篇一：托福初体验(2008.6.7中央广播电视大学考场)
考的日子。早上，刚进出租车，就被司机当作是高考考生。原来我还是那么像高中生阿：） 在车上，不免回想了一下三年前的今天，自己也是这样有些不安地向一个完全陌生、却有可能决定自己命运的地方进发。
三年前的事情还历历在目，而自己马上又要踏上一条新的征途了。
Anyway，托福，只是一个开始。
写这个小结，主要目的是将自己的考场体验记录下来，供即将考试的小盆友们参考。至于一般小结喜欢涉及的备考经验，本文将不会专章叙述。
其一，备考经验因人而异，只有自己才最清楚自己最需要哪些准备；
其二，我这次准备托福的过程实在是支离破碎，不甚理想，说出来只能见笑于方家，难免还会误人子弟，本人对此实在于心不忍；
其三，纵使我的备考经验中有可借鉴者，但由于考试结果尚未出炉，实在拿不准哪些是有用的。
当然，虽然没有专门的备考经验，但在叙述考场经验时难免由于技术上的或者情绪上的要求提及之前的准备工作。相信各位小盆友必能明察秋毫，找出对自己有用的信息。
废话说了一堆。言归正传之前还有一些话要说（这可不是废话）：感谢Celia同学给我提供备考经验还有口语模版，前者为了指明了备考的方向，后者则是救我于水火之中啊（所以一定要报告你啊~一定一定~）；感谢一嵋的考场经验，不仅让我对考试的流程有了了解，也让我不再那么惧怕考试了，过几天就要一起吃饭了，兴奋ing^-^；感谢太傻网上的众位高人，你们的提供的资料和经验让我受益匪浅，不过我实在太喜欢潜水了所以从来都只在心中默默致谢（附：太傻网的托福备考资源信息可以说是网上最全最好的了，强烈推荐！）;还要感谢爸爸妈妈一直鼓励我，支持我，早上接到爸爸的短信真的很温馨；当然还要感谢众多亲爱的们发短信、留言鼓励我，关心我~
感谢大家~没有你们，我肯定没办法完成这个对我来说那么艰巨的任务！
考前看机经，发现感谢的话一般都是放到文末来说。但考虑到这些话非常重要，所以放到了文章的一开头。下面就是本人的考试经验，望各位笑纳~~~
注：时间不够的人可以只看红色的Tips。
开考之前
早上7点就醒了，然后起床。照常洗漱、吃早饭。又检查了一遍昨晚收好的书包，发现包太大，于是换了个小包，把东西都腾了出来。事实证明非常正确。考场的储物箱虽然也不算小，但大包毕竟不如小包方便。出门前又检查了一遍包里的东西。从重要程度排序为：护照、考试确认信（上面有考场信息）、两支黑色签字笔（为了之后填写考试誓词）、口语模版和综合写作模版（让我垂死挣扎一下吧……）、打车的零钱（几张10块的，几张1块的）、小瓶装矿泉水、德芙巧克力、手表、餐巾纸、雨伞（天气预报今天有雨）。穿的衣服是宽松的绵质T-shirt，棉质运动裤和运动鞋，都是平时穿的旧衣物，图的就是舒服，至于形象就……很像高中生。特别要说说证件的事情。托福考试对证件的要求是：有护照的话，
只要护照一种证件就够了；没有护照的话就比较麻烦，要带上两种证件，如身份证和和驾驶证，身份证和经过注册的学生证等等。建议大家没有护照的都去办一个，比较方便。
Tip1：出门之前一定要检查包！！！有护照一定要带，没有护照就带好另外两种重要证件；一定要打印考试确认信（或者抄写上面的全部内容），没有上面的考场信息很麻烦；带上一支黑色签字笔，否则到时候还得向人借笔；备考资料带一点，等待时可以看免得心慌；一定要带水，便于考试中间补充水分，食物就随便了。
考试确认信上写的考试时间是早上10点，要求9点半前入场。考虑到今天有高考，为了避开高考学生高峰，决定8点半出门打车。事实证明决策正确！只用了20分钟就到了考场，到考场时才8点50分（当然我家离考场本来就比较近）。广播电大在路南侧，十分明显。之后等了大概25分钟，9点15分考试程序才正式开始。
Tip2：根据自己住地离考场的距离和当天的可能交通情况确定出门时间。一般来说，如果考场不是太远，8点到8点半出门就可以了，去得太早没事可做反而会紧张。
等电梯时，看到有个女生也拿着考试确认信，就跟她聊了一下天。在到考场和填写考试誓词之前的这段时间，到考场的考生们都有些不知所措。我先给爸妈打了个电话说到考场了，然后就拿出口语模版和综合写作模版大声朗读起来。期间还跟监考考试询问了一下情况，聊了一下天。广播电大的监考老师人超级和蔼，还很幽默，说这个考场是个福地，曾经诞生过118，还说这里的人都上了100的云云。老师nice，人的心情也比较好~
Tip3：在考场等待时不要慌，也不要无所事事，再背背模版，稳定一下情绪；和别人聊天是缓解紧张情绪的很好方法。
9点15分左右，老师开始发考试誓词。带了笔的同学马上开始贴着墙奋笔疾书，没戴笔的同学只好可怜巴巴地向别人借笔。如果你到这时还想攒人品的话，不妨多带几支笔，一定会有人跟你借笔的：P抄写完之后还有一点时间才进场，可以上厕所。这时候一般不太挤，因为大家都急着在之前排队上过了。
Tip4：带笔填写誓词，然后上厕所，准备开考~
9点25分左右，老师看大家都写得差不多了，便让大家排成一队。这时候是个关键：排在哪里就决定你什么时候开始考试。各种机井中推荐的都是站在队伍中部。我随意一站，竟然站到了第三个！（大家都不愿意站排头……）但这时候再往后站也没法站中间，只能站最后了。我掂量了一下，认为队头总比队尾好，就接受了这个顺序。（站队尾的话，你做阅读时别人可能就开始口语了；对于抗干扰能力不强的人比如我，那真的会是desaster。并且会结束的非常晚，可能你的体力会不济哦~）事实证明，这个位置其实还不错，虽然提心吊胆半天自己能不能偷听到口语，但最终的结果证明：只要你不是第一二个人，你都是有可能听到的！
Tip5：站队时首选中间，其次是队头，队尾嘛，能避免就避免吧~一旦站定，不管站在哪里都不要再想了。毕竟这些只是客观条件，考试最重要的还是人的主观能动性！
9点30，开始照相、存包、进场。照相时要出示证件，照完相老师会告诉你你的座位号，一定要记住。之后老师给钥匙，然后你就到旁边存包，这时可以喝两口水。进场时什么证件也不用带，别的东西也可以不带。我带了手表（不是必须，考试系统可以显示时间）、皮筋（扎头发用）和餐巾纸（本来不在允许物品范围，但我咨询了考场老师，得到的回答是带两张擦擦汗可以被默许）。进场时需要告诉里面的老师你的座位号，这也是为什么这个数字你必须在考试期间记清楚。
Tip6：出示证件，照相，记住座位号，拿钥匙存包前喝口水，进场什么也不用带，抖擞精神准备考试吧！
进场之后，老师把我领到我的座位28号。一看，竟然是最边上的一个，还有挡板。有点绝望：这样的地理位置实在不利于听别人的口语……情绪因此有点低落，后来才知道大可不必。就像前面所说的：只要你不是第一二个进场的，你都是有机会的！就座后，老师输入密码，进入了考试系统。之后老师就走了。这时候别急着点continue，赶快写模版吧！桌上有三张草稿纸和削好的铅笔。我把综合写作的模版写了出来，还把口语模版的大概内容写了出来。反正这时候不计入考试时间，只要没有老师干涉，你大可以尽情地把你脑子里的模版写出来。事实证明非常有用（尤其是写作模版！）要知道，等到中间休息时，你头昏脑胀再开始写模版，就没那么容易咯~写完之后，别太得意，定定神，开始考试吧。
Tip7：入场后不要急着开始，老师一走就开始写模版（口语和综合写作），能写多少写多少！但要注意不要把一张纸的两面都写满了，否则之后换草稿纸时会有被收走的危险（具体见下文）！
阅读
终于开始考试了。
先是话筒试音。没想到试音时间会那么长，说完“I live in Beijing”之后我就不知道该说什么了。本以为会播放录音，没想到并没有录音的复现，只是告诉你你的话筒没问题。
每一个步骤之前都有n多步问你准备好了没有。原则是，不要急着continue，等吧，多点时间休息算一点。不过有的地方是不会自动跳转的，所以调整好了就继续吧。
第一篇阅读是单独计时的，20分钟。果然像传说中的一样，第一篇比较难，刚开始考试人也比较紧张，所以时间比较紧。注意右上角的时间，不要太慢了。注意运用Review功能检查自己的答题情况。我做完第一篇之后，一review就发现有一道题没答！赶快进入题目，发现自己不知道为什么没有点击成功。赶快点了自己选的答案，暗自庆幸~
第二三篇阅读就会好很多，我是做到第三篇是忽然感到轻松了许多。做第二篇是还出了点状况：我的电脑忽然黑屏了！赶紧举手跟老师说明，老师又让我找场外的老师，于是跟场外老师说明。进来后检查发现是电脑的线松了……无奈就这样损失了1分多钟。不过还好没有太影响心情。似乎考场中别的人也遇到一些状况。总之要保持镇静，问题都能得到解决的。
我是听力加试，所以做完第三篇阅读就开始听力部分了。不点continue，先休息一下~跟老师换铅笔和草稿纸。注意：老师把我写满的那张纸收回去了！还好模版写在另一张纸上并且没写满，所以没被收走。
Tip8：阅读第一篇20分钟单独计时，时间比较紧张，不要太慢了。注意Review，保证题目都完成了。发生任何状况都不要急，举手跟老师说明，一定能解决。
听力
听力没什么好说的，做好笔记答题就可以了。我做到听力的后部分心理状况不太好，老想着自己可能听不到口语了。这实在是不好。现在我要告诉大家：完全不必要有任何杂念，一定要相信自己，只要你想听，就一定能听到！
听力加试本来是所谓的偷听口语题的时间，但我是没有机会在这个时间听到了（我进来得太早了，前面只有两个人，都还没开始考口语，并且坐得都离我很远）。
加试的题是很经典的女生丢了ID card，glial细胞，和浪漫主义。之前已经看过加试机经，这时候有点累了，又因为听不到口语心情不太好，所以就没有太认真听。后来觉得虽然普遍认为加试不计入成绩，还是应该认真对待。这是态度问题啊~感觉加试内容和机井里说
的基本一致，但是ID card那个似乎有出入。但我属于那种一出考场就不知道考了什么的人，实在记不起来具体内容了……
Tip9：考前一定要看加试机井（阅读和听力），非常有用。听不到口语题也不要多想，专心做好这部分最重要。
中场休息
中场休息10分钟。屏幕右上角有个钟计时。
我出了考场，上厕所，打开柜子喝水，吃了两块巧克力，然后回到考场内。
然后激动人心的时刻到来了：我一坐下就听到有人开始说口语了！正是第二个入场的人！
实话说，真是兴奋哪！之前自己每一部分都拖着做，就是想也许自己慢一点，说不定有人在我听力加试的最后可以做到口语部分，这样就可以知道口语前两题了。没想到虽然在听力加试时没有机会，却在中场休息时有了转机。
然后开始认真听。感谢那位同学，越说声音越大。我虽然离她很远，还是比较清楚地听到了她的回答。根据回答我推算了两道题目，也做好了听错的心理准备。事实证明我的推断还是很准确的。听到题目后一定不要慌，记录下题目就马上开始写答案。
我记下题目后发现第一题可以套用模版，第二题则需要准备。于是就主要针对第二题写了起来。期间10分钟的时限已经到了，但是老师不输入密码，下面的部分是不会开始的。所以，继续写吧。写到你认为可以了，再向老师举手示意。
Tip10：中场休息有可能听到口语题目，所以稍事休息就返回考场吧。听到别人的回答要镇定地推断题目是什么；但要有心理准备：你可能听错，考试题目可能跟你推断的不一样！
口语
考前最担心的就是口语，果然是我感觉考得最差的一部分。
前两题比较正常，因为有了准备。昨天晚上十点才准备的口语模版发挥了很大作用，第一题就是用的自己的模版。准备的原则是一版多用，尽量选自己熟悉的题材，可以参考别人的模版。关于一版多用：比如弹钢琴就可以适应很多题目：最喜欢的物品，最想从事的职业（钢琴家），目标，休闲，爱好，如何提高自己的艺术水平。
我准备得非常晚，昨晚花了一个小时准备的。虽然很粗糙，但好歹涵盖到了考题。实在太粗糙就不贴了，网上有很多很牛的模版。不过建议大家还是要有自己的模版，哪怕粗糙。毕竟模版要记住，用自己的比较容易记住。
第三四题答得很差……可能因为前面两题耗费了太多的精力，可能是考试进行到这里我已经没有更多的力气集中注意力去将“看、听、说”结合起来，总之自己写得好好的答题思路，一道题说漏了又没补好，另一道题没掌握好时间没有说完。当时还是有点郁闷的，但一想到前两道题如有神助地做了准备，所以也就不再去想了。自己的水平就这样啊。自己早已不是当年的外国语的学生，学法语学了三年已经让我的英语口语水平丧失殆尽了。尽管考前一周都没有看法语，还是不能挽回自己的颓势……
第五六题比三四题好一些，可能因为只需要听说。不过也不算太好。
口语就这样过去了。答得不好，但自己水平就这样。
答完口语，心里的一块大石头落地，所以可以没有包袱的写作了。
Tip11：考前准备口语模版，尽量一版多用；后四题一定要集中精力，这是考试中最难以集中精力的一段时间。
写作
可能是本场考试我感觉最好的部分了，主要是因为没有了心理包袱，也有适当的准备。 综合写作一定要准备模版！非常有用！在20分钟的时限之内没有模版将会非常艰难！我准备工作做得非常不好，昨天才开始准备写作（我错了……）但我对写作做的两样准备之一就是准备综合写作模版。甚至可以这样说：只要你准备了模版，哪怕你没有练过综合写作的题目（比如我……），你也基本可以搞定。
我在taisha上找到一位高人的综合写作模版（真的是太牛了，好多词儿都不认识……），然后结合自己的水平和习惯进行了改写。我的模版如下，供大家参考：
The reading passage holds the point that_. The lecture rebuts this point of view by serious arguments.
Contrary to the belief in the passage that_, the professor says that_.
Furthermore, the lecture contradicts the point that_. In fact,_.
Finally, the professor challenges the assumption of_. Actually .
In retrospect, all the main points in the reading passage have been totally disapproved in the lecture and are far from persuasive.
把文章看个大概，不必记笔记（当然有富裕时间还是可以记的）。然后听lecture，好好记笔记。然后开始写。我把早已写好的模版打进电脑，花了3分钟。然后就开始写。其实这部分写作真的很简单，只要把文章的观点列举出来，然后用lecture里的相应观点反驳它就可以了。之前看jj，说台式机打字很难受，不过我觉得还成啊，可能是这个考场的机器比较新吧。全部写完还有2分钟，290词（我太激动了！要知道我平时写英语写得多慢啊……）检查了一下就到时间了。
独立写作就没什么好说的了。考前我对这个部分最不重视了……我对写作做的第二样准备就是把OG里的185题看了一遍，然后划出自己最不知道怎么写的题目，然后在网上找了个185题的提示，对照着我不会的题目看了一下。实际只练过一篇文章……以上这些准备都是在睡前半梦半醒中做得，效果实在不好。这样实在是不可取的，奉劝大家一定不要学我，一定要把185题每一道都好好思考一下写出提纲，再与网上的资源对照，并且写上5篇以上的文章练习。
其实对于独立写作也可以采用综合写作的方法。我先花了8、9分钟时间把开头、结尾和中间三段的主题句写好了。剩下的20分钟就是把中间三段填上例子。写完还有两分钟，检查一下时间到了。考试终于结束了！
篇二：中央广播电视大学
">中央广播电视大学（简称"中央电大"），地址：北京市复兴门内大街160号，是教育部直属的，运用广播、电视、文字教材、音像教材、计算机课件和网络等多种媒体，面向全国开展远程开放教育的新型高等学校。1978年2月开始筹建，1979年2月6日开学。1990年4月，原国家教委批准成立中国燎原广播电视学校，设在中央电大、1993年12月，原国家教委决定将中国电视师范学院并入中央广播电视大学。1997年6月，原国家教委批准成立中央广播电视中等专业学校，设在中央电大。中央广播电视大学设置及其专业
中央广播电视大学现设文法学院、经济管理学院、工学院、教育学院、外语学院、农林医药学院等六个教学学院和直属学院、继续教育学院以及八一学院、总参学院、残疾人教育学院、西藏学院、中央国家机关学院，专设中国电视师范学院、中国燎原广播电视学校、中央广播电视中等专业学校。
中央广播电视大学现任校长：杨志坚。 国际代码（毕业证编号）:51161。
中央广播电视大学历任校长：
何东昌:(1984.9至1990.2，任中央广播电视大学校长）；
谢新观（1990.2至1994.7，任中央广播电视大学校长）；
韦钰:(1994.7至2001.11，任中央广播电视大学校长）；
张尧学：（2001.11至2006.5，任中央广播电视大学校长）； 葛道凯：（2006.6至2010.6，任中央广播电视大学校长）； 杨志坚：（2010.6至现今，任中央广播电视大学校长）；
篇三：中央广播电视大学学位考试
t">金融学专业学士学位英语水平考试样题Part I 语音知识（共10小题：每题0.5分，共5分）
在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分的读音与其它单词的划线部分的读音不同。找出这个词，并在答题卡相应的题号后填涂选项。2. A. measure B. feather C. eastern D. peasant
3. A. fool B. tool C. boot D. foot
4. A. fork B. work C. port D. sort
5. A. tough B. rough C. enough D. though
6. A. window B. know C. flower D. flow
7. A. silence B. island C. rescue D. roast
8. A. there B. theory C. thought D. thorough
9. A. super B. supply C. suppose D. surround
10. A. furniture B. purpose C. nurse D. surprise
Part II 词汇与语法知识（共30小题：每题0.5分，共15分）
从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项，并在答题卡相应的题号后填涂选项。
11. The U.S. Federal Reserve Bank is expected to ______ interest rates on Tuesday.
A. raise B. lift C. charge D. vary
12. Dialogue is ______ total loss unless ______ reader knows who is speaking.
A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the
13. ______ you have the radio on so loud, John? I'm studying.
A. Can B. Ne(本文来自：www.dXF5.com 东 星资 源 网:中央广播电视大学托福)ed C. Will D. May
14. Is there anything the ______ with him?
A. problem B. trouble C. difficultyD. matter
15. A: ______? B: I'm a doctor.
A. Who are you B. Where do you work C. What do you do D. How do you like your job
16. It was only when I reread these poems recently ______ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. that B. then C. untilD. after
17. There is no ______ in going to school if you're not willing to learn.
A. reason B. cause C. point D. design
18. You'll find this tourist map of great value in helping you to ______ London.
A. get across B. get over C. get throughD. get around
19. Do you mind if I call you Ben? ----______.
A. Never mind B. All right C. No problem D. Not at all
20. The WTO cannot live up to its name ______ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
A. while B. unless C. if D. though
21. The reporter said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.
A. was travelingB. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
22. No matter what you say, I don‘t think he would be ______ refuse to help us.
A. as selfish as to B. selfish enough C. so selfish as to D. enough selfish
23. She died of heart failure ______ her life‘s work remaining unfinished.
A. while B. with C. but D. before
24. At no time and under no circumstances ______ the experiment.
A. will I stop B. will stop I C. may I stop D. I will stop
25. I think you ______ again.
A. had better to try B. had to try better C. had better try D. had better tried
26. I‘d like to hear some more ideas. ______ this matter, Mr. Turner?
A. How do you think of B. What do you think of
C. How is your idea on D. What is your opinion to
27. She didn‘t feel like ______, so I suggested ______ the afternoon in the garden.
A. working, spending B. to work, to spend C. to work, spending D. working, spend
28. Weather ______, we shall begin to work tomorrow.
A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. is permitted
29. She is as ______ as I am.
A. a poor speaker B. poor speaker C. the poor speaker D. poor a speaker
30. The laser beam (激光束) is also different from ordinary light beams in the way ______.
A. on which it travels B. by which it travels
C. through which it travels D. in which it travels
31. Mary wishes that she ______ economics instead of literature when she was at college.
A. had studied B. studied C. could study D. would study
32. By the end of this month, we surely ______ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A. are finding B. will have found C. will be finding D. have found
33. I wrote down his phone number ______ I should forget it.
A. in case B. in case of C. in order that D. for fear of
34. My aunt was seen ______ with great anger.
A. fill B. to fill C. filling D. filled
35. So badly ______ in the car accident that he had to be in hospital for a few weeks.
A. did John injure B. John injured C. was John injured D. John was injured
36. Her father insists that she ______ there until she finishes her scientific research.
A. stayed B. should stay C. would stay D. will stay
37. To become a doctor, ______.
A. several years of study are needed B. several years of study is needed
C. you need several years of study D. several years of study is necessary
38. The number of nurses at the hospital ______.
A. has increased B. were increased C. are increased D. have increased
39. She believes that her son is ______ something stupid.
A. so clever for doing B. too clever to do C. very clever as to do D. clever enough to do
40. Tom talks ______ he knew everything about it.
A. as B. as if C. though D. if as
Part III 完形填空（共15小题：每题1分，共15分。）
通读下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后，从每小题的四个选择项中选出最佳选择，并在答题卡相应的题号后填涂选项。
Is there a dark side to the computer revolution? Do computers threaten our health or our society? The f the matter, however, is that any new
technology---computers included---has a The problems caused by the computer revolution are quite different, of course. One similarity, however, is that computers are changing and will continue to change the people live and work, much as the automobile did.
Many assembly line jobs, , will be taken over by robots and computer controlled machinery. Since many of these jobs are boring and angerous, that seems like a step in the whose jobs are threatened. One to this problem has been developed, which is to give jobs in the same company to employees controlling robots.
With "computer matching", government agencies to be able to track down criminals, and stop waste. But to regulate computer matching without violating people's to privacy when tracking down dangerous criminals is a problem now discussed widely.
Yet another problem is computer crime. Clever criminals are finding ways to computer codes and transfer millions of dollars to their . Last year the Wells Fargo Bank lost more than $20 million in this way. Nationwide the total may have 55 $100 million.
The list could go on. But if we want computers to work for us, we will have to find ways to keep people from using computers against us.
41. A. root B. reality C. cause D. fact
42. A. dark B. brightC. strong D. weak
43. A. way B. speed C. methodD. course
44. A. in part B. in return C. for example D. for fear
45. A. till B. then C. yet D. even
46. A. right B. wrong C. same D. opposite
47. A. key B. solutionC. reply D. means
48. A. betterB. safe C. other D. more
49. A. help B. offer C. serve D. hope
50. A. when B. who C. how D. where
51. A. wish B. right C. plan D. desire
52. A. being B. is C. to be D. been
53. A. invent B. hunt C. break D. create
54. A. pockets B. accounts C. bills D. checks
55. A. exceeded B. extended C. overtaken D. overcharge
Part IV 阅读理解（共15小题：每题2分，共30分。）
阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容从每小题的四个选择项中选出最佳一项，并在答题卡相应的题号后填涂选项。
1
In the past, industrial goods were made to last for ever. If you bought a car, it was a once-in-a-lifetime investment. You paid good money for the article and you looked after it.
Nowadays industry has persuaded us that its products can only last a very short time. It is cheaper to throw them away than to repair them. This has led directly to the waste of the earth's resources. Just think of the cars that are traded in daily simply because they are ―out of fashion.‖ Just think of the expensive packaging material that is thrown away each time a new article is bought---material which we consumers must pay for!
left, we will start to look after what we have. But why can't we act before this happens? Why can't we go back to a society in which the prevention of waste is a virtue?
56. In the writer's opinion, it is a good idea for industry to make goods ______.
A. that can last a long time B. that can last a short time
C. according to customer order D. according to the latest style or model
57. The writer suggests that what people should do with their old-fashioned cars is to ______.
A.. buy new ones B. throw them away
C. exchange them for new ones D. use them as long as possible
58. Which word best describes the writer's attitude toward the throwaway culture?
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Unconcerned.
59. It seems that the way to get out of the whole mess people have got themselves into is ______.
A. make more investments in industry B. produce more goods and services
C. open up natural resources D. prevent and stop waste
60. What is the best title for the text?
A. Industry and Business. B. Producers and Consumers.
C. Look after What We Have. D. Take Care of Spoilt Children.
2
Both grocery stores and supermarkets sell food and household items such as soap, bulbs and matches. But a supermarket is usually much bigger than a grocery store. It is in fact so big that it is often divided into departments.
to pay cash for what they buy. That is, they cannot buy on credit (赊购).
A large supermarket is a big business. Although primarily selling food items, supermarkets also handle other lines of goods which include housewares, school supplies, garden supplies, phonograph records, beer, camera film and supplies, In order to attract customers, the supermarkets have tried to make shopping as pleasant as possible. Some of them have flowers and trees in the parking lots. Some have roofs over the walks that shoppers can walk from their cars to the store without having to worry about snow, rain or the hot sun. Ceilings are sometimes
sound-proofed (隔音的), and music is piped in. Most of the supermarkets are air-conditioned (装有空调的).
With these and other improvements, supermarkets are not limited to the United States. From Bangkok to Buenos Aires, the old-styled grocery stores are fast
disappearing. In Europe, supermarkets have grown rapidly since 1975. There‘s no doubt about it – more and more housewives around the world will soon be standing in the checkout (结帐)lines.
61. Generally a supermarket ______.
A. is smaller than a grocery store B. sells the same items as a grocery store
C. is bigger than a grocery store D. sells fewer items than a grocery store
62. In a supermarket these days, ______.
A. you can buy only food and household items
B. you cannot buy medicines such as aspirin
C. you are always allowed to buy on credit.
D. you can buy food, household items and many other lines of goods
63. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Some supermarkets have flowers and trees in the parking area.
B. Some supermarkets put up notices in the parking lots.
C. Some supermarkets have roofs over the walks to protect customers from rain or snow.
D. The ceilings of some supermarkets are sound-proofed.
64. Supermarkets are ______.
A. popular only in the United States
B. not only popular in the United States but also in a lot of other countries
C. popular all over the world
D. popular in areas except the United States
65. Which of the following statements is true?
A. An increasing number of housewives will shop in supermarkets.
B. Fewer and fewer housewives will shop in supermarkets.
C. No housewives will shop in supermarkets.
D. Old-style grocery stores will become more popular than supermarkets.
3
Years ago, when a man left school—if he went to school—he learned a job. He did this job all his life. Things moved more slowly then. He could be sure that his job would still be needed forty years later.
You have only to think of what the motor car did to people who bought and sold horses to realize what this can mean in human terms. Suddenly no one wanted horses any more. The people who worked with them were suddenly without work, or
?redundant‘（被解雇的；多余的）as we say today. Methods change and skills become redundant.
experts think that the working man of the future must expect to learn three or four different skills in his working life. This is because, increasingly, automation (自动化) will take over or some trades will cease to be needed. You cannot blame anyone for finding yourself in this position. If your job simply disappears, it is not your fault and you are not stupid. Losing your job like this can cause problems for you: you may have to move to find work again; there may simply be no work that you can do. The British government recognizes that redundancy is not the fault of the man who is redundant. So today there is a system of payment to men who are declared redundant. Any man who has worked in the same job for at least two years is given a