篇一：《生态脚印》阅读答案
种说法：人口是定时炸弹。人口爆炸是人类面临的最大问题，至2050年，地球人口将会多至90亿到100亿。目前，世界人口有60多亿，至今世界人口每年增加7800万，估计到2012年世界人口就会达到70亿。于是不断有人问：人口如此增长下去，地球承受得了吗？答案要从两个方面来谈，如果光从地球面积来看，地球是承受得了的，仅仅一个欧洲就可以再接受和安置67.5亿人。问题是人活在世界上要吃饭、穿衣、住房、出行、工作、消费、耗能、排污和释放二氧化碳&&光用地球面积来分配是不科学的，必须用生态脚印的概念来评估。②生态脚印是指按今天的生产条件，一个人在上述要求得到满足的情况下所需要的地球（陆地和海洋）面积，其单位是公顷。因为每个人的生活要求、标准和习惯是不一样的，所以生态脚印的大小也就不一样。一个群体、一个民族、一个国家可以算出一个平均的生态脚印。 生态脚印越大，表示人类消耗的资源越多。根据全球脚印网和欧洲环境局所提供的数据，地球能提供的生态脚印是每人1.8公顷，但按目前人类的消耗，每人的生态脚印是2.2公顷，显然，一个地球已经不够用了。而每个国家的生态脚印也不一样，如美国公民的平均生态脚印是9.7公顷、英国5.6 公顷、欧盟成员国平均4.7 公顷、巴西2.1 公顷、中国1.6 公顷、印度0.7 公顷&&如果全世界都像印度人民那样节约能源，地球让100亿人吃饱饭是没问题的；倘若世人的生态脚印都和美国人的一样大，那我们今天就需要3个地球了。
③世界自然基金会日前发表的《生命地球报告》显示，在过去20年的时间里，人类消耗自然
资源的速度，已经超过了大自然再造资源的速度。报告警告说，如果这种状态不发生改变，整个地球的生态系统就面临着在本世纪中叶发生大规模崩溃的危险。
④扩张生态脚印的后果不止如此，它还会导致地球生物的多样性以前所未有的速度被破坏。
在过去的一个世纪，野生动物栖息地减少速度最快的是草地、河流冲击形成的草场、大草原和赤
道干旱森林。这些地方多数被人类开垦成了农田或养殖牲畜的草场。
⑤生态脚印的概念首先由马克西斯·瓦克纳格尔和威廉·E里斯于1994年提出，随之得到世界公认。2003年，瓦克纳格尔创建全球脚印网，从事拯救地球、保护环境、保护资源的工作。
⑥人类正在辛苦地寻找第二个地球，梦想能否成为现实，什么时候成为现实，不知道。我们能
做的是保护好现有的地球，地球人共同行动起来控制人口快速增长，尽量调整生活习惯，节约使
用地球资源——保护人类自己。
14.第①自然段中加点的估计一词能否去掉？为什么？（3分）
15.阅读全文，说说一味地扩张生态脚印的危害是什么？（2分）
16.文中画线句用了什么说明方法？其作用是什么？（3分）
17.读完文章，你认为应怎样做才能保护现有的地球和人类自己？（请写出两个具体的做法）（4分）
参考答案：
（三）14．（3分）不能，估计是指大概的预计，表示句中的的数字是推测而来，并不是确切的，去掉语言就不准确了。
15. （2分）整个地球的生态系统就面临着在本世纪中叶发生大规模崩溃的危险还会导致地球生物的多样性以前所未有的速度被破坏
16. （3分）列数字，用数字准确地说明了人类消耗的资源多，一个地球已经不够用了。
17. （4分）做法要具体，不能用文中原句回答。
篇二：英语阅读理解训练--生态环保类(附答案)
t">生态环保类(一)
The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the
worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water
shortages.
Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed.
Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.
This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.
Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.
1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that________.
A. much of the world's water is available for use
B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky
C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered
D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world
2. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.
B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.
C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.
D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.
3. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A. Steps to improving water use management.
B. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams. C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages. D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.4. The text is mainly about________.A. water supply and increasing populationB. water use management and agricultureC. water redistribution and wildlife protectionD. water shortages and environmental protection
(二)(2010·辽宁高考)
It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.
Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own ，and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around，and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached，and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn't last long.
The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children
getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides (杀虫剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been useless.
They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
Now，the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
1. From Paragraph 1，we learn that the villagers________.
A. worked very hard for centuries
B. dreamed of having a better life
C. were poor but somewhat content
D. lived a different life from their forefathers
2. Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?
A. The frogs were easy money.
B. They needed money to buy medicine.
C. They wanted to please the visitors.
D. The frogs made too much noise.
3. What might be the cause of the children's sickness?
A. The crops didn't do well.
B. There were too many insects.
C. The visitors brought in diseases.
D. The pesticides were overused.
4. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?
A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.
B. Health is more important than money.
C. The harmony between man and nature is important.
D. Good old days will never be forgotten.
(三)
We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away
polluting oceans，killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to 1000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution.
The 16yearold Canadian high school student，Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate Institute, has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(分解) in as few as 3 months，a
finding that won him first prize at the Canada－Wide Science Fair，a $10 000 prize，a $20 000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.
Burd's strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by microorganisms (微生物). If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.
With this goal in mind, he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted(调制) a solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母) and tap water to encourage microbes growth. Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally，he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags，exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed (暴露) to the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the control after six weeks.
“Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags. The answer：not much. So I decided to do something myself.”said Daniel Burd.
1. Daniel Burd won first prize at the Canada－Wide Science Fair because________.
A. he found a new kind of microorganism
B. he contributed much to environmental protection
C. he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter time
D. he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way
2. Daniel Burd exposed one plastic sample to dead bacteria to
________.
A. make the live bacteria work better
B. test how effective his method was
C. know which bacteria worked faster
D. control the temperature in the process
3. Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because ________.
A. plastics can get hot easily
B. microbes can produce heat themselves
C. much carbon dioxide is produced
D. the temperature can be controlled
4. Daniel Burd got his idea from ________.
A. his school textbook
B. the failure of researchers
C. his everyday work
D. the practice of other people
(四)(2010·山东烟台检测)
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few
years，and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world's leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London's flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has
protected the city from the threat of flooding，but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 21 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals，an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London's flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six??week period in July and August 2008，more than 11400—mainly elderly
people—died in France from dehydration (脱水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air??conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is
considered a short??term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions.
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”， which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air??conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal??fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Big Cities Facing Big Disasters
B. Big Disasters in the Future
C. The Increase of Natural Disasters
D. Solutions to Natural Disasters
2. What problem should be settled now in London?
A. How to protect the city's property.
B. Where to build its flood defences.
C. How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.
D. How to improve the function of the old flood defences.
3. Which of the following measures can't solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A. Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B. Having air??conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C. Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”．
篇三：《儒家“天人合一”中的生态文明思想》语文阅读答案
类遵循人、自然、社会和谐发展这一客观规律而取得的物质与精神成果的总和。是人与自然、人与人、人与社会和谐共生、良性循环、全面发展、持续繁荣为基本宗旨的文化伦理形态。生态文明不仅是经济、政治和社会发展的重大问题，同时也是一个哲学问题，它是人类促进可持续发展和延续生存而开创的一个新的文明形态。中国传统文化中蕴藏着丰富的生态文明思想，儒家“天人合一’’学说是其中的代表，它是中国古代具有代表性的思想观念，也是当代生态文化建设的基础。 儒家关于天的解说，是一种生命哲学，天的根本意义是“生’’，是万物和人类生命之源。正是在充分肯定天(自然界)生命价值意义的前提下，讲究天道人伦化和人伦天道化，讲求人与自然的融合统一，和谐共处，以仁爱之心对待自然，彰显了深厚的人文精神。儒家认为，在自然界，天、地、人、物不是各自独立、相互对峙的系统，而是不同差异的统一，彼此之间有着不可分割的联系。在这个统一体中，各安其位，各遂其性，各得其所。儒家“天人合一’’学说，给了我们诸多启示。 要以自然界为“本”，不能把人类凌驾于自然界之上。自然界是人类赖以生存的家园，虽然天地之间“人为贵”，但不能以此强调人类中心论，把人类凌驾于自然界之上，主宰自然界。人之所以为贵，贵就贵在人有社会性和主体性，有思虑忧患意识，而不是贵在对自然界实行为所欲为的任意宰割和索取。否则，将会受到自然规律和法则的惩罚。 要对自然界科学地开发利用，既保护好生态环境，又可持续发展。儒家的“天人合一’’学说，并不是否定对自然界的开发利用，而是在遵循自然界为生命之源的前提下，开发利用。如荀子强调对自然界的开发利用要“适时”而“有节”，决不能违背自然界的生命规律，乱砍、乱伐、乱采，无节制地、掠夺性地开发利用。这些主张对于我们今天实施环境保护国策，可持续发展，仍具有借鉴启迪的意义。 要弘扬中国传统文化中的生态文明思想，搞好生态文明建设。中国传统文化中蕴藏着丰富的生态文明思想，闪烁着生态文明智慧的光芒。除儒家“天人合一”学说外，道家强调人们的行动、作为，要以尊重自然规律为最高准则，倡导“天地与我并生，而万物与我为一’’的境界。佛家在人与自然的关系上，认为万物是佛性的统一，众生平等，把“勿杀生”奉为“五戒”之首，表现出慈悲为怀的生态伦理精神。因此，一些西方生态学家认为生态伦理应该进行“东方转向’’。1988年，75位诺贝尔奖得主集会巴黎，提出“如果人类要在21世纪生存下去，必须回到两千五百年前去吸取孔子的智慧’’。西方深层生态学的代表人物奈斯说：“今天我们需要的是一种极其扩展的生态理想，我称之为生态智慧。”生态智慧重建的不仅是自然生态平衡，更要重建人的精神生态和整个文明生态的平衡。蕴含生态文明思想的科学发展观的提出，是与汲取中华优秀传统文化密不可分的。我们要以科学发展观为指导，认识和掌握自然规律，科学地开发利用自然，既保护好生态环境，又实现可持续发展。 (《湖北省文化研究会·论文精选》有删改)6．关于“生态文明”的表述，下列说法正确的一项是 A．生态文明是指人类建设和谐社会所应遵循的人与自然和谐发展的客观规律和文化伦理形态。 B．生态文明以促进人与自然、人与人、人与社会和谐共生、良性循环、全面发展和持续繁荣为基本宗旨。 C．生态文明是关系到人类可持续发展和人类延续生存的文明形态，包含着经济、政治和社会发展等哲学问题。 D．生态文明是蕴含于中国传统文化中、以儒家“天人合一”思想为基础，协调人类社会各种关系的古文化形态。 7．对“天人合一”的理解与认识，下列表述不正确的一项是 A．“天人合一”讲究天道人伦化和人伦天道化，讲求人与自然的融合统一，仁爱之心是万物和人类生命的根源。 B．自然界是人类赖以生存的家园，人类以自我为中心，凌驾于自然界之上，必然会受到自然规律和法则的惩罚。 C．人类只有遵循自然界的生命规律，适时、有节地开发利用自然界，才能有效保护生态环境，促进可持续发展。 D．搞好生态文明建设，需要弘扬儒家的“天人合一”的思想，在肯定“天”的生命价值意义的前提下彰显人文精神。8．下列理解和分析，符合原文内容的一项是 A．儒家“天人合一”学说中蕴藏着丰富的生态文明思想，代表了中国传统文化的最高成就。 B．儒家认为，在自然界中，天、地、人、物各安其位、各得其所，既相互独立又相互依存，有着密切的联系。 C．西方生态学家奈斯认为，生态伦理应该进行“东方转向”，从孔子那里汲取中国传统文化的智慧，重建生态智慧。 D．科学发展观汲取了中华优秀传统文化的精华，蕴含着生态文明思想，是我们科学开发利用自然、实现可持续发展的指南。 参考答案：