主旨大意题 ?常见命题形式： What does the writer mainly tell us? What?蒺s the best title for this passage?
?干扰项：可能是文中的某个具体事实或细节／可能是从文中某些（不完全的）事实或细节片面推断出的错误结论／可能属于非文章事实的主观臆断。
?正确选项：根据文章或段落进行全面归纳概括，不能太笼统或是以偏概全、言过其实。
例：
Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.
【分析】 此文没有主题句，全篇共四句话，只陈述了四个细节性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。考生只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是Ｃ。
词义猜测题
?常见命题形式：
The word“...” in paragraph... can best be replaced by...
The expression “...” is closest to...
According to the passage, the phrase “...” suggests...
?解题方法：
①同义法 词或是短语之间用并列连词and/or连接起来，说明该两项内容在含义上是接近的或是递进的，由此可以推测。
②反义法 前句肯定，后句否定，或是像hot and cold, give and receive等，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
③释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以说明。
④情景推断法
⑤代词替代法
例：
Most women in Ghana――the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved (应得的).
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”?
A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick
【分析】 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的(educated)和没有受过教育的(illiterate)，住在城市的(urban)和住在农村的(rural)，年轻的(young)和年长的(old)，正好是一对对反义词。故答案为C。
推理判断题
?常见命题形式：
We can conclude from the passage that...
Which of the following can be inferred(推论)?
Where would this passage most probably appear?
What is the tone of the author?
What is the purpose of this passage?
?解题方法：
①运用文段所叙述或描绘的事件背景提供的信息进行推理判断
②运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断
③紧扣主题或话题，避免掉入细节事实的陷阱
④注意文段中信息的科学性，运用已有的科学常识和学科知识进行推理判断
⑤代词替代法
例：
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
……
William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities-science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?
What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?
A. Further application of science to war.
B. More reading of William Shakespeare.
C. Proper use of science in the new century.
D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.
【分析】 从原文第一段可知全篇文章主要讲科学的发展给人类所带来的好与坏。文章的最后一段中提出了3个问题：科学一定是这样吗？好坏总是形影相随吗？我们生理上就编好了战争的程序吗？可见如果作者继续写仍旧会写有关科学的内容，并且要能回答以上三个问题。所以C新世纪科学的正确运用是最佳答案。
（作者单位：江西省八一中学）