篇一：淡化高考录取分数实现基础教育均衡和谐发展———山西省吕梁名师高中 校长：武增元
淡化高考录取分数
实现基础教育均衡和谐发展
——山西省吕梁名师高中 校长：武增元
我国沿用多年的全国统一高考，成绩显著，功不可没。但高考也和其他事物一样需要与时俱进，科学发展。分析现阶段基础教育的缺失，研究全国高考改革的方向措施，是进一步落实胡锦涛同志“科学发展观”，构建和谐社会，实现基础教育均衡发展的需要。
一、现阶段基础教育的缺失
1、 高考对基础教育的影响是考什么、学什么，不考什么、不学什么，只要能考高分就行。从初中和小学起就是这样，问题非常严重。
2、 全国统一高考单纯以分数划线，使学生和教师都成了争分数的工具。各个初中和高中因此也就不择手段收买能争高分数的教师和学生。据说有的地方某所高中为争夺一个地区级高考状元，开价高达10万元。
3、 下功夫教学，不如下功夫招生。招生成了基础教育“第一生产力”。为了取得好生源不择手段，每年初中、高
中招生都变成了抢夺优质生源的大战。给优生特殊优惠，不惜用金钱收买优生。给提供优生的学校、班主任和招生中介高额好处费也不鲜见。
4、 教应届生不如收买补习生。到处有人收买已达二本线、一本线，甚至600分以上的高考生再补习，美其名曰：“不上清华不罢休”。
5、 全国卖资料，到处乱收费，多数与中考、高考分数有关。禁而不止，说明有市场。这个市场就是“唯分数论”和全国形成的“追分潮”。
6、 全国大、中、小学办名校，不少学校为了提升自己的等级名份，不择手段弄虚作假。其目的是为了争夺优质生源和攫取高收费。学校和当地行政主管领导也有为了自己的升迁和私利而不择手段“办名校”的人。
7、 各学校（中小学）能考高分的学生中确实有或者说多数是品行好、素质高的学生，但在他们身上也有严重缺失。应该说多数是“两耳不闻窗外事，一心只为高分数”的学生。 能考高分的学生中也还有一些品行不好，适应能力很差的学生。
8、 在基础教育中的重大缺失是没有注重培养“有思想
灵魂”的人。在学生中不讲国格、人格。只追求个人利益，不讲奉献精神和牺牲精神，这是教育的悲哀和国家最大的损失。因此，引领全国基础教育发展方向的全国高考应该是兴利除弊、与时俱进进行改革。
二、淡化高考录取分数，引领基础教育均衡和谐发展
1、优良的思想品德教育是人类共存共荣的需要，高考录取学生应将考生思想品德考核放在重要地位。我国现阶段的高考已由精英化选拔考试变为大众化本科生选拔考试，录取数量很大，不会漏掉人才，不必一分一分计较分数。可按照每所大专院校的层次和专业特点，在考生中划分一定限度的分数段，在这一分数段内，参照考生其他方面特长录取，尤其突出考虑学生思想品德方面的优势。以此，引领基础教育重视培养“有思想灵魂”的人。
2、国家应允许某些大学某些学科只录取应届高中生。补习生适当受到一些限制也是可以理解的，因为补习生也都经过应届生学段，对补习生有一些限制也不算不公平。适当限制补习生就是维护高、初中各三年分段的学制。否则高、初中补习生越来越多，无异于将学制变成了四年、五年制。
3、公布高考录取分数线，应在统一考试基础上，由各
类大学按自身情况，分别公布本大学各学科录取分数线的上、下限和其他条件。特别应强调将其他录取条件与分数一起公布。尤其要淡化统一的一本线和二本线，正确引导考生按自身实际情况选择学校和专业。不要引导学生只追一本线、二本线，应淡化统考分数标准，促进各大学走“宽进严出”的路子。
4、高考录取应按照高中、初中素质教育特点和要求制定录取标准，不应该以考分一个标准划线。取消考生所在地体检的规定。考生体检应由各录取学校完成，各大学体检的结果学生也可通用。因为生源地方体检多有地方保护主义，不能真实反映学生身体素质情况。应该说各招生单位的体检是比较实际的（像招飞那样）。以此引领基础教育注重体育和健康教育。
5、禁止在全国、全省以及区县范围内单纯以考分成绩给学校和教师排名。高考以后应也不可先公布一本线和二本线。如果家长和学生都以一本线、二本线为标准，非一本、二本不上，这也是高考的缺失。现阶段的高考录取情况多半是高分学生上一本、二本，低分学生上专科和高职院校，中等偏上考分的学生，甚至600分以上的考生被各高中抢去补
习。高中补习班招生比大学一本线录取还早。因为抢到好的补习生，也就抢到了学校好名声和利益。
6、公布各大学分数线应本科、专科、高职院校一齐公布，让学生全面选择。不可有意打压专科和高职院校。应引领学生和家长选择学校的方向和趋势。
7、高考的内容和形式也应该做进一步的研究，国语和外语在录取中所占的比分也应该按不同学校不同专业的特点区别对待。
8、与高考有关的各地名校（高中、初中）应严格划片招生，不得扩大范围到处抢夺优质生源，更不得带头高收费。不受限制扩大范围抢夺优质生源危害极大，必须坚决制止。同时各地应宣传和表彰能够录取和培养“低分数学生”的典型学校。自古无状元师傅，却有状元徒弟，好学生谁都会教，能不能教好“差等生”才是教育的难题。
2007年10月30日
篇二：山西省吕梁市中阳县2016中考英语阅读理解练习(4)及答案
山西省吕梁市中阳县2016中考英语阅读理解练习（4）及答案
【基础能力测试】
【实战训练】 A
（来自2016中考模拟训练）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Forty years ago few people were brave enough to ask, ―What will people do with a computer in the home?‖ That’s because computers then were usually huge machines and mostly used by governments and businesses .But on March 5th in 1975,32 men gathered to find answers to this question .It was the first meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club.
Everyone in the club shared the same hobby—fitting together computer parts .The members of Homebrew differed in their levels for skill and experience. Some worked for computer companies .Some had just graduated from high school, and some just loved playing with electronics .They were all excited about the possibilities of the personal
computer.____________After six months the group grew 100 members.
Meetings were held in a spirit of fun and discovery .The people in the group didn’t care about making money. They just wanted to share their ideas—and computers parts—freely. They hoped that their dream of making low cost home computers would come true for common people.
Without being prevented by the group’s fun-loving nature, many members went on to achieve great things. One of the youngest, Bob Lash, went on to invent several electronic medical machines. Another member, John Draper, developed one of the first word–processing programs. Somewhat in the Homebrew crowd sat perhaps its most famous member, Steve Wozniak. The young engineer seldom spoke during meetings .But when he first shared his idea for the Apple I computer, everyone paid attention. This computer helped point the way toward the future of low-cost,
personal computers. And, of course, it resulted in Wozniak forming a partnership with the talented Steve Jobs.
Although the Homebrew Computer Club stopped meeting in 1986, its influence lives on .Thanks to the Homebrew Computer Club, a great number of people today enjoy the convenience of personal computers.
26. Which is the best sentence for the blank in the second paragraph?
A. So all of the members worked hard. B. They had a meeting every weekend.
C. And their excitement spread quickly. D. They invited more young inventors.
27. What did the Homebrew Computer Club work for?
A. Putting computer parts together. B. Developing processing programs.
C. Having fun and making money. D. Making low-cost home computers.
28. What can be learned from the passage?
A. Bob Lash is the youngest and always silent in club.
B. John Draper developed electronic medical machines.
C. Steve Wozniak gave the idea for the Apple I computer.
D. Steve Jobs is the most famous member in the Homebrew.
29. How many years did the Homebrew Computer Club last?
A. Nine B. Eleven C. Thirty D. Forty-one
30. Which of the following statement is true?
A .The influence of the Homebrew Club has never stopped.
B. There were 100 members when the club had its first meeting.
C. All the men in the Homebrew Club had achieved great things.
D. Members in club were good at creating new computer games.
参考答案DDCBA
【实战训练】 B
阅读理解
A popular shopping bag has been seen on the arm of some of the world’s most beautiful women. It sells at an official price of ￡5, but as much as ￡400 online. The bag called ―I’m Not a Plastic Bag‖ is made of cotton. It is so ―hot‖ that now everyone wants to get one. It’s
fashionable, and it’s green! Supporters see the bag as a way to move away from throwaway(一次性的) plastic bags that are given away in large numbers by supermarkets every year.
When the bags were first sold, about 500 people waited in line to buy one. So far, 20,000 of
the popular bags have been sold at the second largest supermarket in Great Britain. It is one of the ways to encourage shoppers to use the reusable bags, rather than the plastic ones. The bag has also become a must-have for many famous people who want to be fashionable, and at the same time care about the environment.
The designer of the bag has been asked to develop the bag by It says that small lifestyle changes can have a strong effect on reducing waste and the
environmental pollution. It also says that everyone should try his best to protect the earth from being polluted.
( ) 48.We can buy the popular bag at a price of ￡5 ________.
A. on the Internet
B. from the shops all over the world
C. at the designer’s home
D. at the 2nd largest supermarket in Britain
( ) 49.According to the passage, ________.
A. those who want to do something by themselves
B. those who design the new bags
C. an organization that protects the environment
D. a business that sells bags
( ) 50 .The purpose of designing the popular bags is __________.
A. to make money
B. to help famous people
C. to make women fashionable
D. to reduce the environmental pollution
( ) 51 .The last paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
A. the designer has been asked to develop the bag
B. it’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment
C. each person can use about 167 plastic bags every year
D. small lifestyle changes can hardly affect the environment
参考答案 48. D 49. C 50. D 51. B
Jerry was a manager in a restaurant. He was always in a good mood(脾气）and always had so one day I asked him, "It's hard to be a positive person all of the time. How do you do it?'' Jerry replied ,"Each morning I wake up and say to myself," Jerry, you can choose to be in a good mood or a bad mood," and I choose to be in a good mood. Life is all about what you choose. And what you choose leads your life."
Several years later, I heard that Jerry left the back door open morning and was robbed(抢劫）.While trying to stop the thief ,he was shot. I went to see him in the hospital. When I asked him how he was, he replied, "If I were any better, I'd be twins." "Weren't you scared when you were in danger? "I asked." Yes, The doctors kept telling me that I was going to be fine, but in their eyes, I read. "He's dead." I knew I needed to take action." "What did you do?" "Well. there was a big nurse asking me if I was allergic(过敏的）to anything. "Yes,' I replied ."Bullets(子
弹）!Everyone laughed and I told them: I am choosing to live. operate on me as if I am alive." Jerry lived thanks to the great doctors ,and also because of his amazing attitude(态
度）.Attitude ,after all ,is everything.
( ) 52. What kind of person was Jerry?
A .He was serious B .He was helpful
C .He was allergicD .He was happy and smart
( ) 53. What does the underlined word "curious" mean in Chinese?
A,敏感的 B,好奇的 C, 开心的 D,有趣的
( ) 54. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A, Jerry was the writer's manager
B, Jerry was not afraid of dead at all
C, Jerry was nearly dead after he was shot
D, Jerry didn't believe doctors
( ) 55. What is the best title(题目）for this passage?
A, Action Matters B, Brave Jerry Beat the Thief
C, Attitude Is everythingD, Jerry ,a Great Man
参考答案 52. B 53. B 54. C 55. C
【实战训练】 C
中考阅读理解
阅读下面三篇短文，根据短文内容和问题，从题后A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案.
Johnny Smith was a good math student at a high schoo1．He loved his computer．He came home early every day, then he worked with it till midnight．But Johnny was not a good English student ,not good at all．He got an F in his English class．One day after school，Johnny joined his computer to the computer in his high school office．The school office computer had the grades of all the students：the math grades ,the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and the grades in English．He found his English grade from an F!Johnny changed his English grade from all F to
A．Johnny's parents looked at his report card．They were very happy．
―An A in English!‖ said Johnny's dad．―You're a very clever boy, Johnny.‖
Johnny is a hacker(黑客)．Hackers know how to take information from other computers and put new information in．Using a modem(调制解调器)，they join their computers to other
computer secretly．School headmasters and teachers are worried about hackers．So are the police，for some people even take money from bank computer account(账户)and put it into their own ones．And they never have to leave home to do it!They are called hackers.
Although hackers are good at computers.they shouldn't do anything against the law．
56.Johnny changed his English grade with the computer in．．
A．the classroomB．the school office
C．a bank near his house D．his own house
57．When Johnny's parents saw the report， A．Johnny was good at math B．Johnny loved computers
C．Johnny could join one computer to another
D. they thought Johnny was not poor in English any longer
58．Who are worried about hackers in the story?
A．Johnny's parents. B．School headmasters teachers and the police．
C．The police．D．School headmasters and teachers．
59．What should the hackers know well，do you think,after you read this story?
A．Information． B.Back computer accounts. C．Computers．D．Grades．
篇三：山西省吕梁市中阳县2016中考英语阅读理解练习(2)及答案
山西省吕梁市中阳县2016中考英语阅读理解练习及答案
【中考先睹为快】
Passage A
（来自2016中考模拟训练）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
If someone asks me, “Do you like music? ” I’m sure I will answer him or her, “Of course, I do.”Because I think music is an important part of our lives.
Different people have different ideas about music. For me, I like rock music because it’s so exciting. And my favorite rock band, the “Fox Ladies” is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate, Li Lan, loves dancing music, because she enjoys dancing. My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music. She thinks jazz is really cool.
“I like dancing music and rock very much, ” says my brother, “because they are amazing. ” But my mother thinks rock is boring. “I like some relaxing music, ” she says. That’s why she likes country music, I think.
48. The writer likes music because she thinks _____.
A. it’s an exciting part of our lives B. it’s an amazing part of our lives
C. it’s an important part of our livesD. it’s a boring part of our lives
49. What kind of music does the writer like?
A. Rock and pop music. B. Rock and dancing music.
C. Jazz and country music. D. Pop music and Jazz music
50. Who likes dancing?
A. The writer.B. Li Lan.C. Jane. D. The writer’s mother
51. How many people’s ideas about music are talked about in this passage?
A. 4.B. 5.C. 6. D. 3
参考答案48-51 CABB
Passage B
Children are natural scientists, very interested in the world around them.
Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific
terms（科学术语）or modern labs. You only have to share your children’s
interests.
Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-old children to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, the money I got and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing each other silently. Finally I said, “Now that we’ve finished with of your own about science?” After a long wait, a boy put up his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?” This began a lot of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, many teachers usually wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When teachers increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give better answers.
Thirdly, watch your(本文来自：Www.dXF5.com 东星资源 网:吕梁中考状元) language. When the child is having a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging a child to help others. But in talking about science, these words make a child think that the discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’ve never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Lastly, show; don’t tell. Let children look at their hands through a microscope（显微镜）, and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner….
81. To help children enjoy science, the most important thing for teachers to do is ___________.
A. let them see the world aroundB. let them study in modern labs
D. share the children’s interests C. tell them the difficult terms on science
82. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the words “
________.
A. your answers to the questions
C. your questions from textbooksB. your own questions about science D. all the questions of your own
83. According to the passage, children can give better answers to the questions if teachers ____.
A. ask them to answer quickly
B. wait for one or two seconds after a question
C. tell them to watch their language
D. wait at least three seconds after a question
84. The writer talks about all of the following ways except that teachers should ____________.
A. tell their children stories instead of telling them to remember facts
B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves
C. allow enough time for their children to find answers to the questions
D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own
85. The writer of the passage is probably ____________.
A a teacherB a scientist
C a seven-year-old boy’s father D a reporter
参考答案 81-85 DCDAB
31. According to the text we can infer that 21st Century is ________.
A. a kind of newspaper in Chinese
C. a name of a middle school B. a kind of newspaper in English D. a name of a press
32. From the text we know ________ in China use New Concept English as their English textbooks.
A. some middle school
B. all the middle schools
C. none of the middle school but sparetime vocational schools
D. some middle schools and sparetime vocational schools
33. The persons who are allowed to attend the workshop are ________.
A. New Concept English teachers of middle schools and part-time vocational training schools only
B. all English Language Teaching teachers
C. only 21st Century readers
D. the students who are learning New Concept English
参考答案 31---33 BDA
Passage C
中考阅读理解
阅读理解（共20小题；每小题分2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In the past, when people had problems, they went to their families or friends to get advice. Today it is possible to get advice from radio shows, TV programs and telephone hot lines, too. A hot line is a telephone line that offers a direct way of getting in touch with advisers. Most hot lines are completely anonymous (匿名的)— callers do not have to say their names or telephone numbers. Most hot lines are usually free, too. Callers do not have to pay for the advice or the phone calls — even if the calls are long distance（距离）. At some hot lines, the advisers are volunteers（志愿者）. Other hot lines pay their advisers for their work. Usually the advisers are full-job people with years of education and experience, but sometimes, the advisers have only taken a short class before starting to work on the hot line. All the advisers listen to people and help them solve their problems.
56. A hot line is a telephone line _________.
A. that is hot B. through which people get advice
D. through which callers take a short classC. whose number no one knows
57. When people call the hot line advisers, they _________.
A. often give their names and telephone numbers
B. generally have to pay for the long distance calls
C. usually pay nothing for most of the calls and advice
D. always try to get in touch with the volunteer advisers
58. The advisers working at hot lines _________.