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成人高考英语同义词解析(三)
成人高考英语同义词解析(三)

  cleaned up during the bull market.

  在牛市时暴利

  gather  collect  assemble  muster

  都含“收集”, “聚集”的意思。

  gather 系常用词, 指“收集”, “聚集”, “集合在一起”, 如:

  The clouds are gathering.

  云在聚集。

  collect 指“有计划、有选择地收集”, 如:

  He collects stamps.

  他集邮。

  assemble 指“为某一特定目的而收集”, 如:

  The dean assembled the students in the auditorium.

  教务长把学生集合在礼堂里。

  muster 系正式用语, 特指“部队召集”或“为检阅、检查而召集”, 如:

  He mustered all his soldiers.

  他把士兵召集在一起。

  command  order  direct  instruct

  都含“命令”、“指挥”、“指示”的意思。

  command 指“权威正式下令”, 如:The general commanded his men to attack the city. 将军命令士兵攻城。

  order 为常用词, 有时指“权威人士或武断地命令”, 但多用于“非正式或个人之间下的命令”, 如:His father ordered him to leave. 他父亲叫他走开。

  instruct的含意是“指示、命令、”, 属正式用语, 强调“有系统地”, 如:She instructed him (in)how to do the experiment. 她他怎样做这项实验。

  direct的含意是“、指挥、指示”, 多指“权威性地”, 如:Who directed that film? 谁导演了那部电影?

  praise  acclaim  eulogize  commend

  都含“赞扬”的意思,

  praise 系常用词, 指“对某人或某物衷心地称赞或钦佩”, 如:

  praise one's performance

  赞扬某人的, acclaim 指“欢呼”、“喝采”, 如:

  acclaim the winner of a race

  欢呼赛跑比赛中的获胜者。

  eulogize 指“口头或书面地赞扬或颂扬”, 如:

  eulogize heroes

  颂扬英雄。

  commend 更正式, 指“正式地称赞或嘉许”, 如:

  He commended them for their enthusiasm.

  他称赞的热情。

  common  ordinary  general

  都含“普通的”意思。

  common强调“常见的”、“ 为奇的”, 如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。

  ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”, 如:

  His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。

  general意为“的”、“的”, 如:This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为读者写的, 为专家写的。

  group,company,party,band,gang这组名词表示“组”、“群”、“帮”或“伙”。

  group通用词,可以表示“为目的组织起来的临时”,也可以表示“长期的有组织的团体”

  The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers.

  格林伍德歌手们是一群受人们欢迎的歌手。

  company表示“临时性的结伙”,也表示“永久性的组织(这时汉译为”公司“或”剧团“)

  A company of travellers are (is) expected to arrive soon.

  预计有一伙旅客不久便要到达。

  It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship.

  航运公司为打捞沉船的费用而要求,这并非奇闻。

  party在表示一群人时,通常指“为某一目的而聚集一起的临时组织或聚会”

  Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.

  探测队以这台新的探宝器为装备,进了山洞,以期找到掩藏的财宝。

  Geoffrey Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties.

  杰弗里·汉普顿交际很广,在社交聚会上深受欢迎。

  band表示“为一目的组织在一起的团体”,与含有随便聚合一起的company 相比,band 包含“组织严密”的意思

  Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a hand of soldiers and settled near Florence.

  六百年前,约翰·霍克伍德爵士率领一帮兵士来到意大利,并在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来。

  gang指贬义的“帮”

  He finds politics a dirty game, and only enters them reluctantly because he knows that at the very least he and his friends are better than the present gang.

  他政治是肮脏的把戏,只是出于已才政治,这是他知道,最起码他和的朋友们比这帮人要强得多。

  Don't get mixed with that gang; they spend too much time drinking and gambling.

  不要和那一伙人为伍,在喝酒与赌博上花的太多了

  group  band  company  party  gang  faction

  都含“集合在一起的人或动物”的意思。

  group 指“以任何目的在一起、或 自然上有的一群人或动物”, 如:

  a group of students

  一群学生。

  band 指“为某一目的聚集在一起的人或高级动物, 通常有一头领”, 如:

  a band of thieves

  一伙贼。

  company 指“为某一目的而聚集在一起的人”, 如:

  a company of travellers

  一旅行团。

  party 指“以某一组织、为目的而聚集在一起的人”, 如:

  He saw a party of schoolchildren getting off the bus.

  他看见一群学生下汽车。

  gang 指“一群以不良企图或罪 恶目的而聚集在一起的人”, 如:

  a gang of murders

  一群杀人犯。

  faction 指“政党、宗教、内部的宗派、小团体”, 如:

  a petty faction of people

  小团体的人。

  Compare usually takes the preposition  to when it refers to the activity of describing the resemblances between unlike things:

  当它涉及描述不同事物相似性的活动时,Compare常用介词 to:

  He compared her to a summer day.

  他将她比为夏天。

  Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer.It takes  with when it refers to the act of examining two like things in order to discern their similarities or differences:

  科学家有时将人脑比作电脑。当涉及考察两个相象的事物以辨别的相似或差别时,它取 with:

  The police compared the forged signature with the original.

  警察将伪造的签名与原来的作

  The committee will have to compare the Senate's version of the bill with the version that was passed by the House. When  compare is used to mean 搕o liken (one) with another,?with is traditionally held to be the correct form:

  委员会需要将参议院议案的版本与下议院的作。当 compare用作表示“把()比喻成另”时, with传统地

  That little bauble is not to be compared with (not  to)  this enormous jewel.But  to is frequently used in this context and is not incorrect.

  那个小摆设与( to) 大宝石相。但 to常用于此上下文,

  compare  contrast

  都含“相比”、“”的意思。

  compare常指找出两种事物或的异同点而, 如:

  If you compare Marx's works with Hegel's, you'll find many differences. 你把马克思的著作同黑格尔的著作相, 就会许多不同之处。

  contrast 指两者之间的“对照”、“对比”, 着重指“两种事物或的对比, 地指出它们的不同”, 如:contrast farm life with city life 对照一下城乡生活。

  complex,complicated,intricate,involved,knotty这几个形容词的含义是“的”。

  complex指组成某种机器的零件、构成某件事的因素或构成数学题的元素,而且的关系或的作用也令人眼花缭乱,学识深的人或知识的人才能

  the complex mechanism of a watch

  手表的结构

  the complex modern world

  的现代世界

  Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law.

  正义是的法律机器的一

  He mentally visualizes a complex form all round itself.

  他在脑海里从形体的各个来模拟的形体。

  complicated complex的一切意义,但更强调得难以解释或理解。一道算式题非常 complex,但未必确实complicated;而一道 complicated 算式总是 complex的。

  The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated.

  对伽利略的看法并不(指不深奥),这是令人欣然的。

  The apparatus thus described, however, records only the horizontal component of the wave movement.

  然而,仪器的如此描画只记录下波的运动的组成事实上波的运动要得多(指不易解释)。

  intricate 通常指交织在一起的众多因素,而且很难理出头绪来。

  The child was perplexed by the intricate plot of the story.

  这孩子被那头绪纷繁的故事弄得迷惑不解。

  involved 通常指许多事物或事物的关系盘根错节。

  These are involved financial affairs.

  这是些错综的金融事务。

  knotty 指充满纠缠不清、令人困惑的问题,而且包含着几乎不解决或弄懂的意义。

  This is a knotty passage.

  这是一段难懂的文字

  complex  complicated  intricate  involved

  都含“的”意思。

  complex指“包含许多(是不同的)难懂或难解释的”, 如:

  This is a complex problem. 这是的问题。

  complicated 指“各交错而变得错综”, 如:

  What a complicated machine! I can't possibly use it. 这是一台多么的机器! 我可不会使用它。

  intricate 指“包含许多详细和交叉的而显得错综, 难的”, 如:

  It's a novel with an intricate plot. 这是一部情节错综的小说。

  involved 指“陷入某种麻烦与混乱而难以解决的”, 如:

  The real meaning of his remark is involved in ambiguity. 他这句话的真正含意难以捉摸。

  create  compose  design  invent  make  produce

  都含“”的意思。

  create指“有目的地把原材料制成新产品”; 也指“ 出原来不或与众不同的事物”, 如:

  We've created a beautiful new building from out of an old ruin.

  从废墟上创建了一幢漂亮的新楼。

  compose 指“ 创作(诗、画、音乐或文章等)”, 如:

  The poet composed a new poem.

  这位诗人创作了一首新诗。

  design 指“制作某物之前深思熟虑地构思”, 如:

  It was he that designed the garden.

  花园是他设计的。

  invent指“想象、、劳动, 出前所未东西”, 尤指“科技上的发明”, 如:

  Edison invented the light bulb.

  爱迪生发明了电灯炮。

  make是最常用词, 指“用劳动地任何制造、生产、或组成”, 如:

  All kinds of precision machine tools are made in this factory.

  这家工厂制造精密机床。

  produce指“劳动加工而生产产品”, 尤指“工农业产品”, 如:

  We must produce more food for ourselves and import less.

  增产食品, 进口。

  compose,consist of,comprise,constitute这组动词的含义为“组成”或“构成”。

  compose 在表示“由……材料构成”时,见于被动语态;在用于语态时,它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一,而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。

  Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.

  混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。

  England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.

  英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。

  Mere facts, badlly stated, do not compose a good book.

  仅仅有资料,陈述得很糟糕,并组成一本好书;

  consist of 的含义与被动语态的 compose 相同

  Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective.

  那件化装服装仅由一条床单组成,但

  comprise 在表示“构成”时,其内涵是“包括”或“覆盖”

  These houses do not comprises all his property.

  房产并构成他的财产。

  The committee comprises men of widely different views.

  委员会由见解甚为悬殊的人组成。

  constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词,所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上,亦或在组织上,与组成成分是

  This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace.

  增长的贫困中正在增长着的贫困,构成了对和平的永久的威胁。

  Seven days constitutes a week.

  七天构成星期。

  infer deduce conclude judge gather

  都含“推断”, “结论”、“推论”的意思。

  infer 指“由已知的事实或信念推理而得出(结论)”, 如:

  From your smile I infer that you're pleased.

  从你的笑容, 我断定你兴。

  deduce 指“证据或从原则逻辑推理而推出”, 如:

  The method was deduced from experiments .

  方法是实验推论的。

  conclude 指“由已知事实或信念预期或推导出必要的结果、意见、概念等”, 如:

  From the evidence I must conclude that you`are wrong.

  从证据看, 我敢断定你错了。

  judge强调“对前提衡量和核对以判断”, 如:

  I can't judge whether she is right or wrong.

  我断定她是对错。

  gather是非正式用语, 指“由已知的事实或言行中得出(想象、想法等)”, 可与 infer, conclude互换, 如:

  I gather from his words that he is angry.

  他的话来推测, 他生气了。

  confirm  substantiate  corroborate

  都含“ 证明或证实……是的或的”意思。

  confirm指“用事实或证据来证实或证明……是的”, 如:confirm a rumour 证实谣言。 substantiate指“列举事实以证实某一主张是的”, 如:The slanderer cannot substantiate his tale. 那个诽谤者证实他的谎言。 corroborate指“ 以陈述新事实或证据来证明……是的”, 如:The witness corroborated her version of the event. 证人证实了她对那事件的看法。

  puzzle  perplex  confuse  bewilder

  都含“使困惑不解”的意思。

  puzzle 指“情况错宗使人感到困惑不解”, 如:

  What he did puzzled me greatly.

  他的使我深感迷惑不解。

  perplex 较正式, 除含有puzzle 的意思外, 还侧重“心情的困惑和行动的不决, 不知如何办”, 如:

  His face was perplexed;

  he went away.他的脸色看起来茫然, 然后就走了。

  confuse 指“把事物混淆或弄乱”或“混淆、混乱而糊涂”, 语气较弱, 常指暂时, 如:

  They asked me so many questions that they confused me.

  问了我那么多的问题都把我搞迷糊了。

  bewilder 指“迷惑不解或惊愕而慌乱、糊涂和不知所措”, 语气比前两个词都强, 如:

  The old woman from the country was bewildered by the crowds and traffic in the big city.

  从农村来的那个老太太被大城市的人流和交通搞得茫然不知所措。

  consider……(as)……  regard……as……  treat……as……

  都含“……是……”意思。

  consider侧重“考虑而”, 表示“客观的看法”, 如:I consider what he said (as) reasonable. 我他说的有道理。regard 指“把……”、“把……看作”, 表示“以外部形象得出认识或个人的主观认识”, 如: He was regarded as the foremost authority on chemistry. 他被是化学最高权威。treat 表示“在某种认识的基础上看待或对待”, 重在行动, 而不在认识, 如:They will not be treated as enemies. 不会被当做敌人对待。

  opposite  contrary

  都含“相反的”。

  opposite 指“位置、方向、地位、性质、意义等对立的、相反的”, 如:

  “True” and “ false ” have opposite meanings.

  “真”与“假”有着相反的意思。

  contrary 指“两物朝相反的方向发展”, 含有“互相冲突, 不一 致”的意思, 如:

  Your plan is contrary to mine.

  你的计划与我的相反。

  choose  select  pick  prefer

  都含“挑选”、“ 选择”的意思。

  choose 系常用词, 指“的选择”, 侧重“凭个人意志或判断选择”, 如:

  Leave it to you to choose between the two methods.

  任你两种方法中抉择。

  select 强调“在的范围内精选、淘汰”, 侧重“以客观为标准选择”, 如:

  They're selecting maize seeds.

  在选玉米种。

  pick 强调“从个人角度在众多中挑选”, 有时含有“任意选择”的意思, 如:

  pick one's words

  选词。

  prefer指“偏爱”、“更喜欢”, 有时“只表示的看法, 不选择”, 如:

  I prefer tea to coffee.

  我喜欢茶而不喜欢咖啡

  choose,select,pick这组动词都有“挑选”的意思。

  choose 强调在“选择”某物时的意愿,是当供挑选物两个时,应当用choose

  Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.

  鉴赏力感到自豪,但不再能任意选择所需要的东西了,受到了广告的微妙

  He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.

  他故意地选择了他所过的生活,并且深知其后果。

  They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.

  愿意生活在城市,本该免除这许多苦处和开支,本来那里的正当居民。

  有好几个东西供选择时,最好用 select. 有较多的被挑选物,挑选人就鉴别。

  They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.

  的史料聚积,难以判断从中选择哪些史实。

  But, of the vertebrates, unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard)。

  ,在脊椎动物中,神秘莫测的大自然只选择了蛇(和蜥蜴)。

  pick 在用作“挑选”时,不强调鉴别,也不强调意愿。

  On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise

  在一块乡村草坪上,你为双方挑选队员,并不涉及地方感情问题,单纯为娱乐和锻炼而赛球。

  Tom picked a red shirt because he liked red.

  汤姆挑选一件红衬衣,他喜欢红颜色。

  idea  concept  conception  thought notion impression

  都含“念头”、“想法”、“观念”的意思。

  idea为用语, 指“理解、思索、推理、幻想而产生于脑中的思想、念头、主意、想法”, 如:

  The idea of death is frightening to most people.

  死的想法大多数人可怕的。

  concept 指“从一类事物的许多例子中概括概念”, 如:

  The concept of cat arises from many cats we see.

  猫的概念是从看见的许多猫中产生的。

  conception指“在人的脑子里的意念或计划”, 即指“理性的概括活动”, 如:

  A good novelist needs great power of conception.

  好的小说家需要的想象力。

  thought指“思考或推理而的思想、看法或想法”, 如:

  He has many thoughts on the matter.

  他对这事有许多想法。

  notion 指“未完全、清楚或彻底的思想、想法”, 如:

  She had a notion that the share market would rise.

  她股票市场将兴起。

  impression 指“外部事物在脑子里所产生的印象”, 如:

  His speech made a strong impression on the audience.

  他的讲演给听众留下了的印象。

  guide,conduct,lead,steer动词在一起含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。

  guide(抽象名词guidance,名词guide“向导”)是通用词,可以用于“为别人带路”、“别人的学习、品行修养”,它的内涵是走弯路或遇到危险

  Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journery to the other world.

  数千只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去,给死人返回阴间指明道路。

  At the top of the bank my guide paused and looked back at me.

  我的向导在河岸上稍停了一下,并且回头看了看我。

  He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.

  他现在正在格林教授的下学习。

  而conduct(抽象名词conductance“传导力”,名词conductor“向导者”,公共汽车等的“售票员”)在表示“”、“”时含有的主从关系,即被者不服从是不可以的

  The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter.

  警察最后把他的双手绑了起来并把他带到防空洞。

  Do you prefer conducted tours or independent travel?

  你是喜欢导游喜欢独立地去旅行?

  lead(抽象名词leadership“”,名词leader“领袖”、“领队”)可以表示“”、“带路”,但它总含有者走在前面,而把被者控制在的权威之下,或被秩序井然的状态中的意思

  Our guide led us through a series of caves.

  的向导带领着穿过的洞穴。

  steer(抽象名词steerage“操纵”,名词steersman“舵手”)表示“驾驶”、“掌舵”,但常用于比喻,词义引伸后有“操纵”、“”的意思。适用于表示“着度过难关”的意义

  The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.

  卡蒂萨克号向两侧摇晃着,驾驶这只船是不的了。

  Soon the country will be steered to peace and prosperity.

  很快便会被带入和平与繁荣之境。

  admit  acknowledge  confess

  意都含“承认”的意思。

  admit 通常指因外界、良心或判断而承认某事的性, 含“不情愿”之意, 如:

  I admit that she is right.

  我承认她是对的。

  acknowledge 指“公开承认”, 常用于隐瞒或否认之事,如:

  With so much evidence against him he had to acknowledge his error.

  么多的证据面前, 他不承认错误。

  confess 着重承认的过错或罪恶, 有“忏悔”、“坦白”的含意, 如:

  He has confessed his crime.

  他承认了的罪行(含坦白之意)。

  sure  certain  confident

  意思都含“确信的”。

  sure强调“主观上确信无疑的”, 如:

  I'm sure you don't mean it.

  我相信你是无意的。

  certain指“有或理由而相信的”, 如:

  This letter made me certain of his innocence.

  这封信使我相信他是无罪的。

  confident 强调“对某人[物]坚信的或满怀信心的”, 如:

  He's confident he will win.

  他深信他会赢。

  importance  consequence  significance

  都含“性”或“显要”的意思。

  importance 为用语, 着重指“本身重大价值、意义、等”, 如:

  news of importance

  新闻。

  consequence 侧重指“或深远的后果”, 如:

  If you behave so foolishly, you must be ready to take the consequences.

  愚昧下去, 你自食其果。

  significance 指“马上显示其特殊意义”, 如:

  an event of significance

  重是意义的事件。

  continue  last  endure  persist

  都含“”、“延续”的意思。

  continue指“持续而无终止”, 通常强调“不间断”, 如:continue one's work 工作。

  last指“持久”、“延续”, 如:The rain will not last long. 这雨不会持续很久。

  endure指“持久”、“持续”, 如:Her fame will endure for ever. 她将名垂千古。

  persist指“持续下去”, 如:The snow is likely to persist in most areas. 在大地区还有雪。

  continual  continuous  constant  incessant  perpetual

  都含有“连续的”、“的”意思

  continual指“一段内多次”、“时断时续”或“中断很短而又接连”, 如:Continual practice is necessary to master English. 要英语经常地练习。continuous指“连续的”, 如:a continuous voyage 连接的航行。constant指“如一的”、“不变的”、“持续地”或“反复地”, 如:the constant beat of heart 有规律的心跳。incessant指“不停的”、“持续的”, 如:the incessant rain 细雨连绵。perpetual指“永久的”、“不间断的”, 如:perpetual chatter 没完没了的唠叨。

  conversation  chat  dialogue  discussion  talk

  都含“交谈”的意思。

  conversation 指“无拘束或非正式的谈话”, 如:We had a long telephone conversation.电话作了长的交谈。 chat 指“闲谈”、“聊天”, 如:We need less chat and more work if we're to finish this job today. 打算这件工作的话, 那就要少聊天、多工作。dialogue 指“双方对话或戏剧的对白”, 如:The dialogue remained light and friendly. 谈话一直轻松愉快和友好的气氛。discussion 指“”、“商议”, 如:I had a long discussion with my friends  about the matter. 这件事我跟朋友们商讨了很久。talk 指“非正式的讲话”, 用于较随便的场合, 如:I met Mrs. Janes at the shop and had a long talk with her. 我在商店遇见了琼斯夫人, 同她谈了很长

  crowd  throng  swarm

  都含“一群”、“众多”的意思。

  crowd指“无秩序地聚集在一起的一大群人”, 如:

  A crowd of people were waiting in front of the gate.

  一大群人在门前等着。

  throng指“蜂拥行进的人群”, 它不及crowd 口语化, 如:

  throngs of celebrators at Times Square

  在时代广场举行庆祝活动的人群。

  swarm 指“一大群杂乱无章移动的人”, 如:

  a swarm of sightseers

  一大群观光者。

  cut across

  取捷径;走近路

  超越

  cut back

  剪枝;修剪

  ;缩小;削减

  to cut back on industrial production

  缩减工业生产

  cut down

  砍倒;砍伤;砍死

  to cut down a tree with an axe

  用斧头把树砍倒

  ;减低

  to cut down on smoking

  抽烟

  损害…健康;使残废;(疾病)杀害

  cut in

  插嘴

  Don't cut in while I'm talking.

  我说话时别插嘴。

  超车抢挡;(突然)插入

  to cut in on a queue

  加塞儿

  cut out

  剪除;切掉;割掉

  to cut out a dress

  裁剪衣服

  停止;放弃

  to cut out smoking

  戒烟

  cut up

  切碎

  使受苦

  Jean was really cut up when her husband left her.

  在丈夫抛弃她之后,简痛苦极了。

  damage  destroy  ruin

  都含“破坏”、“毁坏”的意思。

  damage 指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, 不破坏, 损坏了还可以修复”, 如:

  The heavy rain damaged many houses.

  大雨毁坏了许多房子。

  destroy 指“彻底毁坏以至或很难修复”, 如:

  That town was destroyed in a big fire.

  那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。

  ruin现在多用于借喻中, 泛指的“弄坏了”, 如:

  He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.

  他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。

  danger  peril  hazard  risk

  都含“危险”的意思。

  danger系常用词, 指“的危险, 也可指今后的或不的危险”, 如:

  The patient was out of danger.

  病人脱离危险了。

  peril语气比danger强, 指“接近更严重的危险”, 如:

  He is in peril of his life.

  他命在旦夕。

  danger 是个通用词,其“危险”的含义可强可弱,可大可小,risk 亦然,其不同于 danger 之处仅在于:risk 还包含着“知道危险的”的意思,它可汉译为“冒险”,,danger 只用作名词,而 risk 既可用作名词,也可用作动词。用作名词的 risk 的常用搭配为 take (run) the risk of doing…

  hazard 指“变幻莫测、无法控制的危险”, 带有“碰运气”的意思, 如:

  He had a life full of hazard.

  他一生充满了冒险。

  risk 指“风险”, 含有“冒险”的意思, 如:

  He rescued a child at the risk of his own life.

  他冒着生命危险把那个孩子救了。

  decide  determine  resolve

  都有“决定”的意思。

  decide 指“询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种的选择之中决定”, 如:

  She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.

  她决定星期日而星期一离开这里。

  determine指“决心作某一件事而不动摇”, 如:

  We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule.

  决定要提前这项工作。

  resolve指“打定主意做某事或不做某事”, 如:

  I resolve to study English.

  我决定学英语。

  decide,determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。

  decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”,而determine含义是把某件事下来。

  to decide to give a dinner party (决定设一次宴会,此语的内涵是:关于设宴会一事不再迟疑了

  to determine the guests to be invited (要邀请的客人),此语的内涵意思是:要请哪些人而不请那些人。

  在be determined to do…固定的结构中,分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。decide的名词为decision,determine的名词为determination.

  At first,she decided to go to the police,…

  起初,她决定去找警察……

  On the last day I made a big decision.

  在最后一天我作了重大的决定。

  注:decide后跟宾语从句时,其含义有时是“断定”。

  I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.

  我断定我是在某处拐错弯了。

  I have been offered a large sum of money to go away,but I am determined to stay here.

  给我了一大笔搬迁费,可是我决心留在地方。

  The size of your feet determines the size of your shoes.

  你的脚的大小决定了鞋的尺码。

  The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context.

  脱离上下文来词的含义常常是的。

  注:在determine to do…, determine on (upon)…和determine…,(宾词从句)三个搭配中,determine的词义和decide几乎多大差异

  He determined to learn medicine. (He decided to learn medicine.)

  他决定学医。

  We determined on an early start.(We determined to start early.)

  决定早动身。

  Have you determined where you are going to spend your holidays? (Have you decided where you are going to spend your holidays?)

  你有决定到哪里去度假?

  注:decide 某人to do 某事:“决定使某人做某事”

  What decided you to give up your job?

  因素使你决定放弃你的工作?

  decrease  dwindle  diminish  reduce

  都含“”的意思。

  decrease 指“渐渐地”, 如:

  His temperature decreases.

  他的烧退了。

  dwindle 同decrease 一样, “逐渐地”, 但经常指“到无或消耗到完为止”, 如:

  My savings have dwindled.

  我的积蓄了。

  diminish 指“形状缩小, ”, 特指“看得的缩小或”,   如:

  diminish the revenue by reducing tax

  用减税而使的收入

  reduce 指“人为地、降低”, 如:

  reduce speed

  减速。

  decrease,lessen,diminish,reduce,abate,dwindle这组动词的含义为“”。

  decrease 和lessen普通,用词不讲究,可以代替这组词中任何词。decrease (名词亦为decrease,但重音在个音节上)强调数目或使人不快之物的逐渐

  如:to decrease the number of working hours,to decrease traffic accidents.

  The workmen want to decrease the number of working hours and increase pay.

  工人要求工作工资。

  lessen 可以表示或程度的

  如: to lessen hazard,to lessen anxiety等等。

  Light lessens as evening comes on.

  黄昏的来临,光线逐渐变弱。

  diminish 表示损失。

  如: to diminish research endownments

  However,my enthusiasm waned.The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished.

  然而,我的热情减退了。我在做操上花的逐渐了。

  reduce 可以表示尺寸、、程度或强度的,词义引伸之后,可以表示地位、处境、状况的降低。如:to reduce the speed,to reduce household expense,to be reduced to tears,to be reduced to ashes.

  This greatly reduced the speed of the ship ,for there was danger that if she travelled too quickly,this rudder would be torn away.

  这大大减低了船速,它走得太快,舵会有被冲掉的危险。

  reduce 的名词为reduction,abate 的名词为abatement,dwindle的名词为dwindlement.

  abate 表示时其内涵是使过分或过量的事物缓和。

  如: to abate taxes,to abate imports.

  The doctor gave him some medicine to abate the powerful pain.

  医生给了他某种药,以减弱那剧烈的疼痛。

  This is a pity,because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with bad science.

  这是件憾事,噪音实在是一项美好的事业;把它与贫乏的科学知识搅在一起, 那么美好的事业有使人生疑。

  dwindle 适用表示“眼看着逐渐缩小”或“渐渐趋于消失”。例如透视原理上的近大远小,即逐渐远离观察者的物体变得似乎越来越小,完全消失。

  A thin thread of path dwindled and finally disappeared as it climbed the steep slope of the down.

  一条小径越远显得越细,在爬上土丘的陡坡时终于消失了。

  act  action

  与deed 均含有“动作或”的意思。

  act 强调动作的结果, 指单一的和个人的动作, 适用于个人力量可以的事, 属暂时性的, 如:

  It is an act of kindness to help a blind man across the street.

  帮助盲人过街是慈善的

  action 强调动作的和历程, 而且指的动作, 需要较长才能的事, 如:

  While a ship is in distress, rescuing passengers from danger is a heroic action.

  当船遇险时, 营救乘客脱离危险是英勇的

  还应注意在机械和物理用语中, 用 act, 要用action, 如:

  the action of heat

  热的作用;

  反之, 在an act of kindness 一语中, 若改为 an action of kindness错误的。

  deed 如同 act, 强调的结果和单一性, 但deed 指较为庄重的、的、的和感人的, 而且含有永久性, 如:

  He is a good leader in deed as well as in name.

  他是一位名副其实的好领袖。

  defeat  conquer  overcome

  都含“战胜”、“击败”的意思。

  defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 指“军事上的胜利”, 如:

  defeat the enemy

  打败敌人。

  conquer指“征服”、“战胜”,指“对人、物或感情的控制”,如:

  conquer nature

  征服自然。

  overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, 如:

  overcome difficulties

  克服

  defeat,beat,conquer这组动词的含义是“打败”。

  defeat 的含义是“打败”,但被打败者不服输:

  The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza,but he was defeated.

  公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注,他被击败了。

  beat 则表示彻底“打败”,而且被打败者完全服输了。

  It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and become Champion of England.

  直到1790年次比赛时,他才最后打败汉弗莱斯,而英国的冠军。

  conquer 更可强调“把对方征服”,而且被征服者或被征服的为征服者所有,可以任意支配。

  Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered.

  被打败,但决被征服。

  defend  guard  protect  shield  preserve

  都含“保护”、“使安全”的意思。

  defend指“保卫”、“防御”, 应用范围很广, 可以是的, 也可以是抽象的, 如:

  defend oneself against enemy

  防御敌人。

  guard 指“注意观察、戒备, 以免受的攻击或伤害”, 如:

  guard a coastline

  守卫海岸线。

  protect 指“保护……以免遭受危险或伤害等”, 如:

  protect the children from harm

  保护儿童免受伤害。

  shield 指“保护、保卫……免受惩罚或伤害等”, 如:

  shield one's eyes against the glare of the sun

  保护眼睛不受强烈的阳光伤害。

  preserve 指“防护、保存……免被分解或腐烂”, 如:

  Salt preserves food from decay.

  盐能防止食物腐烂。

  delay  defer  postpone  put off

  均含“推迟”、“延期”、“延缓”的意思。

  delay 指“暂时阻挠或阻挡, 稍后可再”, 如:

  The steamer was delayed by bad weather.

  汽轮因天气不佳而延期。

  defer指“决定延期至时期, 而且有意向将来作”, 如:

  Payment has been deferred until next week.

  付款已延期到下星期。

  postpone是正式用语, 语义较强, 指“有意识地延至将来某一特定”, 在多数情况下, 后面说明改在何时, 如:

  The meeting has been postponed to Friday.

  会议推迟到星期五举行。

  put off与postpone大致同义, 但较通俗口语化, 如:

  Let's put this off till some other time.

  把这搁一搁, 以后再说吧。

  rely  depend

  都含“信赖”的意思。

  rely 指“在经验的基础上, 依赖、相信某人或某事物, 希望从中支持或帮助”, 如:

  He can be -lied on to keep secret.

  相信他能保密。

  depend 指“出于信赖而他人或他物, 以其支持或帮助, 信赖的经验或, 也”, 如:

  He can depend on his wife for sympathy.

  他相信妻子会同情他。

  abandon  desert  forsake  quit

  都含有“放弃”、“遗弃”的意思。

  abandon 强调“完全、永远地遗弃”, 是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物, 如:

  She abandoned her child.

  她遗弃了她的孩子。

  desert 强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”, 如:

  The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.

  那个士兵叛国助敌。

  forsake 指“遗弃某人以前所爱的人或物”, 强调“断绝情感上的依恋”, 如:

  She pleaded with her husband not to forsake her.

  她恳求丈夫不要抛弃她。

  quit 强调“突然或不意地弃去”, 常指“停止”, 如:

  She quitted her job.

  她放弃了的工作。

  devote  dedicate  consecrate

  都含“” 、“献身”的意思。

  devote 指 “决心将身心、活动、精力等献出”, 如:

  devote one's life to a cause

  把生命献给事业。

  dedicate 系正式用语, 指“庄重地奉献给神”或“为神圣目的而”, 如:

  They dedicated the temple.

  献出庙宇。

  consecrate 系正式用语, 指“宗教仪式将某物用于神圣用途”, 如:

  The new church was consecrated by the Bishop.

  新教堂的奉献仪式由主教主持。

  expand  swell  distend  dilate

  都含“”、“”的意思。

  expand 侧重指“上下、左右、前后的面或体的伸展”, 如:

  Irons expands when it is heated.

  铁加热时就膨胀。

  swell 强调“内在的或外加某物而使增高或加大至超过情况”, 如:

  His injured wrist began to swell.

  他那受伤的手腕开始肿了。

  distend指“内部而引起膨胀”, 如:

  The balloon was distended.

  气球已膨胀。

  dilate指“加宽或增大”, 尤指“加宽或延伸园形物”, 如:

  He looked at it with dilated eyes.

  他睁大了眼睛看它。

  distribute  dispense  divide  allocate

  都含“分配”的意思。

  distribute指“将某物分成, 通常各份的相等, 然后分给某些人或地方”, 如:

  distribute leaflets

  分发传单。

  dispense指“分配给一群人中每个人应得的份”, 如:

  They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage.

  把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。

  divide指“把整体分为若干”, 如:

  divide it into two

  把它分成两份。

  allocate指“分配的财物或任务给某些人、或事业等”, 如:

  We've allocated a sum of money to education.

  拨出了一笔教育经费。

  duty  obligation   responsibility

  都含“职责”、“责任”的意思。

  duty指“道义上的责任”, 较强调“自觉性”, 如:

  Every citizen has the duty to construct his country.

  每个公民都有建设祖国的责任。

  obligation指“法律、合同、诺言等的要求, 应尽的义务”, 如:

  You're under obligation to care her.

  你有义务照顾她。

  responsibility 指“法律、职业或道德等的要求而应尽的责任”, 含有“法津上对后果任”的意味, 如:

  The resposibility rests on us.

  这由

  tendency  trend  drift

  都含“倾向”、“趋势”的意思。

  tendency 指“向某一方向移动或在的趋向中行动”, 如:

  show a tendency to improve

  显示的倾向。

  trend 指“总的趋向或倾向”, 如:

  a recent trend in literature

  文学的最近倾向。

  drift 指“事情的趋势或动向”, 如:

  The drift of opinion was against war.

  舆论的趋势是反对战争。

  melt  dissolve  liquefy  thaw

  都含“熔化”、“溶解”的意思。

  melt 指“加热把物质由固态变为液态”, 如:

  Glass melts at high temperature.

  玻璃在高温下熔化。

  dissolve指“溶解”, 如:

  dissolve sugar in water

  把糖溶解在水中。

  liquefy指“液化”, 即“把固体、气体变为液体”, 如:

  Butter liquefies in heat.

  奶油加热便溶解。

  thaw指“加热把冰雪等冻凝的物体变为液体或半液体”, 如:

  The ice has thawed.

  冰已解冻。

  discover,reveal,disclose在一起的含义是“揭示”。

  discover 是通用词,在表示“”的时候,它的内涵是被或被揭示物老早就客观

  Despite her great age,she was very graceful indeed, but so far ,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

  她年代离开现在很久远了,她的确很有风姿,然而至今考古学家尚出她是那尊女神。

  Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman.

  阿尔夫的妻子从未嫁了清洁工。

  reveal 在表示“揭示”的时候,它的内涵是或好象拉开帷幕把某物展现

  In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer'may reveal something of value fairly soon.

  如此,许多人相信,这架探测器不久便会探出有价值的东西来。

  The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.

  这出戏的最后一场的帷幕升起来了,展现在观众面前的是那位贵族,他孤独地坐在铁栏后的那间黑暗的号房里。

  She reveals her even teeth whenever she smiles.

  每当她微笑时,她那整齐的牙齿便被展现

  disclose 表示把未宣布的事情“透露”

  She disclosed that she had been married for a month.

  她透露结婚月了。

 

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