篇一：山东各市中考物理试题
="txt">第Ⅱ卷(选择题)1 2．下列各种物质微粒中，空间尺度最小的是
A．分子 B．原子
C．原子核 D．夸克
13．电视机的遥控器用红外线来传递信息，实现对电视机的控制。如右图所示，不把遥控器对准电视机的控制窗口，按一下按钮，有时也可以控制电视机。这是利用了
A．光的直线传播 B．光的反射
C．光的折射 D．光的色散
14．1648年，帕斯卡曾做过一个著名的实验。如右下图所示，在装满水的密闭木桶的桶盖上，插入一(本文来自：Www.dXF5.com 东星资源 网:山东省中考试题)根细长的管子，然后在楼房阳台上向细管子里灌水，结果只用几杯水就把木桶压裂了。该实验说明影响水产生压强大小的因素是
A．水的深度 B．水的体积
C．水的质量 D．水的密度
1 5．泉城四季，风景迥异。无论是一朵花、一个麦穗，还是一粒沙、一片雪花?世间万物皆由大量分子组成。下列现象能说明分子在永不停息运动的是
A．春：微风拂过，花香袭人 B．夏：暖风阵阵，麦浪翻滚
C．秋：狂风乍起，黄沙漫天 D．冬：寒风凛冽，漫天飞雪
16．下图所示是一些与用电安全相关的现象，其中符合安全用电原则的是
17．物理知识广泛应用于生产和生活实际中，下图所示的器具应用到电磁感应现象的是
18．右图为高速摄影机拍摄的子弹射过柿子的照片。若子弹的平均速度是900m／s，则子弹穿过柿子的时间大约为
A．0．1minB．0．1s
C．0．1ms D．0．1μs
19．体积的相等的实心铜球和实心木球在水平地面上以相同的速度做匀速直线运动，铜球的动能为Ek铜木球的动能为Ek木。已知铜的密度大于木头的密度，则
A．Ek铜 ﹥Ek木B．Ek铜 ﹦Ek木
C．Ek铜 ﹤Ek木D．无法判断
20．透过放大镜观看周围的物体时发现，近处的物体是正立、放大的，而稍远处的物体是倒立、放大的，更远处的窗户则是倒立、缩小的。针对这一现象，同学们经过讨论形成了下面四个问题。你认为最有探究价值且易于探究的科学问题是
A·物体通过凸透镜所成的像都有哪些种类?
B·凸透镜的成像情况与哪些因素有关?
C.凸透镜在什么条件下能成什么样的像?
D.凸透镜的成像情况与物、镜间的距离有何关系?
21·右图所示的电路中，甲、乙、丙是连接在电路中的三只电学仪表。闭合开关S后，灯Ll、L2均正常发光。则
A．甲是电流表，乙、丙是电压表
B．甲是电压表，乙、丙是电流表
C．乙是电流表，甲、丙是电压表
D．乙是电压表，甲、丙早电流表
22·沾上灰尘的衣服，用手轻轻拍打几下，就干净多了。小刚用下面的四句话解释了这一过程：①灰尘与衣服分离落向地面，衣服便于净了。②一手拿着沾有灰尘的衣服，用另一只手轻轻拍打。③灰尘由于具有惯性，继续保持原来的静止状态。④衣服受力后运动状态发生改变，由静止运动起来。
这四句话最合理的排列顺序是
A．②③④① B．②③①④ C.②④①③ D．②④③①
二、多项选择题(本大题共4小题．每小题3分，共12分，每小题给出的四个选项中，至少 有两个选项符合题目的要求)
23．教室是同学们在校期间学习生活的主要场所。以下为教室内的有关数据，其中较为符合实际的是
A．一支做作业用的新铅笔的质量约为十几克
B．一位同学站立时对地面压力一般为几百牛
C．感到较舒适的室内温度大约二十几摄氏度
D．一只照明用日光灯的额定电流约零点几安
24．关于飞机空中加油、飞行、通讯及舱内照明灯，下列叙述正确的是
A．正在空中加油的受油机相对于加油机是静止的
B．机翼上下方所受的压力差形成了飞机向上的升力
C．飞机与地面间的通讯是通过超声波来传递信息的
D．舱内照明用LED灯的核心元件用半导体材料制成
25．某混合动力型汽车的动力装置由汽油发动机和电动机组成。一般情况下，蓄电池为电动机供电，由电动机提供动力；当需要较大动力时，由汽油发动机和电动机共同提供动力；当汽车制动减速时，电动机还可作为发电机为蓄电池充电。关于该车动力装置在工作时的能量转化情况，以下分析正确的是
A．汽油发动机做功冲程把内能转化为机械能
B．电动机在提供动力时把电能转化为机械能
C．发电机为蓄电池充电把电能转化为化学能
D．制动减速发电的过程中把内能转化为电能
26．某报刊登题为“房子?穿衣戴帽? 屋里冬暖夏凉”的文章，对济南高科技住宅项目进行深度报道，揭开了高科技住宅的“神秘面纱”。实际上，该项目运用的物理原理并不是很深奥。以下是小梅看完报道后运用所学知识进行的分析，其中正确的是
A．使用镀膜中空玻璃实现了室内“降噪”，是在声音的传播过程中减弱噪声
B．送风过程通过加湿、除湿实现了室内“恒湿”，运用了升华和凝华的知识
C．通过与地下土壤热交换实现了室内“恒温”，时通过热传递改变空气内能
D．采用太阳能热水系统实现了住宅“低碳”，所利用的太阳能是可再生能源
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)
三、非选择题(本大题共l 8小题，共94分)
【物理部分】
27．(4分)作为“济南泉水节”主题活动之一的济南第14届龙舟大赛将于201 3年7月中旬在大明湖景区举办。赛龙舟时，龙舟上传来的阵阵鼓声是由于鼓面的______________________而产生的；全体划桨手在鼓声的号令下有节奏地齐力向后划水，龙舟就快速前进直奔终点，这是因为力的作用是______________________的。
28．(4分)小明学习了机械能的知识后，利用橡皮筋、木板、瓶盖等制作了右图所示的抛掷乒乓球的装置。使用时，将乒乓球装入瓶盖，用手指按下抛掷杆，这时橡皮筋被拉长(图甲)，
这个过程中抛掷杆干相当于一个______________________ (选填“省力杠杆”“费力杠杆”或“等臂杠杆”)；当松开手指，乒乓球被抛出(图乙)，这个过程中橡皮筋的______________________转化为乒乓球的动能。
29·(4分)报纸上有一篇题为“电器待机?偷电?多少，你知道吗?”的文章，配有右图所示的一幅插图。图中正在使用一种叫“电力监测仪”的测量工具对计算机显示器进行测量。小明根据插图中“电力监测仪”显示屏显示的内容判断出此时测量的是显示器的______________________ (填写物理量名称)。小明还注意到插图边的文字说明存在科学性错误，正确的文字说明应该是：“显示器待机______________________"。
30．(4分)为了纪念物理学家为物理学发展做出的突出贡献，物理学中常把一些物理学家的名字规定为物理量的单位，这样的物理量几乎遍及物理学的各个分支。请仿照下面的例
31．(3分)当二传手将重2.7N的排球托起后，排球由于惯性在空中继续向上运动。在左下图中画出排球受到的重力的示意图。
32．(3分)小强家在装修时，某个房间内需安装电灯和电扇各一个。在右上图的虚线框内已给出了进入该房间的火线和零线，请设计并画出该房间的电路图(电扇用电动机的符号表示)。
33．(8分)一箱饮品放在水平地面上，如右图所示。其包装箱上标识的相关名词含义如下： “毛重”是包装箱及其内部所有物品的总质量；“净含量”是包装箱内所装饮品的总质量；“数量”是每瓶内饮品的体积及包装箱内饮品的瓶数； “尺寸”是包装箱的长度×宽度×高度。请根据包装箱上标识的内容，通过计算回答(取g=10N／kg)：
(1)这箱饮品对地面的压力多大?
(2)这箱饮品对地面的压强多大?
(3)该箱内所装饮品的密度多大?
(4)饮品包装箱上印有多种标志，右下角的标志是“堆码重量极限”，它表示允许压放在该箱饮品上的货物的最大质量。请利用所学物理知识解释包装箱设置“堆码重量极限”的原因。
34．(8分)小明发现自己家汽车照明大灯的灯泡内有两根灯丝，一根是功率较小的近光灯丝(主要用于照亮前方较近的路面)，另一根是功率稍大的远光灯丝(主要用于照亮前方较远的路面)。当控制手柄拨到“近光”位置时，近光灯丝正常发光；当控制手柄拔到“远光”位置时，近光灯丝和远光灯丝同时正常发光。该灯泡上标有“l2V 60W／54W”的字样，通过计算回答：
(1)当控制手柄拨到“近光”位置时，通过近光灯丝的电流多大?
(2)近光灯丝正常发光时的电阻多大?
(3)小明爸爸驾车在郊区道路上行驶，将控制手柄拨到并保持在“远光”位置5分钟，这段时间内一个照明大灯消耗的电能是多少焦?
(4)说明这种灯泡内两根灯丝在电路中的连接方式，并简述理由。
篇二：2014山东中考英语试题及答案集(精选12市)
txt">菏泽市二○一四年初中学业水平考试英 语 试 题
注意事项：
1．本试题分第I卷和第II卷两部分。第I卷1－6页为选择题，55分；第II卷7－10页为非选择题，45分；共100分。考试用时100分钟。
2．答第I卷前务必将自己的姓名、考号、考试科目及试卷类型涂写在答题卡上。考试结束后，试题和答题卡一并收回。
3．第I卷每题选出答案后，都必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号（A、B、C或D）涂黑。如需改动，必须先用橡皮擦干净，再改涂其它答案。
第I卷（选择题 共55分）
一、英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Doing lots of listening practice is one of ________ best ways of becoming ________ good language learner.
A. the; the
B. the; a
C. 不填; a C. it
D. the; 不填 D. one D. problem
2. We decide to make ________ a rule for us room-mates to turn off the lights at 10:30 pm.
A. that B. this A. advice
3. My teacher gave me much ________ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.
B. questionC. suggestion
4. —How do you like the fish I cooked for you? —I haven‘t had it yet. However, it ________ good.
A. smells
B. tastes
C. sounds
D. feels
5. I‘d love to go to the English evening. But I‘m a little ________, because I will be asked to
sing an English song in front of the whole school.
A. tired B. sad C. nervous D. pleased
6. It is believed that ________ December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was
played. A. on B. in C. at 7. —Have you finished your homework yet? —Yes. I _________ it twenty minutes ago.
A. have finished B. finished
C. will finish
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D. by
D. had finished
8. People who eat a balanced diet should be ________ than those who only eat hamburgers.
A. clever
B. cleverer
C. healthy
D. healthier
9. —Which of the two pairs of shoes will you take? —I‘ll take ________. They are too small for me. A. both
B. all
C. either
D. neither D. had happened
10. Look, so many people are running out of the station. I wonder what ________.
A. is happenedB. was happening C. is happening 11. —Look, someone left a book.
—Oh, yeah … This book ________be Kitty‘s. Only she likes to read this kind of books.
A. can about it.
A. come up with B. put up C. call up13. —When will you return the book to me? —I‘ll give it to you _________ I finish it.
A. once
B. until
C. as soon as
D. set up
B. must
C. may
D. might
12. ―Learning from Lei Feng Day‖ is only two weeks from now. We need to ________ a plan
D. unless
14. —Look at the flowers I gave you last month. They are dying! ________ do you water them? —Sorry, I forgot to water them.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How soon
D. How much
15. —Why don‘t you join an English language club to practice speaking English?—__________. A. It‘s my pleasure
C. That‘s all right
B. Take it easy D. That‘s a good idea
第二节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～25各小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Vietnam (越南) War broke out. The young husband the army and died in the war. His wife and son began to have a life after that. Even though their life was very hard and sometimes they didn‘t have enough food to eat, the still decided to raise her son by herself.
Several years later her son immigrated (移民) to America finally became an engineer. He often sent letters to his mother with much money. However, with many excuses, the son to come back home to visit his mother.
21 his mother died, the son returned. But he didn‘t cry. His mother left a box behind. During the funeral (葬礼), the son opened the box and 22 cried and shouted, ―Mom! Mom!‖ 23 looked at each other and then looked at the box. It was full of $100 bills and a piece of paper.
It read, ―Son, I don‘t spend too much money. I miss you a lot. Every time I heard a motorcycle wasn‘t you. I saved money you in case (以防) you get sick.‖
2
16. A. joined 17. A. comfortable 18. A. son 19. A. but 20. A. refused 21. A. Before22. A. slowly 23. A. Nobody 24. A. passing by 25. A. with
B. moved B. easy B. father B. and B. agreed B. When B. hardly B. Anyone B. going away B. on
C. found C. hard C. husband C. so C. asked C. While C. quickly C. Everyone C. showing up C. to
D. sent D. happy D. wife D. or D. offered D. As D. suddenly D. Somebody D. running off D. for
二、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
There was a boy and his family was very rich. One day his father took him on a trip to a place. He wanted to show his son how poor people were there. They spent several days on a farm. There were many poor families living on the farm.
On their way home, the father asked the son, ―How was the trip?‖ ―It was great, Dad,‖ the son answered. ―Did you notice how poor people were there?‖ asked his father. ―Oh, yes,‖ said the son. ―So, tell me,‖ said his father. The son said, ―Well, we have one dog and they have four. We have a pool in our garden, while they have a river that has no end. We have expensive lanterns (灯), but they have stars above their heads at night. We have only a small piece of land to live on, while they have the endless fields. We buy our food, but they grow theirs. We have high walls around our houses to protect us, but they don‘t need walls, because their friends will protect them.‖
The father had nothing to say. Then the boy added, ―Thank you, Dad, for letting me see how poor we are.‖
26. The father wanted to show his son ________.
A. how people on the farm worked B. how poor people were on the farm C. how beautiful the farm was
D. how far it was from the city to the farm A. Once a week. C. Every year.
B. Twice a month.
D. The writer doesn‘t tell us. B. tiring D. boring B. a lot of cars
3
27. How often did they go to the farm?
28. When the father asked the son how the trip was, the son thought it ________.A. great
C. terrible
29. According to the boy, people on the farm can see ________ at night.
A. expensive lanterns
C. stars above their heads
A. The boy was from a very poor family.
D. many horses
30. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? B. The father and the son spent several weeks on a farm. C. People on the farm have high walls around their houses. D. The boy thought that people on the farm lived a happy life.
Ironing a shirt is easy to learn. Just follow the steps in this short guide (指南), and you‘ll learn how to iron your shirt properly with the help of the video. The most important thing is this: don‘t try to iron a dry shirt. ● Get ready
You will need an iron, an ironing board and a bottle of water. Place the shirt on the ironing board. You can iron in whatever order you like, but most people like to start at the top — the collar. Have a bottle of water ready. Spray (喷) it onto the shirt to make it easier to iron. ● Do the ironing
First, iron the inside of the collar. Second, turn the collar over and iron the other side. Third, iron the back shoulders of the shirt. Fourth, iron the cuffs. Iron the inside, then the outside of the cuffs. Fifth, iron the sleeves. Sixth, iron the back of the shirt. Finally, iron the front of the shirt. Do one side, and then do the other side. ● Dry the shirt
Check your shirt and iron it again if you need to. Now put your shirt on a hanger and let it dry.
31. What‘s the most important thing if you want to iron a shirt? A. Have a bottle of water ready.
B. Don‘t try to iron a dry shirt. C. Wash your shirt carefully. D. Place the shirt on the ironing board. A. a ruler
B. an iron D. a bottle of water B. the back shoulders
4
32. You will need all of the following things EXCEPT ________ before you iron a shirt.
C. an ironing board A. the sleeves
33. Most people like to start with ironing ________ of a shirt.
C. the cuffs A. Five. C. Seven.A. reading a book
D. the collar B. Six. D. Eight.
B. watching a video D. reading the newspaper
34. How many steps are there to do the ironing, according to this guide?
35. The writer tells us it‘s easy to learn how to iron a shirt by ________. C. listening to the radio
C
The first day of school, our professor introduced an old lady Rose to us.
―Why are you in college at such an age?‖ I asked her. She replied, ―I always dreamed of having a college education and now I‘m getting one!‖ We became friends quickly.
At the end of the term I invited Rose to make a speech to our football team. I‘ll never forget what she taught us. She said, ―There are some secrets of staying young and being happy. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You must have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you will die. There is a huge difference between growing old and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn‘t need any or ability. To grow up, you must always find the opportunity in change. Have no regrets. The people who are afraid of death are those with regrets.‖
At the end of the year, Rose finished her college. One week after graduation, Rose died peacefully in her sleep. We would always remember the great woman. 36. From the passage, we can learn that Rose ________.
A. went to college at an old age B. became a professor later C. once worked in a hospital D. died before college graduation
B. play football D. write a book B. 方法 D. 才能
37. At the end of the term the writer invited Rose to ________. A. go to a party
C. make a speech
38. The underlined word ―talent‖ in the third paragraph means ―________‖ in Chinese.A. 训练
C. 途径
39. If you want to stay young and be happy, ________, according to Rose. A. never grow up
B. don‘t be afraid of death C. have a dream and never lose it D. don‘t find the opportunity in change 40. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Laughing every day B. Never too old to learn C. Growing old and growing up D. How to stay young and being happy
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篇三：2014年山东省中考数学试卷(含答案)
txt">一．选择题（本大题共20小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个是正确的，请把正确的选项选出来，每小题选对的3分，选错，不选或选出的答案超过一个，均记零分） 1、下列各数中，最大的是（ ）A．－3 B．0 C．1 D．2 2、下面计算一定正确的是（ ）
222336(?3pq)??9pq b?a?2b A． B．
C．5y3?3y5?15y8D．b9?b3?b3
3、在《关于促进城市南部地区加快发展第二阶段行动计划（2013 -2015）》中，北京市提出了总计约3
960亿元的投资计划。将3 960用科学计数法表示应为（ ）
A. 39.6×102 B. 3.96×103 C. 3.96×104 D. 3.96×104 4、下列图形中，是中心对称图形但不是轴对称图形的是（ ）
5、如图，一个几何体上半部为正四棱椎，下半部为立方体，且有一个面涂
有颜色，下列图形中，是该几何体的表面展开图的是（ ）
6、不等式组
的最小整数解为（ ）
A、-1 B、0C、1 D、2
7、某中学随机地调查了50名学生，了解他们一周在校的体育锻炼时间，结果如下表所示：
则这50名学生这一周在校的平均体育锻炼时间是（ ）
A. 6.2小时 B. 6.4小时C. 6.5小时D. 7小时 8、如图，直线a，b被直线c所截，a∥b， ∠1=∠2，若∠3=40°，则∠4等于（
）
A. 40° B. 50°C. 70°D. 80°
第8题图
9、如图，圆O1、圆O2的圆心O1、O2在直线l上，圆O1的半径为2 cm，圆O2的半径为3 cm，O1O2=8 cm。圆O1以1 cm/s的速度沿直线l向右运动，7s后停止运动，在此过程中，圆O1与圆O2没有出现的位置关系是（ ）
(A) 外切 (B) 相交 (C) 内切 (D) 内含
10、给出下列命题及函数y=x，y=x2和y=①如果③如果
，那么a＞1；
，那么0＜a＜1；②如果，那么﹣1＜a＜0；④如果
时，那么a＜﹣1．则（ ）
A．正确的命题是①④
B．错误的命题是②③④
C．正确的命题是①② D．错误的命题只有③
第10题图
11、A、B两点在一次函数图象上的位置如图所示，两点的坐标分别为A(x＋a，y＋b)，B(x，y)，下列
结论正确的是（ ）．
A．a＞0
B．a＜0 C．b＝0 D．ab＜0
第11题图
12、袋中有红球4个，白球若干个，它们只有颜色上的区别．从袋中随机地取出一个球，如果取到白
球的可能性较大，那么袋中白球的个数可能是（ ）．
A．3个
B．不足3个
C．4个
D．5个或5个以上
13、如图，点P是等边三角形ABC外接圆⊙O上的点，在以下判断中，不正确的是（） ．．．A、当弦PB最长时，ΔAPC是等腰三角形。B、当ΔAPC是等腰三角形时，PO⊥AC。
C、当PO⊥AC时，∠ACP=300.D、当∠ACP=300，ΔPBC是直角三角形。
23?
14、计算x?11?x 的结果是( )
1155A．x?1 B．1?xC．x?1D．1?x
15、一列火车因事在途中耽误了5分钟，恢复行驶后速度增加5千米/时，这样行了30千米就将耽误的时间补了回来，若设原来的速度为x千米/时，则所列方程为（ ）
3030??xx?53030C、??
xx?5
A、5 605 6030305
??
x?5x603030
D、??5
xx?5
B、
16、在同一直线坐标系中，若正比例函数y=k1x的图像与反比例函数y= （ ）
(A) k1?k2<0 (B) k1?k2>0 (C) k1k2<0 (D) k1k2>0 17、如图，直线y=x+a－2与双曲线y=
k2
x 的图像没有公共点，则
4
交于A，B两点， x
则当线段AB的长度取最小值时，a的值为（）． A．0 B．1 C．2 D．5
第17题图
18、如图，AB是⊙O的直径，弦CD⊥AB，∠C = 30°，
CD = 23.则S阴影=（ ）
A．π B．2π C． 33 D3π
19、如图，在△ABC中，AC=BC，点D、E分别是边AB、AC的中点，将△ADE绕点E旋转180°得△CFE，则四边形ADCF一定是（ ）
第18题图
2
2
第19题图
A、矩形 B、菱形C、正方形 D、梯形
20、下列图形都是由同样大小的棋子按一定的规律组成，其中第①个图形有1棵棋子，第②个图形一共有6棵棋子，第③个图形一共有16棵棋子，…，则第⑥个图形中棋子的颗数为（ ）
A、51 B、70C、76 D、81
二．填空题（本大题共4小题，满分12分，只要求填写最后结果，每小题填对得3分） 21、分解因式：ab2?4ab?4a=_________________ 22、计算
3
? 2
1
的结果是。 2
23、如图，将菱形纸片ABCD折迭，使点A恰好落在菱形的对称中心O处，折痕为EF。若菱形ABCD的边长为2 cm， ?A=120?，则EF=
cm。
24、如图，矩形ABCD中，AB=3，BC=4，点E是BC边上一点，连接AE，把∠B沿AE折叠，使点B落在点B′处．当△CEB′为直角三角形时，BE
的长为 ．
三．解答题（本题共5小题，满分48分，解答应写出必要的文字说明，证明过程或推演步骤） 25、如图，矩形OABC的顶点A、C分别在x轴和y轴上，点B的坐标为（2，3）．双曲线y=（x＞0）的图象经过BC的中点D，且与AB交于点E，连接DE． （1）求k的值及点E的坐标；
（2）若点F是OC边上一点，且△FBC
∽△DEB，求直线FB的解析式．
26、如图，在△ABC中，∠ACB=90°，∠B＞∠A，点D为边AB的中点，DE∥BC交AC于点E，CF∥AB交DE的延长线于点F． （1）求证：DE=EF；
（2）连结CD，过点D作DC的垂线交CF的延长线于点G，求证：∠B=∠A+∠DGC．
27、甲、乙两个工程队共同承担一项筑路任务，甲队单独施工完成此项任务比乙队单独施工完成此项任务多用l0天。且甲队单独施工45天和乙队单独施工30天的工作量相同． (1)甲、乙两队单独完成此项任务各需多少天?
(2)若甲、乙两队共同工作了3天后，乙队因设备检修停止施工，由甲队单独继续施工，为了不影响工程进度。甲队的工作效率提高到原来的2倍。要使甲队总的工作量不少于乙队的工作量的2倍，那么甲队至少再单独施工多少天?