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| 2009年职称英语考试卫生类AB级强化模拟试题精选三(1) | |||||
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一、单选题: 1、 下面共有15句子，每个句子均有 A) clever B) honest C) brave D) dull 标准答案：a 2、 Data from Voyager II have presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists. A) problem B) mystery C) question D) point 标准答案：b 3、 The film originated from a short story. A) resulted B)derived C) heard D)made 标准答案：b 4、 After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour. A) walk B) rest C) bath D) breath 标准答案：a 5、 This is a subject that has now moved into the political domain. A) extent B) zone C) area D) competition 标准答案：c 6、 She is noted for her generous contribution for the relief of the poor. A) charged B) accused C) famous D) responsible 标准答案：c 7、 He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee. A) spread B) open C) show D) examine 标准答案：c 8、 You startled me when you shouted. A) threatened B) frightened C) interrupted D) troubled 标准答案：b 9、 It is said the houses along this street will soon be demolished. A)pulled down B) pulled up C) pulled off D) pulled in 标准答案：a 10、 She tried to probe my mind and discover what I was thinking. A) solved B) explored C) involved D) exploded 标准答案：b 11、 The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street. A)disallow B) reduce C) prevent D) confine 标准答案：c 12、 He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress. A) despair B) difficulties C) need D) danger 标准答案：d 13.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. A) shaken B) fallen C) damaged D) trembled 标准答案：c 14、 Thick clouds obscured the stars from view. A)darkened B) held C) blackened D)prevent 标准答案：d 15、 The river was contaminated with waste. A) blackened B) polluted C) widened D) mixed 标准答案：b
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请 Spare a Kidney? It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998. There are many reasons. First, it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.) In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks. Just because you do something, however, it doesn't mean you should. Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two. So, what are the risks? "As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding, of infection, of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision," says Dr. Arthur Matas, director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000. There's no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipient's insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability. Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor's suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ -- no matter if you're healthy. "There's often the feeling that you're not a good friend, father, mother if you don't do this," says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania's center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a "medical problem" on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no. 1. From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 244. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2. One of the reasons why the number of kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of two. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3.Yo don't have to be dead to donate a kidney, but you had better know the risks before you give it up. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. None of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from 1994 to 1998 died from the procedure. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 标准答案：B,B,A,C 解 析：1. B.该题是细节题。借助题干中的黑体词 2. B.借助常识判断该句的说法不 3. A.该句凭借常识判断说法 4. C.借助题干中的from 1994 to 1998 17、 5. No one sells organs in the U.S. since it is illegal. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. People with heart disease, diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donation. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7. Some transplant centers invent "medical problems" to cheat potential kidney donors. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 标准答案：C,A,B 解 析：5. C. 6. A. 7. B.
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个 Face masks may not protect from super-flu If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case. But it’s a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We don’t want people wearing them everywhere, ”said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.” When that’s not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, you’re healthy and can’t avoid going to a crowded place. Second, you’re sick and think you may have close contract with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone who’s sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out. Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person. During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contract with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why can’t mask added to this self-protection list? Because they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead. Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you’ve been exposed. It’s harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users. Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing. 1. Paragraph 2 ____. 2. Paragraph 3 ____. 3. Paragraph 5 ____. 4. Paragraph 6 ____. A. reasons for excluding masks from the self-protection list B. effort to stop flu spreading C. when to use face masks D. guidelines on mask use E. warnings from the CDC F. danger of infection through germy hands and masks 标准答案：D,C,A,F 解 析：1.D. 2.C. 段落中 提示： 3.A. mask是该段主题词， 4.F. mask是该段主题词， 1. The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not ___. 2. The CDC is afraid that the public may ___. 3. The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists ___. 4. We can infer from the passage that the US authorities ___. A. overuse face masks B. deal with the mask problem seriously C. rub their faces and noses in the subway D. protest against the mask guidelines E. help protect people from being attacked by a flu F. announce the results of their mask research 标准答案：E,A,F,B 解 析：5.E. 该题可以直接借助问题句前面内容的提示直接判断答案。也 (最后一段)Whether( 从 6.A. (第2段)But it’s a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We don’t want(想要) people wearing them everywhere, ”said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.” 从 7.F.这道题可以借助问题句中语意的提示直接判断答案。该题的答案 从 8.B.这道题可以借助问题句中语意的提示直接判断答案。也可以 If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case. But it’s a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary( 从答案
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并 第1篇 The best way to reduce your weight You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat.An you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.” How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective.but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks. 词汇： obese adj.肥胖的 metabolic adj.新陈代谢的 psychiatric adj.精神病的 练习： 1. What determines your weight? A)Your working manner. B)Your eating habit. C)Your life style. D)Your genes. 2.What did Jules Hirsch do in his study? A)He let the eight fat people skip supper. B)He let the eight fat people skip breakfast. C)He let the eight fat people run every mornin8 and evening. D)He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. 3.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital? A)They went mad. B)They killed themselves. C)They were back to normal weight. D)They attempted suicide 4.What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do? A)Battle their genetic inheritance. B)Increase their weight. C)Stay at home. D)Lower their weight. 5. What did scientists think was true? A)Each person has a fixed weight range. B)Each person has a weight range of 9 kg. C)Each person wants to control his weight. D)Each person wants to eat to his heart's content.
标准答案：D,D,C,B,A 解 析：1.D. 细节题。 You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat.An you ever do is eat(选项B中eating的家族词汇).”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing. Your genes(基因)，not your life habits(习惯)，determine your weight(问题句中的核心结构) and your body constantly ( 答案 2. D。 细节题。 How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research( 答案 3.C. 细节题。 (第3段) How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective.but the health costs are tremendous.(第2题答案 (第4段) Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got (说服)prisoners(犯人) to volunteer to (自愿...)gain weight(增肥， 体重 4.B. 细节题。 (第4段)Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims(问题句中的特征词)，of the University of Vermont，got(说服，使, 变成， (第5段)This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance (选项A中的细节信息结构)if they want to significantly lower their weight(与选项D中的细节信息结构呼应). 第4段中的答案 5.A. 细节题。 (第4段)Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.(第4题答案 This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings ( 答案 第2篇 Fruit and vegetables juices as beneficial to health as fruits and veggies1 A European study has revealed that 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices are as effective as their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts in reducing risk factors related to certain diseases. The conclusion is the result of the study designed to question traditional thinking that 100 percent juices play a less significant role in reducing risk for both cancer and cardiovascular disease than whole fruits and vegetables. Juices are comparable in their ability to reduce risk compared to2 their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts, according to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. The researchers analyzed a variety of studies that looked at risk reduction attributed to3 the effects of both fiber and antioxidants. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables.4 “When considering cancer and coronary heart disease5 prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said. The researchers added that the positioning of juices as being nutritionally inferior to6 whole fruits and vegetables in relationship to chronic disease development is “unjustified” and that policies, which suggest otherwise about fruit and vegetable juices, should be re-examined. The researchers who authored the paper suggest that more studies in certain area are needed to bolster their findings. “Although this independent review of the literature is not designed to focus on any particular 100 percent juice, it does go a long way7 in demonstrating that fruit and vegetable juices do play an important role in reducing the risk of various diseases, especially cancer and cardiovascular disease,” said Sue Taylor. Her opinion is in agreement with8 the Juice Products Association,9 a non-profit organization not associated with this research. She added that appropriate amounts of juices should be included in the diet of both children and adults, following guidelines established by leading health authorities. Taylor also points to a large epidemiological study, published in the September 2006 issue of the Journal of Medicine, which found that consumption of a variety of 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices was associated with a reduced risk for Alzheimer’s disease.10 In fact, that study found that individuals who drank three or more servings of fruit and vegetable juices per week had a 76 percent lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease than those who drank juice less than once per week. The study was published in the International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition11 (2006). 词汇： counterpart n. 对应的人或物 cardiovascular adj. 心血管的 comparable adj. ( ~ to/with ) 可与…相比的，比得上…的 fiber ( = fibre ) n. 纤维 antioxidant ( = antioxygen ) n. 抗氧化剂 coronary adj. 冠状的 position n.位置 vt. 安排，安置;定位 nutritionally adv. 营养上 inferior adj. 低等的，劣等的。次的 bolster vt. 支持，支撑 non-profit adj. 不营利的，非营利性的 epidemiologic(al) adj. 流行病学的 serving n. 一份饭菜
注释： 1. veggie ( = veggy ) ：蔬菜( = vegetable )。也可指“素食者”( = vegetarian )。 2. compared to： 3. attributed to：被 4. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables. 由此 5. coronary heart disease (CHD)：冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)。但要注意，CHD 也可指先天性心脏病( congenital heart disease )。 6. inferior to：低于…的，次于…的，不如…的 7. it does go a long way：它的确对…有 8. in agreement with：与… 9. Juice Products Association：果汁产品协会 10. Alzheimer’s disease ( Alois Alzheimer )：阿尔茨海默病，早老性痴呆 11. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition：国际食品科学与营养杂志 练习： 1. What on earth in both fruits and vegetables and their juices plays the most important role in reducing risk for diseases? A) Proteins. B) Vitamins. C) Carbohydrates. D) Fiber and antioxidant. 2. The judgment that fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial to reducing chronic disease development is ________. A) evident B) obvious C) incorrect D) conclusive 3. The review of the literature has documented the important role of fruit and vegetable juices in reducing the risk of various disease, ________ in particular. A) lung problems B) cancer and cardiovascular disease C) stomach and intestine disorders D) ear, nose and throat troubles 4. A large epidemiological study also found that using various 100% fruit and vegetable juices contributed to a reduced risk for ________. A) Alzheimer’s disease B) inherited disease C) infectious disease D) blood-transmitted disease 5. People who drink 3-4 servings of fruit and vegetable juices weekly may ________ risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease ________ those who drink only once a week. A) have twenty-three percent higher, than B) have three quarters lower, than C) be one hundred and twenty-three percent as high, as D) be one hundred and seventy-six percent as high, as 标准答案：D,C,B,A,B 解 析：1.D. 细节题。 (第2段)Juices are comparable in their ability to reduce risk compared to2 their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts, according to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. The researchers( 答案 2. C。 细节题。 Juices are comparable in their ability to reduce risk compared to2 their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts, according to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. ( (第3段)“When considering cancer and coronary heart disease5 prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said. The researchers( 答案 3.B. 细节题。 “When considering cancer and coronary heart disease5 prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said.(第2题答案 (第4段)The researchers who authored the paper suggest that more studies in certain area are needed to bolster their findings. “Although( 答案
4.A.细节题。 (第4段)The researchers who authored the paper suggest that more studies in certain area are needed to bolster their findings. (第3题答案 In fact, that study found that individuals who drank three or more servings of fruit and vegetable juices per week had a 76 percent lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease than those who drank juice less than once per week. The study was published in the International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition11 (2006). 答案 5.B细节题。 In fact(事实上), that study found( 答案 Dangerous Sunshine to Children Two United Nations' agencies warned on Tuesday that children are most at risk of developing skin cancers as a result of the long-term decline in the earth's protective ozone layer. The agencies. the World Health Organization(WHO) and the UN Environmental Programme(UNEP)，issued the warning as they launched a global programm aimed at altering schools to the dangers of exposure to the sun. "As ozone depletion becomes more marked, and as people around the world engage more in sun-seeking behavior, the risk of health complications from overexposure to ultra-violet radiation is becoming a substantial public health concern, ”said WHO Director-general' Lee Jong-wook. By reducing the time children and adolescents are exposed to direct sunlight, he said “We can substantial]y reduce the risk of contracting skin cancers, cataracts and other conditions which might only appear much later in life.” In its 2002 World Health Report，the WHO said around the world an average of 66,000 people died every year from melanoma or other types of skin cancer. Independent scientific research shows that every year there are between two to three million new cases 'of non-malignant melanoma and around 130,000 malignant'- and normally fatal - new full-blown skin cancer cases. Although most known skin cancers seemed to occur in the industrialized world, WHO radiation and environmental health specialist Mike Repachoh told a news Conference，there were many cases believed to. be unreported in poorer countries. Although people with darkerskins were less susceptible to` akin cancers, they were just as likely to contract eye cataractsas fairer-skinned populations. and people living close to the equator were even more likely to develop them. As for the protection method, the WHO said that under the school plan, dubbed the Intersun Project, the two agencies will distribute packages showing teachers how to develop their own sun education programs, the WHO said. In a joint statement from the two agencies which also marked the International Day for the preservation of the Ozone Layer, UNEP Executive Director' Klaus Toepfer said latest studies showed the protective shield was on the road to' recovery. This was the result of international agreements over the decades to phase out use of various chemicals - like those used in some pesticides, refrigerators and aerosols. "But we must remain vigilant and more needs to be done before we can say the problem is solved for good"," said Toepfer. This included stopping illegal trade in chemicals and enforcing the agreements in developing countries. "Only then can we say the sky above our heads will be safe for our children and their children to come," the German environment minister said. 词汇： ozone n. 臭氧 alert vt. 向…发出普报.使普觉 depletion 耗尽(精力或资源等) complication 并发症，并发病 ultra-violet adj.紫外(线)的n.萦外线 contract vt.患(病)，感染(恶习等) cataract 白内障 melanoma .黑素瘤 non-malignant 非恶性的 malignant adj.恶性的 full-blown adj. 成熟的 fairer-skinned/ 肤色较浅的 pesticide 杀虫剂 aerosol 烟，雾， 烟雾剂 vigilant adj.警锡的 1.Why does the risk of developing skin cancers in children become greater and greater? A Because they pay little attention to their skin health. B Because they are short of physical training C Because the earth’s protective ozone layer declines year after year D Because the earth is getting warmer and warmer 2. How many people die from skin cancers including melanoma all over the world every year? A an average of 66,000 B approximately 130,00 C about 196,000 D between 2,000,000 to 3,000, 000 3. What people are more likely to develop eye cataracts? A Fairer-skinned people B. Darker-skinned people C People living near the equator D People living near the poles 4. All of the following articles may use some chemicals unfavorable for the preservation of ozone layer except ____ A. aerosols B. refrigerators C. pesticides D. medicines 5. The phrase “for good” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by ___. A permanently B. correctly C largely D well 标准答案：C,A,C,D,A 解 析：1.C.细节题。 Two United Nations(联合国)' agencies(机构， 代理处) warned(警告) on Tuesday(星期二) that children are most(非常， 很，最) at risk of (位于...的危险中)developing(患) skin cancers as a result of ( 答案 2.A. 细节题。 ( (第3段)In its 2002 World Health Report(世界健康报告)，the WHO(世界健康组织) said around the world (all over the world的近义短语结构)an average(平均数) of 66,000 people died(死于...) every year from melanoma (黑色素瘤)or other types(类型) of skin cancer(皮肤癌). 答案
3.C细节题。 ( (第4段) Although most known skin cancers seemed to occur in the industrialized world, WHO radiation and environmental health specialist Mike Repachoh told a news Conference，there were many cases believed to be unreported in poorer countries. Although( 4.D. 细节题。 ( (第5段)As for the protection method, the WHO said that under the school plan, dubbed the Intersun Project, the two agencies will distribute packages showing teachers how to develop their own sun education programs, the WHO said. In a joint statement from the two agencies which also marked the International Day for the preservation of the Ozone Layer, UNEP Executive Director' Klaus Toepfer said latest studies showed the protective shield(屏障) was on the road to (在去...的路途中)recovery(恢复/痊愈). (第4题答案 答案 提示： 5.A. 可以借助字典直接 (最后一段)"But we must remain( 第五 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请 The value of motherhood In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying “ a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”. When you log onto1 a website, a small popo-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. _____(1)_____. The popularity of Mother’s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more-enough to make her horrified. _____(2)_____. They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother’s Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities, Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother’s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother’s Day even got her arrested-for disturbing the peace, interestingly. _____(3)_____. As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally “motherhood is something that we do because we think it’s right.” But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better. _____(4)_____. So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation. _____(5)_____. According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives. So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother’s Day needs to be updated: “It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people.” 注释： 1. log onto 登录到期。 log onto a website 登录到 2. pop-up 弹出式菜单。 a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her.一张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。 练习 A The American version of Mother’s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood. B But what’s more, commercialism changes young people’s attitude towards motherhood. C Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit. D According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday. E As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s. F In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. 标准答案：A,D,B,F,E 解 析：1. A. 选项A 中 2. D. 选项D中有2词与空格后句中的词语呼应(D： cards – cards; holiday - holiday)， 提示： 细节信息句(常常带有数字， 或 3. B. 选项B和选项E中均 4. F. 5.E. 第6 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请 Once-daily pill could simplify HIV treatment Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many H.I.V. drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and H.I.V./AIDS,2 for example, are all treated with ____1____ of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be ____2____ if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day. Now, two companies say they have done that for people just ____3____ treatment for H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have ____4____ a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them ____5____ the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the ____6____, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four. Combining drugs involves more than ____7____ issues. It also involves issues of competition ____8____ the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of ____9____ is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of H.I.V. In January the New England Journal of Medicine5 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its ____10____ to6 that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir ____11____ two drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed H.I.V. levels in more patients and with ____12____ side effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline. Glaxo Smith Kline reacted ____13____ the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies. The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to ____14____ the new pill. There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, ____15____ women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11 Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with H.I.V.
词汇： malaria n. 疟疾 tuberculosis n. 结核(病) joint adj. 联合的， suppress vt. 抑制 pregnant adj. 妊娠的，有孕的 注释： 1. HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus )：人免疫缺陷病毒 2. AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome )： 3. (be / come)on the market：出售 4. Sustiva 5. New England Journal of Medicine：新英格兰医药杂志。New England 是美国东北六州( Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 和 Connecticut )的总称。 6. 英国英语中compare with是“与…相 7. AZT (Azidothymidine )：叠氨胸苷(能抑制引起艾滋病的人免疫缺陷病毒) 8. 3TC：拉夫米定( 9. side effect：副作用 10. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)：美国食品与药品管理局 11. birth disorder：先天性疾病 练习： 1. A) conservation B) cooperation C) combinations D) considerations 2. A) simpler B) more complex C) more meaningless D) more troublesome 3. A) starting B) stopping C) ending D) discontinuing 4. A) analyzed B) examined C) explored D) developed 5. A) before B) after C) under D) above 标准答案：C,A,A,D,C 解 析：1. C 空格前句中 2. A 被选项A中的核心词simpler是文章主题词simplify的家族词汇， 3. A 被选项B， C和D在“停止”这层词义上互为近义词， 4. D 空格所在的句子说“ 5. C 这几个介词中， 考点：固定搭配短语结构(介词短语结构)。 25、 6. A) one B) ones C) other D) others 7. A) social B) technical C) personal D) historical 8. A) if B) as if C) though D) as though 9. A) that B) which C) what D) whatever 10. A) size B) shape C) appearance D) effectiveness 标准答案：D,B,A,C,D 解 析：6. D 上面提到两家公司 考点：上下文之间的意义关系，篇章短语结构one ... the others... 7. B 空格所在的句子说“合成药 8. A 被选项B和D互为近义词， 考点：状语从句 9. C the result of后面 10. D 26、 11. A) excludes B) contains C) looks like D) tastes of 12. A) few B) fewer C) many D) more 13. A) for B) with C) to D) into 14. A) prove B) disprove C) improve D) approve 15. A) weak B) strong C) elder D) pregnant 标准答案：B,B,C,D,D 解 析：11. B 四个选项中 12. B 既然 13. C react to(“对... 14. D 空格所在的句子说“ 15. D 本句后面 |
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：词汇选择(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择
短文的内容对每个句子
判断。
该句
的是
信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;
提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
答案线索，
在
句，判断问题句的说法错误。
原文是说“捐赠肾脏的人数在1994年是68人，而到了1998年就
到了176人”，与问题句中说的“从1994年到1998年捐赠肾脏的人数
了244人”不
。
，
可以直接判断“错误”。
题干中
的“reasons， better off， with one kidney instead of two”
答案
假称有一只肾脏比有两只肾脏
”，显然该句的说法与问题句的说法不
答案
是“
是在用数字表述死于肾脏移植的风险率，
，很
替那些不愿捐赠的人保住面子”而
问题句中所说的“欺骗
肾脏捐赠的人”
句子(每题1分，共8分)
的位置上。
段落主要讲述美国疾病控制和预防中心
的口罩使用
方针， 不希望公众过度使用口罩(段落第2句和第3句)， 
词汇所
会有综述性的话语， 
推断F很
) people should or should not use face masks still(仍然) remains(
， 留下) a question(问题). The general public (普通的民众)has to wait patiently(耐心地) for the results of the mask research(
)scientists are still doing.
的答案
的) guidelines(
的是
非常严肃的
对待口罩问题。
地，经常地)tries to maintain(
，维修， 主张) it.
细节信息词及特征结构(A: supper; B: breakfast; C: every morning and evening; D: liquid formula, 600 calories )
) lost 45kg on average(平均).But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
的) lost(失去， 输(比赛)) 45kg (4.5公斤???)on average(平均).(第4句)But after leaving the hospital，they all regained(恢复).The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal(是选项D中的细节信息词的家族词汇).They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight(选项C中的细节信息词)，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
) months after the study ended(结束)，they were back to(恢复到) normal(
的) weight and stayed停留在那里 there.
) prisoners(犯人) to volunteer to (自愿)gain weight(与选项B中的细节信息结构呼应).In four to six months，they ate as much as they could(尽
地)increasing their weight(与选项B中的细节信息结构呼应) by(了) 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
的， 忠诚的) --- each person has a comfortable(舒适的) weight range .The range might be as much as(大约)9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort. But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
是
起来的话。这是
分词短语，作条件状语。
，美国英语中compare to也有compare with的意思。
断定，水果和蔬菜所起的
作用
来自纤维，而且也来自抗氧化剂，
水果
蔬菜，其全果或汁液都含有这两种物质。这里要注意的是在语法结构上，fruits and vegetables offer是positive impact的定语从句，省略了关系代词that。
帮助。go a long/good way：大有帮助，很
。此处does是起强调作用的助动词，接下来的 do play an important role中的 do
各样的) studies(
) attributed to3 (被归因于...的)the effects(
， 决定) that the positive(
) fruits and vegetables.4
纤维和抗氧化剂。其它A、B、C三个选项文章均未提及。
) inferior to (比...差)whole(整个的)fruits and vegetables in relationship to (关于， 涉及)chronic disease development is “unjustified(
检查).
的关系
“不
) this independent(独立的) review of the literature (文献评论)is not designed to (被设计用于...)focus on(关注) any particular(
的， 详细的) 100 percent juice, it does go a long way (的确大有帮助)in(在...
的作用)reducing(
。
一次的人相比，前者患早老性痴呆病的危险性下降了76%，76%
不喝的人的123%，D项是
地球臭氧层的长期衰退而
儿童患皮肤癌的风险增大” ， 
类型的皮肤癌。 
人， 人口), and people living close to (接近...)the equator were even more likely to develop them.
淘汰)use of various(
呼应：Mother’s Day – Mother’s Day, Anna Javi – Javis, 
F 中有指代人的复数名词(women)能
空格后句中代词they的指代内容， 
关注E。 从句意上看， E是概括句，空格后句是用
的数字对E
后面
治疗艾滋病药物的商品名。
肝脏组织的病变)
(提示1：
...
场上在出售的三种药合成在一起”， 上文提到“有两家公司
里均不合适。
用“others”。
状语从句， 
可以排除that(that
新的每天服一次的药丸被描述成在治疗HIV病毒的过程中所达成的
同药物
关注这两个选项(提示2：答案常常出自
，副作用自然应该“更少”，这是使用新药前后的对比，故