阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇幅短文后有5道题，每题材后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择最佳答案涂在答题卡的位置上。

　　Technology Transfer in Germany

　　When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.

　　Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.

　　Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.

　　While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.

　　Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heindch Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

　　31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?

　　A Technology transfer.

　　B Good management.

　　C Hard work.

　　D Fierce competition.

　　32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?

　　A It is free.

　　B It is profit-driven.

　　C It is widely available.

　　D It is curiosity-driven.

　　33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in

　　A Asia.

　　B USA.

　　C Europe.

　　D Africa.

　　34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?

　　A In 1940.

　　B Last year.

　　C Afterthe unification.

　　D In 1949.

　　35 The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by

　　A "experts".

　　B "scientists".

　　C "scholars".

　　D "special knowledge".

　　31. A　　32. B　　33. C　　34. D　　35. D

　　31. A 文章的段句说在把的应用到工业领域，几乎那个能和德国相提并论。还可以段最后一句话理解可知答案选A, 德国的繁荣主要是把科学技术应用到了工业领域

　　32. B 文章段句话，可知答案选B。

　　33. C 文章最后一段句话了答案。

　　34. D 同上，从文章最后一段句话可找到答案。

　　35. D 文中说科学领域源源的新思想和“expertise”, 它的意思应该与新思想是同类的东西。而且“experts”是指专家，能手; “scientists”是指科学家;“scholars”是指学者，奖学金者。答案选D。