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篇一:2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析

解析 Section I Use of English

一、文章题材结构分析

本文是一篇说明性的文章,主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。作者首先提出,由于网络用户的匿名现象带

来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题,然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法,并对这种

方法做了评述。

二、试题解析

1.【答案】A

【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点:(1)空格前的主语(2)空格后的介词短语。鉴于此,考生需要从四个选项

中选出一个不及物动词,能与空格前的主语 that(指代 the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增)构成主谓逻辑,

并与空格后的介词短语 across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。A 项 swept(打扫,席卷)可以做不及物动词,并能与空前

的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系,即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”,故 A

为正确答案。

B 项 skip 意为“跳过,掠过”;C 项 walk 意为“走,步行”;D 项 ride 意为“骑,乘,驾”虽可做不及物动词,但

与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配,都是干扰项。

2.【答案】C

【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句,状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关

系。空格所在句子的主句是 privacy be preserved(隐私得以保护),从句是省略了主语和助动词的 bringing safety and

security to the world(带来网络世界的安全),由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时,隐私是

否能够得以保护呢?”,C 项 while 意为“在??的同时,当??的时候”,可以表示伴随关系,故为正确答案。

A 项 for 表示因果关系;B 项 within 表示“在??里面,不超出”;D 项 though 表示让步关系;在搭配上与 doing

并无典型用法,此外带入空格,整个句子逻辑也很不通顺,故为干扰选项。

3.【答案】B

【解析】空格中需要填形容词和 seems 构成系表结构,并能说明主语 that(指代 a world)的特点。鉴于此,考生

可在上文寻找有关 a world 的文字表述,并可找到 bringing safety and security to a world“给这个世界带来安全和保障”

的信息,表明当前世界需要“安全保障”,即当前世界的特点是“不安全,缺乏保障”,由此可以推断空格中需要“不

安全,缺乏保障,混乱”等类似语意。选项 B 意为“无法无天的,失去法律控制的”,故为正确答案。

A 项 careless 意为“粗心的,草率的”;C 项 pointless 意为“无意义的,无益的”;D 项 helpless 意为“无助的”;都

无法与上文的 safety and security 形成对应逻辑,皆为干扰选项。

4.【答案】D

【解析】本题目考生至少需要关注以下两点:(1)空格前的搭配 offer sb. sth(2)空格后的不定式搭配(此处表

示目的的逻辑)。上一段提到了网络完全的问题,面对这一问题 Howard Schmidt 为联邦政府提出建议,使网络成

为安全之地。D 选项 proposal“提议,建议”,和空前搭配“向联邦政府建议”和空后不定式搭配表示提议的目的,符

合文章表达的含义,故为正确选项。

A 项 reason 意为“原因,理由”符合(1),但不符合(2),即后面不可连接不定式短语(接介词 for)表示目

的;B 项 reminder 意为“提醒物”,符合(1)(2)要求,但 offered the federal government a reminder to...“提醒政府

记得去??”,逻辑上不妥;C 项 compromise 意为“妥协”,一般不用 offer sb. sth 的用法,其后也不接不定式 to 表

示目的,此外“向政府妥协”更无从说起,故皆为干扰选项。

5.【答案】D

【解析】... a “ voluntary trusted identity ” system that would be the high-tech 5 (of a physical key, a fingerprint and a

photo ID card):本题目处于关系代词 that 引导的定语从句中,that 指代先行词“voluntary trusted identity”system,在

从句中做主语,would be 是从句系动词,空格处应该是从句表语,以对主语进行解释说明,且后面接有介词短语做

后置定语,对其修饰限定。根据以上分析,D 选项 equivalent 意为“对应物,等同物”既可以对 system 做出解释(“该

系统等同于??”),也可以与后面的介词短语形成顺畅的逻辑,在文中表示“相当于集实物钥匙、指纹和带照片身

份证为一体的高科技‘自愿信任身份识别’系统”,故为正确答案。

A项information意为“信息”,不能与system形成主系表逻辑,不能说“系统是信息”,故为干扰项;B项interference

意为“干涉,干扰”,后常接介词 with 或 in,一般不接 of,故为干扰项;C 项 entertainment 意为“娱乐;款待”,既与

后面的修饰语(实物钥匙、指纹和带照片身份证)不搭,也明显与上文“加强网络安全”和“自愿身份认证”的逻辑对

应不上,故为干扰项。

6.【答案】B

【解析】空格前的 rolled 是考生需要关注的重点,此处 roll 是动词,意为“使混合”,常用的搭配是 roll ...into...,意

为“滚进;使合为一体”,在此处表示“集??为一体”,故为正确答案。如 Banks are several businesses rolled into one.

银行是合为一体的集中不同企业。

本题也可根据前后句意找到线索:a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled

6one,本句中

all 显然指划线的三处并列表达,rolled 至少可看出是被动逻辑,所以不难理解成“多者被??为一者”,也就是“多

者作为部分被进入到了一个全新者”中,所以选 into。

A 项 roll by 意为“流逝”;C 项 roll from 无此固定搭配;D 项 roll over 意为“翻滚”。

7.【答案】A

【解析】... a digital credential ( 7to a specific computer)...:本题需要关注两点:(1)空格后的介词搭配(to)

(2)括弧表达是前面 credential 的后置定语,需与 credential 形成顺畅的整体逻辑;A 项 link(使关联),常用被

动形式,惯用搭配是 be linked to 意为“与??相关”,代入空格与前面的名词整体可理解为“与某一具体电脑相关联

的数字证书”,语义通顺,故选项 A 为正确答案。

B 项 direct to 意为“把??用于,指示去”;C 项 chain to 意为“拴住,束缚”;D 项 compare to 意为“把??比作,

与??相比”,代入空格语义皆不通顺,故为干扰项。

8.【答案】C

【解析】The idea is to 8a federation of private online identity systems:本句考生需要关注两点:(1)空格前

的不定式 to 表示目的(2)句首的定冠词 the 说明本句的 idea 与上段的 proposal 属于同一逻辑。故该“观点”的目的

就是上段“建议”的目的,空格后的 federation of private online identity system 意为“个人在线身份系统联盟”,空格中

需要动词,表示“建立,创造,形成”等类似含义,故选项 A 的 create 为正确答案。

A 项 dismiss 意为“解雇,解散”,与文意相反;B 项 discover 意为“发现”,通常指“不经意法相”,不能表示本句

的主观目的,此外“联盟”是机构,机构应是“建立”的而非“发现”的;D 项 improve 意为“改善,提高”,通常是对既

有事物的改进,但空格后的不定式告诉考生这是一个全新的机构,全新的机构只能是“建立”。

9.【答案】C

【解析】Users could9 which system to join...:本句主语是 users(用户),故空格中所需谓语动词应该和“使用”

有关;空格后的宾语是 which system to join“进入哪个系统”,由此推断空格中需要填“选择”或者“决定”等类似含义,

表示“用户可以选择加入哪个具体系统”,故 C 选项 select“选择,挑选”为正确答案。

A 项 recall 意为“回忆,回想”,上文提及系统的建立仅仅是提案的目的,尚未实施,故“回忆”在此逻辑不通;B

项 suggest 意为“建议”,“建议”通常针对的对象是他人,而本句主语“users”应该是“被建议”的对象;D 项 realize 意

为“实现”,通常指的是既定目标的实现,但是后面的宾语 which system to join 在逻辑上应该是实现目的的方式,而

非目的本身。

10.【答案】B

【解析】...that would require an Internet driver’s license 10by the government:空格中需

要填动词的过去分词,

做中心词 driver’s license 的定语。该过去分词的逻辑主语是 government“政府”,逻辑宾语是 driver's license“驾驶执

照”,由此推断空格中需要“颁发”之意,故 B 选项 issue“出版,发表;颁发,签发”为正确答案。

A 项 release 意为“释放,发行”;C 项 distribute 意为“分配,分布”;D 项 deliver 意为“递送,交付”,明显与空格

前后的逻辑性不强,故为干扰项。

11.【答案】D

【解析】...companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems //that make it possible for users to11just

once but use many different services: //后面是关系代词 that 引导的定语从句,that 指代先行词 systems,意为“这种

系统可以使用户??一次便可以享受多项服务”。single 对应 just once,而 sign-on(签约)对应空白,根据空格所

在句子的前半部分“谷歌和微软等公司已经启用了签名系统”可知,“签约”在本句是比喻用法,指的是用户在注册系

统中的注册登记,故空白含义需要“登录,注册”等类似含义,所以 D 项 log in“登录,进入”为正确答案。

A 项 carry on 意为“从事,忙于;继续进行”,与空格后的 just once 明显无法搭配;B 项 linger on 意为“停留,徘

徊”,与空格后的 just once 也明显无法搭配;C 项 set in 意为“嵌入,开始,到来”,由于动作发出者是 users(网络

用户),“网络用户”不会发出“嵌入”这样的动作,故为干扰项。

12.【答案】B

【解析】 12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in cyberspace...:这种句首有空格,其后有逗号的题目,

通常需要填逻辑性很强的副词或介词短语,以承上启下,体现上下文的逻辑关系。其解题思路是比对上下文信息,

具体到本题目:根据空格后的 the approach(注意定冠词的指示意义)可知上文讲述的是这种方式,而 would create

a “walled garden ” in cyberspace“这种方法会在网络上建起‘带围墙的花园’”,表示这种方法的实际效果,由此推断空

格中需要“事实上,其实”等类似含义,故 B 选项 in effect“实际上,事实上”为正确答案。

A 项 in vain 意为“徒劳地,无用地”,与空格后的 would create...逻辑相反;C 项 in return 意为“作为报答;反过来”,

通常指付出与收益的逻辑对应;D 项 in contrast 意为“相反,相比之下”,体现上下文的对比反差关系,此处上下文

是承接的关系。

13.【答案】A

【解析】...with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a13community:根据空格

所在句子的大意是“这种方法会在网络空间中创建一中带有安全‘街区’和明亮‘街灯’的

围墙的花园’”,来营造一中具

有什么感觉的社区”。空格中需要填的词语便是这种感觉,不难推断出这是个“安全,放心,值得信任”的社区,故

A 选项 trusted“信任的,信赖的”为正确答案。

B 项 modernized 意为“现代化的”;C 项 thriving 意为“兴旺的”;D 项 competing 意为“竞争的”;不能与 safe

“neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” 形成逻辑对应。

14.【答案】C

【解析】“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14, trusting the identities of each

other and the identities of the infrastructure...根据上文提及的“营造相互信任的社区氛围”及下文空格后的 trusting the

identities of each other 提示空格中需要填 trusting 的近义词表达“信任,相信”等含义,表示“这是一种个人和组织可

以放心地完成网上交易的系统”,故 C 选项 with confidence“满怀信心地,放心地”为正确答案。

A 项 caution 意为“谨慎,小心”,与划线表达 trusting...构成相反逻辑;B 项 delight 意为“快乐,高兴”,与划线表

达 trusting...对应性不强;D 项 patience 意为“耐心,耐烦”,与划线表达 trusting...也无法形成对应。

15.【答案】A

【解析】...the infrastructure( 15which the transaction runs):本题是对定语从句知识点的考核。空格处的介

词与其后的从句 which the transaction runs 一起作定语修饰空格前的“infrastructure”,关系代词 which 前面的介词选

哪个,首先取决于先行词的搭配选择,which 指代 infrastructure(基础,基础设施),既为基础,其他物应在其上,

故该词常接介词 on(依赖,在??上),表示交易凭借基础设施而得以进行,故选项 A 为正确答案。

16.【答案】A

【解析】Still, the administration’s plan has 16privacy rights activists. (Some applaud the approach; others

are concerned.):根据下文括弧内信息“一些人对此表示赞成,而另一些人则表示担忧”可知,主张隐私权利的活跃

分子对政府的这项计划观点有分歧,故 A 选项 divided“使产生分歧”为正确答案。

B项disappointed意为“使失望”;C项protected意为“保护”;D项united意为“联合”无法与下文的some...;others...

形成逻辑对应。

17.【答案】D

【解析】...such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license”

mentality:根据斜体词 initiative(开始的,初步的)、toward(朝着??方向)以及 would(将来)可以推知空格

的含义应是讨论这个计划“未来的结果或趋势”,D 选项 eventually“最终,最后”用在文

篇二:2015年考研英语二真题及答案

"txt">(答案附在后面)

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a 1 underground

Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldnt know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 :Please dont approach me.

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?

One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be 6 ascreep,We fear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us,so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket,Wortmann says.They are our happy

glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .

But once we rip off the bandaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesnt 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, not a single person reported having been snubbed.

18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.

1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record

2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much

3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought

4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign

5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from

6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched

7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed

8. [A] ueasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar

9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry

10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn

11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring

12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay

13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation

14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers

15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design

16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride

17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up

18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence

19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas

20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.

So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

21.According to Pa ragraph 1,most previous su rveys found that home

[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation

[B]generated more stress than the workplace

[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement

[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace

22.According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?

[A]Working mothers

[B]Childless husbands

[C] Childless wives

[D]Working fathers

23 The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact thay

[A]they are both bread winners and housewives

[B]their home is also a place for kicking back

[C]there is often much housework left behind

[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office

24.The wordmoola(Line 4, 4)most probably means

[A]energy

[B]skills

[C]earnings

[D]nutrition

25.The home front differs from the workplace in that

[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment

[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

[C]household tasks are generally more motivating

[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded

Text 2

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created a dox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.

But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the

achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need,while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree

Their thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first-gene ration studentsstruggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education,learn therules of the game,and take advantage of college resou rces, they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational expe rience,many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students like them can improve

26. Recruiting more first-generation students has

[A]reduced their d ropout rates

[B]narrowed the achievement gao

[C] missed its original pu rpose

[D]depressed college students

27 The author of the research article are optimistic because

[A]the problem is solvable

[B]their approach is costless

[q the recruiting rate has increased

[D]their finding appeal to students

28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students

[A]study at private universities

[B]are from single-pa rent families

[q are in need of financial support

篇三:2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析

解析 Section I Use of English

一、文章题材结构分析

本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。第一段是文章的中心段落,指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马

上到来。第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的

安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。

二、试题解析

1.【答案】A (However)

【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。”而空后

说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”,两者之前出现了明显的转折关系,因此答案 A。 B. moreover 表递进 C.

therefore 表结果 D. Otherwise 表对比

2.【答案】D (around)

【解析】由空格所在句的“but” 得知,句子前后是转折关系。事实上,这样的预测已经 二十年了,但迄今还没有实

现。A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束,与后文均不构成转折,故答案选 D. around 出现。

3.【答案】B (concept)

【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四

个选项带入,能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念(定义),而 A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”,语义都不恰当,并且如

果选择 role 的话,应该是复数 roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个,故答案选 B。

4.【答案】D (reverse)

【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词 revolutionize (变革)意思上应该是同义替换的,要选择含有变革,彻底改

变意思的词汇,四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始,继续,都不合适,只有 D 选项 reverse“颠覆”

最为贴切,本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。”

5.【答案】C (slow)

【解析】根据前面的句意得知,早在 1975 年就预测了无现金社会将到来,而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可

能不会马上到来”,因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程,故答案选择 C。 A. silent 沉寂的,B. sudden 突然的,D. steady

稳定不变的。

6.【答案】B (against)

【解析】上一段末句提出本段的论点,即人们进入无现金时代的速度缓慢的原因。因此本段应围绕纸币系统不会消

失来阐述。而且由句首的 Although 得知,空格所在句与前一句是转折关系。尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加

高效,然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因,故答案选 B,work against 妨碍,对?产生消极影响。A. work

for 为?而工作 C. work with 与?共事,对?起作用 D. work on 从事?工作,对?起作用,都不合适。

7.【答案】B (expensive)

【解析】本句陈述的原因都是关于上句提到的传统支付方式的优点,即推广电子支付方式不利之处。所以根据这

个基调,得出选项 productive 不对,最后根据空后的内容推理出消极意思的选项 expensive,其他选项意思放到空格处不

合理,imaginative,意思是“虚构的、富于想象力的”;sensitive,意思是“敏感的、容易受伤的”。故本题正确答案为 B。

8.【答案】D (dominant)

【解析】空格所在句译为...使得电子货币成为____支付方式,将四个选项带入,C, D 是比较恰当的,再结合本文章的

主旨,应该选择“占主导地位的,支配地位”这层意思的 D 选项。A. similar 相似的 B. original 原始的,独创的,都不合适。

9.【答案】B (provide)

【解析】 纸质支票支付能够____收据,这是和电子支付相比的一大优势,A. collect 收集收据,C. copy 复印收据,

D. print 打印收据都和实际生活不符合。应该是 B. provide 提供收据。

10.【答案】A (give up)

【解析】该动词短语的宾语是前文的 something, 指代上文的 advantage,纸质支票支付能够提供收据这一优势,肯

定是消费者不愿放弃的。和优势相搭配的动词短语不能是 B. take over 接管,也不能是 C. bring back 拿回来,D. pass down

传递、遗传也不符合。A. give up 放弃一种优势,符合语境,为正确答案。

11. 【答案】A (before)

【解析】这里考查的是时间连词的应用。句子意思是“在支票兑换成现金之前要花上好几天”,符合句意的只有 before,

其它三项都不符合。

12. 【答案】D (withdrawn)

【解析】这里考查动词辨义。原文句子意思是“资金是从发卡机构的账户里提取的”,withdraw 有“提款、取款”的意思,

这里是指纸币从银行账户中“被取出”故为正确答案。

13. 【答案】C (Because)

【解析】这里考查的是连词的应用。从原文可以看出空后的两个句子在意思上存在着因果关系,“因为电子支付是即

付的,所以消除了客户的付款”。四个选项中只有 C because 可以表因果,其他三项均不能表因果。故答案为 C。

14. 【答案】C (raise)

【解析】 这里考查的是动词辨析以及上下文语义衔接。[A] hide “隐藏,隐瞒”,[B] express “表达,表示”,[C] raise “举

起,提高,引发”,[D] ease “减轻,缓和”,四个选项中能和 concerns 构成搭配的只有 raise,故正确答案为[C]。

15.【答案】C (stored)

【解析】这句讲了 an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information__________

there. “一些黑客入侵电脑数据库并且更改_____信息”根据空前信息可知是入侵电脑数据库,所以 information 是被储存在

电脑数据库中的信息。

16.【答案】C (uncommon)

【解析】此题考查一致性。空格所在句“The fact that this is not an__16_occurrence means that?”中 this 指代上文中 that

从句的内容,即黑客能够获取电脑数据库和更改储存的信息。因此 not an 16occurrence 应该能体现这一行为的特征,

而上文提到“We often hear media reports that?”,其中的 often 正是对这一行为的特征解释,即 not an occurrence 等

于 often 的含义,对比选项,只有 C 选项 uncommon 符合,带入后意为“经常发生的事情”。

17.【答案】A (steal)

【解析】本题缺少谓语动词,通过语法结构可以看出,主语是 dishonest persons,并通过后面的其他人的帐户,可以

推定为答案是负向的,只有 A steal 符合题意,语义上也说得通,故为正确答案。

18.【答案】B (prevention)

【解析】文章最后一段首句谈论电子付费方式的又一个缺陷:会引起安全和隐私问题。接下来就开始解释这个现象。

空格所在句提到“对这种欺诈的_18__绝非易事,而且一个新的电脑科学领域正在形成来_19__安全问题。”因此,本句在

谈论对问题的解决应对。18 空格与 19 空格所填内容语意上应该是一致的。浏览选项,18 空只能选 prevention,即防止

这种欺诈行为发生并非易事,而 C 选项 manipulation 是“操纵”的意思,D 选项 justification 意为“解释,证明??合理”,

均不合理。

19.【答案】A (cope with)

【解析】此空格解释同 18 空格,应选有“处理,解决”意思的选项,只有 A 选项 cope with 合适。B 选项 fight against

意为“对抗,抵制”,而宾语是 security issues,因此不符合。

20.【答案】D (trail)

【解析】此空所在句提出了使用电子付费方式的又一个担心,即会留下__20_,空格后的定语从句解释了空格内容,

即它包含大量个人数据。浏览选项,只有 trail 符合,意为“痕迹”。B 碎片从语义上均说不通,C 路径有一定的干扰性,

但相比较 D 而言,痕迹更为合适,故为正确答案

三、全文翻译

鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而,真正的无现金社会很可

能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手

段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢?

尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效,然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一,使

电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络,而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二,纸质支票

有提供收据这一优势,这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三,使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里,对方

得花上几天才能凭支票取现,这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的,因此也就没有这

种优势。

第四,电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库

并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有

考研英语二阅读答案

发生,这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统,盗取别人的银行帐号而

盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事,正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外,人们对于电子支付方式

的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门,雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据,

侵犯个人隐私。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Text 1

一、文章题材结构分析

本篇文章讲述了在现代社会,随着科技发展的加速,员工若只有一般水平很容易被淘汰,并给出这一状况的解决措

施。第一段以亚当·大卫森一篇论文中关于现代工厂自动化与仅需要一人一狗两个员工的一则笑话,引出话题,即科技

进步给人们带来的影响;第二、三、四段则明确指出科技的进步引起工厂自动化水平提高,普通员工如果没有竞争力和

突出优势,就很容易失去工作,因此也对员工提出了更高的要求;第五、六段作者给出这一现状的解决措施,员工只有

不断地提高自己的教育水平,才能让自己脱颖而出,并且给出了具体的解决方案,颁布法案保障人们接受高等教育的机

会。

二、试题解析

21.【答案】A (the impact of technological advances)

【解析】推理题,首段给出的笑话是一个论据,用于说明作者在上文或者下文提出的论点,解题的关键则在于找出

这个论点是什么。根据题干关键词“the joke”回文定位到原文首段。首段指出笑话是关于纺织厂自动化程度的,后一句

具体说明了笑话的内容:工厂平均每天只有两个人,一人一狗。人的工作是喂狗,狗的工作是看机器,暗示了工厂所有

的生产工作都是由机器自动完成的。由此,可以推断出这个笑话是用来说明技术进步的影响,选项 A 中的 technological

advances 正好对应了原文中出现的“automated”,故为正确答案。选项 A 文中并未提及,属于无中生有;选项C属于就

例子说例子,不正确;选项D文章第二段确实提到了,但是与题干中的笑话无甚关联,因此不正确。

22.【答案】D (contribute something unique)

【解析】细节题,根据题干关键词“Paragraph 3”和“a successful employee”回文定位到文章第三段最后一句,将题

干与原文具体信息进行匹配,可以得出答案。文章第三段最后一句指出“Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their

unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.”(因此,人人都需要有另外的价

值,异于常人的独特价值能够让他们在各自的雇佣市场上脱颖而出。),题干中“to be a successful employee”与第三段的

最后一句话中的“that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment”是同义替换,“everyone needs to find their

extra-their unique value contribution”与 D 选项中的“contribute something unique”是同义替换,所以 D 选项正确。A、B 两

个选项的干扰来自于文章第三段倒数第二句话,文章明确指出雇主现在可以获得廉价的工作软件和廉价的劳动力??,

所以拥有一般水平是不行的,这两者并非是成为成功职员的条件,故不正确。C 选项与第三段的第一、二句话意思相反,

重点关注的是“But, today, average is officially over.”,意思是“现如今,拥有一般水平不行了。”,属于偷换概念。

23.【答案】B (job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed)

【解析】推理题。虽然从形式上来说,是对一个句子意思的理解,但实际上这是作者引用 Davidson 的话来说明他在

上文提出的论点,因此这道题的解题关键在于把握引用句子前面的部分。根据题干定位到第四段,首句指出作者提出的

观点,新技术不断吞噬工作,而且现在的速度在加快。后面引用的话语正好是对这个论点的具体说明,选项B中的 job

opportunities 与原文的 job 相对应,“are disappearing at a high speed”与原文“has been eating jobs”以及“there’s been

acceleration”相对应,故为正确答案。

24.【答案】B (to ensure more education for people)

【解析】细节题,根据题干关键词“reduce unemployment”回文定位到文章最后一段,根据具体信息同意替换,则得

出正确答案。文章中最后一段出现了与题干“reduce unemployment”近义的表达“support employment” 促进就业,而题

干表述“the most important”与文章“nothing would be more important than”相对应,指出促进就业最重要的是颁布类似于

“G.I.Bill”的法案来保障人们接受高等教育的权利,选项 C 与之吻合,故正确。A 项加速信息技术产业变革,C 项促进经

济全球化,均未提及,属于无中生有,故排除。D 项是干扰项,虽提及要颁布更多法案,但颁布法案的目的实际是为了

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