, but in her case it seems pathological).Walter, with ¡°his father¡¯s curly red hair and green eyes, his mother¡¯s golden skin, her full, pushingª²forward lips¡±, is the object of her especial hatred, but she chatters on about all the ¡°dreadful mixedª²blooded¡±, the objectionable ¡°yellow¡± people.

Beyond Manon¡¯s polarized vision, we glimpse ¡°free negros¡± and the emerging black middleª²class.To Manon¡¯s disgust, such people actually have selfª²respect.In New Orleans buying shoes, Manon is taken aback by the shopkeeper¡¯s lack of desired respect.Mixed race prostitutes acquired the affections of male planters by giving them something mysterious their wives cannot often What that might be, and why wives can¡¯t offer it too, are questions Manon can¡¯t even ask, let alone answer.

The first third of the book explores the uneasy and unsustainable peace between Manon, Sarah and the man always called just ¡°my husband¡± or ¡°he¡±.Against the background of violent slave revolts and equally savage revenges, it¡¯s clear the peace cannot last.It¡¯s part of the subtlety of this book that as the story develops and the inevitable explosion occurs, our view of all the characters swiftly changes.Sarah turns out to deserve all the suspicion Manon directs at her; at the point of death Manon¡¯s husband displays an admirable toughness and courage; and Manon herself wins the reader¡¯s reluctant admiration for her bravery, her endurance, and her total lack of selfª²pity.

Perhaps the cruelest aspect of this society is the way it breaks down and distorts family affections.A slave¡¯s baby is usually sold soon after birth; Sarah¡¯s wouldª²be husband, if he wants her, must buy her; and Manon herself, after all, is only the property of her husband.

36.Which of the following reflects Manon¡¯s attitude towards colored people?

£ÛA£Ý Sympathetic.£ÛB£Ý Suspicious.£ÛC£Ý Concerned.£ÛD£Ý Disgusted.

37.It can be inferred from the text that the novel is written.

£ÛA£Ý with a mobile point of view£ÛB£Ý with a limited third person singular

£ÛC£Ý from Manon¡¯s perspective£ÛD£Ý from Sarah¡¯s eye as a slave

38.According to Manon, black people should.

£ÛA£Ý emerge as free middle class citizens

£ÛB£Ý behave submissively towards the whites

£ÛC£Ý have selfª²respect in the mixed race marriage

£ÛD£Ý learn to offer more affection to their wives

39.We learn that as the story develops.

£ÛA£Ý readers will think differently of all the characters

£ÛB£Ý Manon¡¯s husband will win back her admiration

£ÛC£Ý the emotional crisis will be swiftly resolved

£ÛD£Ý all the suspicion will be proved against Sarah

40.From the text we learn that.

£ÛA£Ý Manon¡¯s husband is a nameless but bullying person

£ÛB£Ý Manon is the real heroine who deserves readers¡¯ sympathy

£ÛC£Ý Sarah is in fact smarter than her master Manon

£ÛD£Ý Walter is a proof of the mixed race prostitution

Part B

Sample One

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41ª²45, choose the most suitable one from the list Aª²G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic.The first regards art and the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moral good, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but as objects unto themselves.It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locate the value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it.(41).

The extrinsic approach, adopted in modern times by Leo Tolstoy in Chto takoye iskusstvo? (1896; What Is Art?), has seldom seemed wholly satisfactory.Philosophers have constantly sought for a value in aesthetic experience that is unique to it and that, therefore, could not be obtained from any other source.The extreme version of this intrinsic approach is that associated with Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, and the French Symbolists, and summarized in the slogan ¡°art for art¡¯s sake.¡± (42).

Between those two extreme views there lies, once again, a host of intermediate positions.We believe, for example, that works of art must be appreciated for their own sake, but that, in the act of appreciation, we gain from them something that is of independent value.(43).

The analogy with laughterª²which, in some views, is itself a species of aesthetic interestª²introduces a concept without which there can be no serious discussion of the value of art: the concept of taste.(44).

Similarly, we regard some works of art as worthy of our attention and others as not.In articulating this judgment, we use all of the diverse and confusing vocabulary of moral appraisal; works of art, like people, are condemned for their sentimentality, coarseness, vulgarity, cruelty, or selfª²indulgence, and equally praised for their warmth, compassion, nobility, sensitivity, and truthfulness.(The same may apply to the object of natural beauty.) Clearly, if aesthetic interest has a positive value, it is only when motivated by good taste; it is only interest in appropriate objects that can be said to be good for us.(45).

£ÛA£Ý Thus a joke is laughed at for its own sake, even though there is an independent value in laughter, which lightens our lives by taking us momentarily outside ourselves.Why should not something similar be said of works of art, many of which aspire to be amusing in just the way that good jokes are?

£ÛB£Ý All discussion of the value of art tends, therefore, to turn from the outset in the direction of criticism: Can there be genuine critical uation of art, a genuine distinction between that which deserves our attention and that which does not? (And, once again, the question may be extended to objects of natural beauty.)

£ÛC£Ý Art is held to be a form of education, perhaps an education of the emotions.In this case, it becomes an open question whether there might not be some more effective means to the same result.Alternatively, one may attribute a negative value to art, as Plato did in his Republic, arguing that art has a corrupting or diseducative effect on those exposed to it.

£ÛD£Ý Artistic appreciation, a purely personal matter, calls for appropriate means of expression_r_r.Yet, it is before anything a process of ¡°cultivation¡±, during which a certain part of one¡¯s ¡°inner self¡± is ¡°dug out¡± and some knowledeg of the outside world becomes its match.

£ÛE£Ý If I am amused it is for a reason, and this reason lies in the object of my amusement.We thus begin to think in terms of a distinction between good and bad reasons for laughter.Amusement at the wrong things may seem to us to show corruption of mind, cruelty, or bad taste; and when it does so, we speak of the object as not truly amusing, and feel that we have reason on our side.

£ÛF£Ý Such thinkers and writers believe that art is not only an end in itself but also a sufficient justification of itself.They also hold that in order to understand art as it should be understood, it is necessary to put aside all interests other than an interest in the work itself.

Sample Two

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41ª²45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list Aª²G to fill in each numbered box.The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

[A] Is that what the American viewing public is getting? Perhaps 10% of primeª²time network programming is a happy combination of entertainment and enrichment.There used to be televisionª²movies rich in human values, but they have now become an endangered species.I find television too much concerned with what people have and too little concerned with who they are, very concerned with taking care of No.1 and not at all concerned with sharing themselves with other people.All too often it tells us the half truth we want to hear rather than the whole truth we need to hear.

[B] Why is television not more fully realizing its humanizing potential? Is the creative community at fault? Partially.But not primarily.I have lived and worked in that community for 32 years, as both priest and producer.As a group, these people have values.In fact, in Hollywood in recent months, audience enrichment has become their thing.A coalition of media companies has endowed the Humanitas Prize so that it can recognize and celebrate those who accomplish it.

[C] Every good story will not only captivate its viewers but also give them some insight into what it means to be a human being.By so doing, it can help them grow into the deeply centered, sovereignty free, joyously loving human being God made them to be.Meaning, freedom and love are the supreme human values.And this is the kind of human enrichment the American viewing public has a right to expect from those who make its entertainment.

[D] The problem with American TV is not the lack of storytellers of conscience but the commercial system within which they have to operate.Television in the U.S.is a business.In the past, the business side has been balanced by a commitment to public service.But in recent years the fragmentation of the mass audience, huge interest payments and skyrocketing production costs have combined with the FCC¡¯s abdication of its responsibility to protect the common good to produce an almost total preoccupation with the bottom line.The networks are struggling to survive.And that, the statistics seem to indicate, is mindless, heartless, escapist fare.If we are dissatisfied with the moral content of what we are invited to watch, I think we should begin by examining our own consciences.When we tune in, are we ready to plunge into reality, so as to extract its meaning, or are we hoping to escape into a sedated world of illusion? And if church leaders want to elevate the quality of the country¡¯s entertainment, they should forget about boycotts, production codes and censorship.They should work at educating their people in media literacy and at mobilizing them to support quality shows in huge numbers.

[E] It is not a question of entertainment or enrichment.These are complementary concerns and presuppose each other.The story that entertains without enriching is superficial and escapist.The story that enriches without entertaining is simply dull.The story that does both is a delight.

[F] That is the only sure way to improve the moral content of America¡¯s entertainment.

[G] Despite questions of the motivation behind them, the attacks by the President and the Vice President on the moral content of television entertainment have found an echo in the chambers of the American soul.Many who reject the messengers still accept the message.They do not like the moral tone of American TV.In our society only the human family surpasses television in its capacity to communicate values, provide role models, form consciences and motivate human behavior.Few educators, church leaders or politicians possess the moral influence of those who create the nation¡¯s entertainment.

Order:

G¡ú

41ª±¡ú

42ª±¡ú

43ª±¡ú

44ª±¡ú

45ª±¡ú

F

Sample Three

Direction£º

You are going to read a text about the season for relief£¬ followed by a list of examples.Choose the best example from the list Aª²F for each numbered subheading £¨41ª²45£©.There is one extra example which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.£¨10 points£©

Winter¡¯s harsh weather£¬ shorter hours of daylight and family demands can all aggravate feelings of stress.According to Dr.Paul Rosch£¬ president of the American Institute of Stress£¬ one Midwestern headache clinic reported that complaints of tension and migraine headaches increased 40 percent from Thanksgiving to Christmas£¬ compared with other sixª²week periods during the year.

Many physicians are now trained in techniques to relieve tension and stress.But which strategies do they themselves use£¿ Here top health professionals reveal their favorite stressbusters.Six in all£¬ they are£º

£¨41£© Soothe with food.When nutritional biochemist Judith Wurtman is stressed out£¬ she does what a lot of people do this time of year£º she reaches for food.But in her case£¬ it¡¯s a healthy rice cake or two.

£¨42£© Run from your problem.Dr.Kenneth H.Cooper handles his own stress with a daily afterª²work run.

£¨43£© Check your perspective.Driving in for a busy day as a MayoClinic stressª²management expert£¬ psychologist John Taylor saw the oilª²maintenance light pop on in his minivan.He faced a nonstop schedule of patients and had to pick up his threeª²yearª²old after work.¡°I felt myself tense up£¬¡±recalls Taylor£¬ who then tried his quick stressª²busting strategy.He asked himself£¬ Is this a matter of life or death£¿ No.The oil could safely be changed the next week.

£¨44£© Look to the light side.On his way to the hospital where his father was to undergo surgery£¬ author and educator Joel Goodman shared a hotel courtesy van with the anxious relatives of several patients.The driver began telling his stressedª²out passengers a few jokes.¡°Then he did some magic tricks that had my mother and me laughing£¬¡±Goodman says.¡°In that fiveª²minute ride he taught us that humor can relieve our stress.¡±The surgery was successful.

£¨45£© Take a timeout.A major cause of anxiety is an overloaded schedule.It¡¯s one source of stress you can ward off by preparing ahead.

Say a little prayer.Psychologist and medical scientist Joan Bprysenko of Boulder£¬ Colo.£¬ maintains that since most people spend too much time agonizing over the past or worrying about the future£¬ the key to lessening stress is learning how to live emotionally in the present.

¡°It helps to have some ritual to do this£¬¡±says Borysenko.For her the most relaxing ritual is¡°each morning when I pray.¡±Prayer has been shown to reduce the impact of stress hormones such as noradrenaline and adrenaline.

But remember£¬ says Borysenko£¬ doctors can¡¯t turn on their patient¡¯¡°internal healing system¡±.That inner clam is up to you.So you¡¯re sick of stress£¬heal thyself.

[A] Williams counts himself among the 20 percent of adults whose susceptibility to anger is high enough to threaten their health.But everyone can try his approach to handling the stressors that set anger off¡ªand it needn¡¯t be in a work environment.

[B] ¡°Aerobic exercise is the best way to dissipate stress and make the transition into family time£¬¡±says the expert.But£¬ he cautions£¬ don¡¯t let exercise itself become a stress.Even moderate activity¡ªsuch as a daily 30 minute walk can improve health and mood.¡°That¡¯s why I tell my patients to be sure to walk their dog every day£¬¡±he says with a chuckle£¬¡°even if they don¡¯t have one.¡±

[C] ¡°My research suggests that carbohydrates raise levels of the moodª²regulating brain chemical serotonin£¬ which exerts a calming effect on the entire body£¬¡±says the M.I.T research scientist.¡°So symptoms of stress¡ªsuch as anger£¬ tension£¬ irritability and inability to concentrate¡ªare eased.¡±

[D] He tells patients to do only those tasks that would have serious consequences if left undone.¡°Will you die if you don¡¯t do the laundry£¿¡±he asks.Taking at least half an hour a day to do something you enjoy£¬ he notes£¬ lets you recharge you batteries.Especially around the holidays£¬skip some routine chores to make time for family and friends.

[E] When cardiologist Ray Rosenman was associate chief of medicine at San Francisco¡¯s Mount Zion Hospital£¬ he would block off half an hour a day on his schedule.¡°If an emergency came up£¬ I moved patients into that slot£¬¡±says Rosenman£¬ coª²author of Type A Behavior and Your Heart.¡°Or used that halfª²hour to return calls or go through my mail.You can¡¯t control everything£¬ but you can control your schedule to create some breathing space for yourself.¡±

[F] He was so moved by his experience that he researched laughter¡¯s power.¡°A good laugh relaxes muscles£¬ lowers blood pressure£¬ suppresses stressª²related hormones and enhances the immune system£¬¡±he says.In his workshops he tells clients to ask themselves how their favorite comedian would see this stressful situation.

Sample Four

Directions£º

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about explorations into maple lores.Choose the most suitable heading from the list Aª²F for each numbered paragraph £¨41ª²45£©¡£ The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.£¨10 points£©

[A] The influence of maples on the Canadian culture.

[B] The token of maples in Canada.

[C] Contemplation of global distribution of maples.

[D] The triumph of Nokomis over the devils with the help of maples.

[E] The popularity of the maple in a favorite myth.

[F] The maple signals the approach of fall.

The maple smoke of autumn bonfires is incense to Canadians.Bestowing perfume for the nose£¬ color for the eye£¬ sweetness for the spring tongue£¬ the sugar maple prompts this sharing of a favorite myth and original etymology of the word maple.

41ª±

The maple looms large in Ojibwa folk tales.The time of year for sugaringª²off is¡°in the Maple Moon.¡±Among Ojibwa£¬ the primordial female figure is Nokomis£¬ a wise grandmother.In one tale about seasonal change£¬ cannibal wendigosª²creatures of evil¡ªchased old Nokomis through the autumn countryside.Wendigos throve in icy cold.When they entered the bodies of humans£¬ the human heart froze solid.Here wendigos represent oncoming winter.They were hunting to kill and eat poor Nokomis£¬ the warm embodiment of female fecundity who£¬ like the summer£¬ has grown old.

42ª±

Knowing this was a pursuit to the death£¬ Nokomis outsmarted the cold devils.She hid in a stand of maple trees£¬ all red and orange and deep yellow.This maple grove grew beside a waterfall whose mist blurred the trees¡¯outline.As they peered through the mist£¬ slavering wendigos thought they saw a raging fire in which their prey was burning.But it was only old Nokomis being hidden by the bright red leaves of her friends£¬ the maples.And so£¬ drooling ice and huffing frost£¬ the wendigos left her and sought easier prey.For their service in saving the earth mother¡¯s life£¬ these maples were given a special gift£º their water of life would be forever sweet£¬ and Canadians would tap it for nourishment.

43ª±

Maple and its syrup flow sweetly into Canadian humor.Quebeckers have the standard sirop d¡¯erable for maple syrup£¬ but add a feisty insult to label imitation syrups that are thick with glucose glop.They call this sugary imposter sirop de Poteau¡°telephoneª²pole syrup¡±or dead tree syrup.

44ª±

The contention that maple syrup is unique to North America is suspect£¬ I believe.China has close to 10 species of maple£¬ more than any country in the world.Canada has 10 native species.North America does happen to be home to the sugar maple£¬ the species that produces the sweetest sap and the most abundant flow.But are we to believe that in thousands of years of Chinese history£¬ these inventive people never tapped a maple to taste its sap£¿ I speculate that they did.Could Protoª²Americas who crossed the Bering land bridge to populate the Americas have brought with them a knowledge of maple syrup£¿ Is there a very old Chinese phrase for maple syrup£¿ Is maple syrup mentioned in Chinese literature£¿ For a nonª²reader of Chinese£¬ such questions are daunting but not impossible to answer.

45ª±

What is certain is the maple¡¯s holdfast on our national imagination.Its leaf was adopted as an emblem in New France as early as 1700£¬ and in English Canada by the midª²19th century.In the fall of 1867£¬ a Toronto schoolteacher named Alexander Muir was traipsing a street at the city£¬ all squelchy underfoot from the soft felt of falling leaves£¬ when a maple leaf alighted to his coat sleeve and stuck there.At home that evening£¬ he wrote a poem and set it to music£¬ in celebration of Canada¡¯s Confederation.Muir¡¯s song£¬¡°The Maple Leaf Forever£¬¡±was wildly popular and helped fasten the symbol firmly to Canada.

The word¡°maple¡±is from¡°mapeltreow¡±£¬ the Old English term for maple tree£¬ with¡°mapl¡±¡ªas its Protoª²Germanic root£¬ a compound in which the first¡°m¡±¡ªis£¬ I believe£¬ the nearly worldwide¡°ma¡±£¬ one of the first human sounds£¬ the pursing of a baby¡¯s lips as it prepares to suck milk from mother¡¯s breast.The¡°ma¡±root gives rise in many world languages to thousands of words like¡°mama¡±£¬¡°mammary¡±£¬¡°maia¡±£¬ and¡°Amazon.¡±Here it would make¡°maplª²¡±mean¡°nourishing mother tree£¬¡±that is£¬ tree whose maple sap in nourishing.The second part of the compound£¬¡°aplª²¡±£¬ is a variant of Indoª²European able¡°fruit of any tree¡±and the origin of another English fruit word£¬ apple.So the primitive analogy compares the liquid sap with another nourishing liquid£¬ mother¡¯s milk.

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

Gandhi¡¯s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings.(46)Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results.Gandhi¡¯s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists.Satyagraha, (47)the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of nonª²violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred.It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like.Gandhi objected to ¡°passive resistance¡± as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujarati, it seems, the word means ¡°firmness in the truth¡±.(48)In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcherª²bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914ª²1918.Even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides.Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (49)indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins.Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions.In relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer was: ¡°What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting to war?¡± (50)I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the ¡°you¡¯re another¡± type.But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr.Louis Fischer¡¯s Gandhi and Stalin.According to Mr.Fischer, Gandhi¡¯s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which ¡°would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler¡¯s violence.¡±

Section ¢ó Writing

Part A

51.Directions:

Suppose Wang Ming, one of your friends, is ill.Write a letter of consolation.Your letter should include:

1) your purpose of writing this letter

2) your true feeling and best wishes

You should write about 100 words.Don¡¯t sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use ¡°Li Hong¡± instead.You don¡¯t need to write the address.(10 points)

Part B

52.Directions:

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay to

1£© describe the drawing£¬

2£© deduce the purpose of the painter of the drawing£¬ and

3£© suggest counterª²measures.

You should write about 160ª²200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2¡£ £¨20 points£©