Abstract.The agricultural parks in the urban areas are the most important platforms, which are aiming attransforming the agricultural development model and promoting the development of the modern agriculture and also feature the characteristic industrial agglomeration, the functional diversification, the high addedvalue efficiency, the persist profit making and the comprehensive benefit. For this reason, it is highly necessary for the modern Chinese people to work hard from the thinking of ideas, the policies and measures and the organization and leadership in an all-round way, to achieve the actual results.
Key words: Agricultural Development Model; Urban Agriculture; Parks
1. Introduction
In 2010, the No.1 document of the central government of China stressed that it was highly necessary to regard the development of the modern agriculture as a major task of the transformation of the economic development model.
Besides, the agricultural parks in the urban areas are the most important platforms, which are aiming at transforming the agricultural development model and promoting the development of the modern agriculture. For this reason, it is highly necessary to promote the great development of the agricultural parks in the urban areas.
In addition, in face of the traditional agricultural development model, it is an inevitable choice to transform the agricultural development model and construct the agricultural parks in the urban areas.
2. Main Features of Transform the Agricultural Development Model and Construct the Urban Agricultural Parks
Compared with the traditional agricultural development model, the agricultural parks in the urban areas, which represent a new trend of the modern agriculture, has the characteristics in the following.
2.1. Agglomeration of industries with characteristics
The agricultural parks in the urban areas have a certain scale and are of high industrial agglomeration to some extent. At the same time, they are the innovation in the agricultural knowledge, the advanced agricultural development situation and the marketing ways, and also attach higher importance to the combination of production and consumption, to achieve interaction and mutual gathering.
2.2. Functional diversification
The products, which are manufactured in the urban agricultural parks, are the materialization patterns of the new ideas, the new technologies and the contents, and are the products from the intersection, penetration, radiation and integration of the multi-knowledge, the multi-discipline and the multi-culture and the multi-technology.
2.3. Highly-efficient added-value
The creative agriculture can not only make an improvement to the comprehensive efficiency of the agricultural industry, and also can make the chain of the agricultural industry extended, to make the growth of the agricultural income realized in multiple links.
In the mean time, it is conducive to making an increase to the performance of the agricultural products, the labor productivity and the resource utilization, and provides the society with the intelligent, characteristic, personalized, and artistic products and services.
In addition, it can open up new consumption markets. Therefore, the proportion of the added values of both technology and culture is significantly higher than the general agricultural products and related services.
2.4. Persist profit making
The agriculture in the agricultural parks of the urban areas is an industry that can attain a sustainable development as well. It can make profits continuously at the premise of occupying the intellectual property rights and through the continuous replication of the creativity.
2.5. Comprehensive benefit
The agricultural parks of the urban areas can not merely make an enhancement to the development of economy, and also can give consideration to all aspects of society.
At the same time, the urban agricultural parks exert a huge impact on the traditional consumption ideas and thinking ways of the people, but also have an important effect on the promotion of the industrial structural adjustment and the change of society.
Therefore, the urban agricultural parks can play a profound influence on the aspects of society, economy and culture.
3. Problems in the Urban Agricultural Development of China
3.1. Dragged-behind infrastructure in rural areas
A great number of the practices have shown that the dragged-behind infrastructure in the rural places will change into the bottleneck that imposes restrictions on the agricultural development of the urban areas of China.
For this reason, to some extent, the poor infrastructure imposes restrictions on the formation of the industrialization of the urban agricultural industry of China, and plays a negative effect on the application and promotion of the agricultural science and technology.
3.2. Imperfect market operation mechanism
The governments at all places of China still exert many administrative interventions on the market operation of the agricultural products.
3.3. Inadequate science and technology and capital investment
The source of the capital is still too single; the utilization of the capital is in absence of planning. These can be reflected from the characteristics that the development projects do not have the key points and the financing channels are not smooth.
In addition, at the present time, the science and technology investment on the development of the agricultural industry of the urban areas is not sufficient. This can be mainly reflected from the few of the science and technology originalities as well as the few of the breakthrough innovations as well as the insufficient technology integration.
In the mean time, the new type of resources is in shortage of the integration platforms, and the core competencies of science and technology are still necessary to be improved.
3.4. Insufficient governmental regulation and supports
Up to now, China still does not have an authoritative department to rule the work that is related to the agricultural development of the urban areas.
4. Construction of the Multifunctional Development Model of the Urban Agriculture
It is necessary for the multifunctional development of the agricultural industry of the urban areas to attach higher importance to the application and integration of the agricultural science and technology and the other kinds of technologies, make an enhancement to the expansion to the extension functions of the agricultural industry of the urban areas, develop the ecological and highly-efficient agriculture, and establish a sound agricultural market mechanism as well as risk prevention mechanism.
4.1. Ecologically excellent production model
The eco-excellent production model is making an increase to the quality of the agricultural products through the optimization of the ecological environment, and hence promoting the benefit of the agricultural development of the urban areas to attain an improvement. The domestic and international development experience has shown that the economic and ecological benefits in the development process of the urban agricultural industry are in co-existence and mutual integration; the improvements in the eco-efficiency can promote the economic efficiency to increase.
However, the improvements in the economic efficiency will make an improvement on the ecological efficiency further.
4.2. Culture-oriented model
In the process of developing the agriculture in the urban areas, the integration of the cultural factors can not only make the related projects and the grades of the development of the urban agriculture enhanced, and can also strengthen the attractiveness of the agriculture in the urban areas and generate greater economic and social benefits actually.
4.3. Theme displaying model
The theme displaying model can be divided into the displaying areas for the new agricultural products, the new agricultural technologies, and the new agricultural equipments and so on.
Through the on-site demonstrations, the results shows, the experimental researches and the science popularity activities, the theme displaying model changes into one of the most effective ways to drive the demonstrative promotion of the agricultural technologies of the urban areas and the combination of the production and consumption of the agricultural products.
Therefore, it is necessary for the theme displaying model to make use of the governmental guidance, the enterprise bodies, and the socialized operation model.
4.4. Market outward expansion model
It is necessary to make an expansion to the scope of services, rely on the city platforms, and foster the strong bodies that have the most powerful ability in the development of markets, make an increase to the capital, technologies and types, and form a structure that are based on the internal productions and bases but server for the external markets.
As a result, the agricultural regionalization and market-orientation of the agriculture in the urban areas can be achieved with a gradual step. Subsequently, the internationalization can be realized further.
5.Suggestions for Transforming the Agricultural Development Models and Constructing the Urban Agricultural Parks
With the purpose of developing the agricultural parks of the urban areas, it is necessary to work hard from the thinking of ideas, the policies and measures and the organization and leadership in an all-round way, to achieve the actual results.
5.1. Updating ideas and strengthening the awareness of the modern agriculture
With the purpose of emancipating the minds and changing the development concepts, it is highly necessary to make an enhancement to the people’s awareness and understanding of the modern agriculture in the process of promoting the effective joint of the characteristic agricultural products and the consumption markets.
In the mean time, it is necessary to pay attention to recommending the typical development patterns. Then, it is necessary to fully exploit the advanced models, vigorously promote the typical cases, and play a typical demonstration role, and make the knowledge in modern agriculture universal.
5.2.Fostering the urban agriculture market system and improving the distribution efficiency of agricultural products
The rapid road systems and agricultural logistics, which attain a development relying on the urban development, can greatly reduce the time o transport the agricultural products, and make an extension to the accessibility and scientific features of the agricultural products.
Therefore, the agricultural logistics can be utilized to open up the market for the agricultural products.
5.3.Strengthening the governmental macro-guidance and services
First, it is necessary for the government to combine the local environment and resources characteristics and the market needs to develop the planning on the agricultural parks in the rural areas in an all-round way, and effectively promote the implementation of planning.
Second, it is necessary for the relevant governmental departments to make an enhancement to the research and analysis on the markets, and provide the guidance and information services for the development of the agricultural parks in the urban areas.
5.4.Strengthening policy and financial supports
It is necessary for the governments at the local places to increase the financial investments and make an enhancement to the construction of the modern agricultural technology support system, improve the agricultural insurance system further, and enlarge the intensity of attracting the foreign investment, the industrial and commercial capitals, and the private capitals.
With a gradual step, the multi-channel investment mechanism, which is under the guidance of the governments and is supplemented with the cooperative investment, can be formed. In the mean time, it is necessary to implement the project management for the governmental capital investments, and make use of the projects to match funds to enhance the development potentials of the agricultural parts in the urban areas.
5.5.Relying on science and technology to improve the overall production efficiency comprehensively
It is necessary to actively make an exploration on the construction of the agricultural science and technology innovation system and the technology promotion mechanism, and also speed up the high-tech development and industrialization of the high agricultural technologies. More specifically, this includes the acceleration of the construction of the science and technology innovation and the organization of the joint production, learning and research, and the development of the multi-field and deep-level collaborative researches.
In the mean time, it is necessary to strengthen the promotion of science and technology, accelerate the introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation of the results of science and technology. It is also necessary to develop the various and multi-level technical training. Also, it is necessary to be based on the talents in science and technology, to promote the healthy development of the industrial parks. Thus, the policy of "going-out and introduction" can be combined to train a great number of technology leaders through the implementation of the specific projects, and therefore an enhancement can be made to the construction of the professional teams.
In addition, it is necessary to make an improvement on the working mechanisms, encourage the technical staff to go into the homes of peasants to give production guidance to them at sites. Hence, it is necessary to take advantage of the points to promote the development of a wide range and set up some typical cases, and establish a professional team that have a good working style, skilled techniques and highly-efficient technologies, and provide the technical supports for the development of the industrial development in the agricultural parks.
It is necessary to vigorously implement the double-system that is oriented at union bases and large households for the cadres of the agricultural technologies, combine the face-to-face teaching and the hand-to-hand guidance, extensively develop the training classes for the planting households in the agricultural parks, and speed up the popularization of the results of the agricultural science and technology.
As a result, the sustainable agricultural development, which maximizes the economic, ecological benefits, has a high content in science and technology, and consumes the resources lowly, and imposes little pollution on environment, and takes full advantage of the advantages of the human resources.
6. References
[1]Yingman Wang, Lijun Xu. Thinking on Wuxi Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Parks [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2009, (01).
[2]Yingheng Zhou, Xianhui Geng. Meaning, Characteristics and Development Trends of the Modern Agriculture [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, (10).
[3]Xiujie Huang, Dong Chen. Discussion on the Urban Agricultural Parks Operation Mechanism―Take Guangdong Province for Example [J]. Anhui Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008, (14).