【摘 要】 虚拟语气对职高学生来说是比较难的语法知识，本文通过分析了虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用。 【关键字】 虚拟语气 从句 一、条件句中的虚拟语气
1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
2.条件句中的虚拟语气的举例
(1)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
(2)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.
(3)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
I could have done better if I had been more careful．
3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
(1)当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.
(2)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间来调整。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be a teacher, too.
If they had informed us, we would not come here now.
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.
(3)当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.
Were she here, she would agree with us.
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
(4)有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：
I would have come to see you, but I was too busy.
But for his help, we would be working now.
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.
(5)有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it.
You could have passed this exam.
②省略主句
If I were at home now.
If only I had got it.
二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气
1．目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. He started out earlier lest he should be late.
(2)在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from www.省略)：
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.
2.让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.
(2)在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
①may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：
We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be.
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
②may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：
You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.
We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.
(3)在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student.
3.方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.
He coughed twice as if someone should come.
参考文献
章振邦，张月祥.新编英语语法概要[M].上海译文出版社，1985.]