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中考英语复习动词的时态

时间:2017-05-10 来源:东星资源网 本文已影响 手机版

篇一:2015中考英语八种时态归纳复习汇总

2015中考英语八种时态归纳复习汇总

中考英语八种时态归纳复习

一、一般现在时:

概念: 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month?), once a week, on Sundays基本结构 :① be 动词;②实义动词

否定形式:① am/is/are+not; ②谓语动词若为实义动词,A.主语不是三单式,则don't+动词原形 B.主语为三单式,则 doesn't+动词原形。

一般疑问句:①把 be 动词放于句首;②谓语动词若为实义动词,A.主语不是三单式,用助动词 Do+主语+动词原形

B.主语为三单式,则Does+主语+动词原形Helen ________ a good student.(be)

Helen ________ fishing very much.(like) Helen’s friends usually ________ to school by bike.(go)

二、一般过去时:

概念: 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语: ?ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month?), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, at last, in the end, finally, at first

基本结构: ① was/were;②实义动词的过去式 (dodid, comecame, stopstopped)

否定形式:① was/were+not; ②在实义动词前加 didn't ,同时还原实义动词,即didn’t+动词原形一般疑问句:① was 或 were 放于句首;②用助动词 do 的过去式did 提问,同时还原实义动词。 Helen ________ born in Wuxi.(be)

Helen ________ to school by bike yesterday.(go)

三、现在进行时 :

概念: 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语: now, at this time, these days, look, listen

基本结构: am/is/are+doing 否定形式: am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首。

Listen, Helen ________ a song in the room.(sing)

四、过去进行时:

概念: 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time, from 6 to 8 last night, at 5 yesterday evening或以 when/while 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构: was/were+doing 否定形式: was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句:把 was 或 were 放于句首。 Helen ________ TV at six last night.(watch)

I ________ TV when Mum came home last night.(watch)

五、现在完成时:

概念: 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语: since?,for?,in/during the past few/two years, ever, yet, already, recently, over the years(几年来,这么多年来),主(现完)+since +从(一过),just(注意和just now的区别),so far, till now

基本结构: have/has + done 否定形式: have/has + not +done.

一般疑问句: have 或 has+主语+ done Helen ________ in Nanjing for twenty yearsThe readers are all very happy because they ________ a new book.(receive)

六、过去完成时:

概念: 以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

时间状语: by the end of last year(term, month?) ,by+过去的时间,主(过完)+before+从(一过)基本结构: had + done. 否定形式: had + not + done.

一般疑问句: had 放于句首。

They ________ in Nanjing by the end of last year.(be)

The plane ___________ off before/when we got to the airport.(take)

七、一般将来时:

概念: 表示目前将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间

中考英语复习动词的时态

状语: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year?),soon, in a few minutes, by+将来的时间,the day after tomorrow

基本结构: am/is/are/going to + do 或 will/shall + do.

否定形式: am/is/aret going to + do或 will/shall not+ do.一般疑问句:am/is/are 放于句首或will/shall 提到句首。 Helen ________ to Shanghai next week.(fly)

八、过去将来时:

概念: 立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语: the next day(morning, year?)

基本结构: ① was/were/going to + do ;② would/should + do.

否定形式:① was/weret + going to + do; ② would/should + not + do.

一般疑问句:① was 或 were 放于句首;② would/should 提到句首。 Helen said she ________ to Shanghai the next month.(fly)

被动语态和主动语态

1.各种时态的被动语态的谓语动词形式: a. 一般现在时 : am /is /are +done b. 一般过去时 : was/were + donec. .含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be +过去分词 can be done may be done must be done

d. 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has +been +done e.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to + be +donef.复合宾语的被动语态: (主动语态中不带to,被动语态中要加to)make /help /let/ have/ sb. do sth. ask/tell sb to do sth see/hear sb do sth see/hear sb doing sth2.注:变被动语态时不要去掉组成谓语动词短语的任何一个词We must take good care of him.=He must be taken good care of.(of不能漏掉)You can catch up with us soon.=We can be caught up with soon.(with不能漏掉)

2. 下列情况不能用被动语态:

A. 不及物动词: The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .(happen, take place)

B.连系动词: The girl looks like her sister .(五官feel/taste/look/sound/smell, 五变become/turn green/grow/go bad/get warmer/, be, keep fit/healthy, seem)Don’t cross the road until the light ________ green./// This dress ________ nice.(look)

C. 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。(表示物体本身所具有的一种性质)sell/write/read/wash/ride/cut well

The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .

动词的固定搭配:

(1)后面接sb to do sth的动词:ask sb to do sth=tell sb to do sth叫某人做某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事would like sb to do sth,=want sb to do sth想要某人做某事use sth to do sth,使用某物去做某事 do what he could to help me尽他所能来帮助我

wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事 advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事

remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事

(2)后面接sb do sth的动词:make/have/let sb do sth叫某人做某事

(3)后面接to do sth 的动词:

have to do sth不得不做某事 need/require to do sth需要做某事 want to do sth/would like to do sth想要做某事hope/wish to do sth(注意没有hope sb to do sth)希望做某事be happy/glad/pleased/afraid/better/crazy/(等形容词)to do sthtry to do sth 努力做某事(下决心要把它做好了) try/do one’t best to do sth, 尽最大努力做某事decide to do sth决定做某事 volunteer to do sth志愿去做某事

be willing to do sth愿意做某事 prefer to do sth比较喜欢做某事

take turns to do sth轮流做某事 take action(s) to do sth采取行动做某事

can’t wait to do sth迫不及待去做某事 be likely to do sth可能要做某事

ought (not) to do sth (不)应该做某事

(4)后面接doing sth 的动词:

enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 look forward to doing sth盼望着做某事finish doing sth结束做某事 like doing sth/to do sth喜欢做某事thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心、害怕做某事keep doing sth不断的做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事practice doing sth练习做某事 pay attention to doing sth注意做某事

have difficulty/trouble/fun (in)doing sth做某事有困难难/麻烦/乐趣(高兴)

can’ help doing sth=can’t stop doing sth忍不住/情不自禁去做某事

devote ? to doing sth 致力于做某事 dislike doing sth不喜欢做某事

carry on doing sth继续做某事

(5)其他:spend some time (in) doing sth花费一些时间做某事

stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事

keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事 had better (not) do sth最好(不要)做某事 It’s better to do sth做某事比较好

have something to say/eat,have nothing to worry about would you please (not) do sth请你(不要)做某事好吗?

would like to do sth想要做某事 why not do sth为什么不做某事呢?wait for sb to do sth, 等候某人做某事特殊疑问词(如how,what,when,where等)+动词不定式to do 作宾语

(I don’t what to do./ I don’t know how to do it./ I don’t know when to go to Hongkong)have to go home to do housework(不定式表示目的 leave home to work, We can do everything we can to help you)It’s important/easy/hard/right/good for sb to do sth. It takes sb some time to do sth花费某人一些时间做某事prefer doing A to doing B宁愿做事情A也不愿做事情B,喜欢做事情A更胜于做事情B

would rather do than do B宁愿做事情A也不愿做事情B

介词+动名词(instead of doing sth,about doing sth,what about/how about doing sth,by doing sth)be busy doing sth忙于做某事 be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣

feel like doing 想要做某事 get ready to do sth准备做某事

be ready to do sth准备/乐意做某事 start/begin to do sth/doing sth开始做某事

give up doing sth放弃做某事 go/carry on doing sth继续做某事

几个搭配的区别:

remember to do sth是提醒别忘做某事,这个动作在说话的时候还没做 remember doing sth是已做过某事,说话的时候动作已完成。 Remember to close the door, please. 记着关门。 (说话时门还没有关)I remember closing the door.我记得我关了门了。(说话时门已经关了)

forget to do sth和forget doing sthSorry,I forgot to bring the book.(对不起,我忘了带书了。) I forgot borrowing a book from you.(我忘记曾经向你借过书这件事)Don’t forget to do sth.不要忘记去做某事

stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事Stop ________, the teacher is coming.(talk)I met an old friend on my way home yesterday. I stopped ________ with him.(talk)

go on to do sth继续做另外一件事/go on doing sth继续做同一件事

need/require to do 需要做某事 need/require doing 需要被?(有被动的意思 )I need to wash my clothes. My clothes need washing.

e.g. Your shoes are too dirty. They need ________.(wash)You look tired. You need ________ a good rest. (have)

动词填空的解题思路

首先判断有无动词的固定搭配,比如:ask sb ________, finish ________

如果没有动词搭配,然后看是否有明显的时间状语标志,比如:看到now一般用________。

如果上面两者都没有,可以从上下文去推断该用什么时态。比如:Don’t make any noise. The baby ______ (sleep)

注意点:

看清单复数(尤其是一般现在时的三单式),主动还是被动语态,肯定还是否定

祈使句有两种形式,动词原形开头和don’t +动词原形开头 Come here./Don’t go there.

两种从句的不同,根据需要选用不同的时态。I’ll call you if I ________ there tomorrow. (get)They won’t begin the meeting until he ________. (come)Don’t write to him until he ________ there.(arrive)I don’t know if he ________ to Nanjing next month.(fly)I’m not sure when he ________ to Nanjing.(fly)

在宾语从句中

A.若主句用一般现在时,则从句可根据实际情况用各种时态。如:

The radio says the snow later in the day. (stop)I know who the fewest yesterday.(pick)

B.若主句用一般过去时,则宾语从句要依情况用过去的某种时态:一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时。如:

He said that they to the Great Wall. (be)

Mary told me that she for Paris the next day. (leave)

C.无论主句是什么时态,宾语从句中客观真理都用一般现在时。 The teacher said the earth around the sun.(move) -------在完成时中,要注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换。如: They borrowed the book two weeks ago. They have kept the books for 2 weeks. buyhave, joinbe in / be a member of?, leavebe away, arrivebe here, beginbe on, come back be back, die be dead, fall asleepbe asleep, get upbe up, finishbe over Our classroom __________(clean) every day. How often __________ your clothes ______________(wash)? Every two days. He is made _________(stay) at home on Sunday. The twins ___________(ask) to come again yesterday. The bike ________(return) by my uncle tomorrow.So far, a lot of trees __________(plant). A book must _________(read) more than once.//The little boy should ________(take) good care of. A talk on history _______(give) in our school next week. The picture _________(take) down by the twins just now. Coke __________(sell) all over the world.//The fish ___________(eat) up by him an hour ago. The sweater ________(buy) yesterday.//Trousers __________(make) in this factory. The trees in front of the house ________(water) by my father every day. An English song ___________(learn) tomorrow.//________ the bike ________(ride) by you? Sometimes.

篇二:初中英语动词八大时态复习讲义

初中英语动词时态复习讲义

一般现在时

一般现在时态结构

肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他

否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他

一般疑问句式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?

简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are(否)No,主语+am/is/are not

肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词) don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他

简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not

一般现在时的用法

1) 表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有: always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2)表示现在的状态。

例如:My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。

3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。

例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。

My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

4)表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。

例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

5)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。

例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。

6)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。

例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。

动词的第三人称词尾变化:

当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:

注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.

一般过去时态

一般过去时态结构

肯定式:主语+ was/were +其他

否定式:主语+ was/were +not + 其他

一般疑问句式: Was/Were + 主语+ 其他?

简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + was/were(否)No,主语+ was/were not

肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他

否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not

一般过去时的用法

1)表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用。在一般过去式中,要表达“过多少时间之后”,一般用after。几年后。 例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

After a few years, she started to play the piano.几年后,她开始弹钢琴。

2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。 例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

3)一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用,但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。 例如:Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗?

注:不规则动词过去式参见八年级下册P142。

一般将来时

一般将来时的结构

肯定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他 否定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他

一般疑问句式:助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他

简单回答:在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll,wii not常简缩为won’t。 在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时(I和we)时,常用助动词shall。 例如:She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗?

肯定句式:主语+be going to +动词原形+其他 否定句式:主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式:Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他

简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+be (否)No,主语+be not

一般将来时的用法

1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next day(week, month,

year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等连用。

例如:I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。

例如:I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。

3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。

例如:I think she’ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。 Maybe she’ll go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆。

(be going to +不定式,表示将来)

1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划,安排要发生的事。

例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。

例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3、注意:be going to 和will之间的区别。

○1两者都用于预测时,be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生,属客观的推测;will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生,属主观的推测。

○2两者在时间的发生上,be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而will不指明任何具体时间,可以指遥远的未来。

例如:He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。 He will be better. 他的病会好起来了。

○3两者都表示意图时,be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划,是临时的一种决定。

○4在条件壮语从句中,be going to表将来,will表意愿。

例如:If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 如果你将要去旅行,最好尽快做好准备。

Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去问高老师,她会告诉你答案。

be +不定式表将来,表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。

例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

例如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

过去将来时态

过去将来时的结构

1、 would/should+动词原形 2、 was/were going to+动词原形

过去将来时的用法

1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。

例如:He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。

表示过去的某种习惯,只要would。

例如:Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出援助之手。

现在进行时

现在进行时的结构:am/is/are+动词的现在分词

现在进行时的用法:

1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等时间壮语连用。

例如: We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。

2.表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。 例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。

3.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

例如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

4.表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

5、表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。

○1表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等)用于现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。

例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。 ○2一些持续性动词用于进行时,表将来,表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。 例如:Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

篇三:2015初中英语中考总复习-动词 时态讲解 中考真题

2015中考英语总复习

专题十一 动词及时态

考点一 动词的分类

动词短语

常见以下六种类型:

1. 动词+介词,宾语位于介词后。例如:look for; listen to; talk about/with; think about

2. 动词+副词,代词作宾语时须用“动词+代词+副词”形式;名词作宾语可以在副词前,也可在副词后。

例如:turn on/off/ up/down; pick up; call up; take out

3. 动词+副词+介词,宾语位于介词后。例如:come up with; run out of; get on/along with 4. 动词+名词+介词,宾语在介词后;名词前可以加形容词限定。例如: take (good) care of; take pride in; pay (more) attention to 5. 动词+名词(后无宾语)。例如:take place; lose heart

6. be+形容词+介词,形容词前可加程度副词。如very等。例如: be proud of; be angry with; be interested in

考点二 动词的时态

一、时态构成

中学阶段见到的其他时态

二、时态的应用及动词变化形式 1. 一般现在时

2. 一般过去时

(1)一般过去时的用法

①表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与yesterday, last year, in 1976, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。例如: I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。 ②表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。

通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频度的副词连用,但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。例如:

He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如: He said he would not go if it rained. 他说如果下雨他就不去了。 (2)动词过去式的变化规则及读音

一般过去时常用动词的过去式表示。不规则动词的过去式有其特殊形式,要特别记忆。be动词的过去式为was/were。规则实义动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-d或-ed,其变化规律见下表:

现在分词的变化规律:

初中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母变现在分词的动词有:shop, stop, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer,babysit 【温馨提示】

(1)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。例如:

在公园散步的时候,我的钢笔掉到地上了。

(2)表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,不考虑动作的先后顺序,主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时,连词常用while。例如:

学生们在看书,而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。 5. 一般将来时

(1)一般将来时的构成:

①will +动词原形(主语是第一人称时也可用shall +动词原形) ②be(am, is, are) going to +动词原形

(2)一般将来时的用法:

①表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon, later, next time, in+一段时间等连用。例如: I’ll start tomorrow. 我明天动身。

②“be going to +动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事,这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。例如:

She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress. 她买了一些布,准备为自己做一件连衣裙。

【温馨提示】

一般将来时的其他表达方式

6. 现在完成时

(1)现在完成时的构成

have/has+动词的过去分词

have/has为助动词,无实际意义

(2)现在完成时的用法

①表示说话之前已经完成了的动作,而且这个动作对现在仍有影响,常与already,yet, in the past few years等时间状语连用

I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容)

②表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与by now,so far,since/for等时间状语连用

I have studied in the school since 2009. 自从2009年我就在这所学校学习。

用现在完成时来描述一个从过去一直延续到现在的动作时,其谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。现在完成时中的时间状语表示的是一段时间时,句中的动词一定要用延续性动词。

常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化对照表:

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