篇一：1999年9月全国计算机等级考试四级笔试试卷
全国计算机等级考试四级笔试试题(99年9月)
(考试时间180分钟，满分150分)
一、选择题:((1)-(90))题,分为1分题和2分题,满分120分。除标注2分题外,其它均为1分题.)
下列各题A)、B)、C)、D)四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请将正确选项涂写在答题卡相应位置上,答在试卷上不得分。
(1) 若逻辑变量X=Y=1,则执行按位加X?Y以后的值为
A) 1 B) 0 C) 10D) 2
(2) 在计算机内进行加减运算时,最常用的码是
A) 原码 B) 反码 C) 补码 D) ASCII码
(3) 计算机中对操作数进行逻辑左移1位,一般它的最低位是(2分)
A) 0 B) 1 C) 不变 D) 不确定
(4) 下面命题公式中哪一个的主析取范式中含3个极小项? (2分)
A) p∨q∨rB) (p∧q)(┐p∧q∧r)
C) p→(q∧r) D) ┐(p∧┐q)∧(r∨q)
(5) 公式
（?xF(x,y)→?yG(y)）→?xH(x,y)
的前束范式是
A) ?x?t?w((F(x,y)→G(t))→H(w,y))
B) ?x?t?w((F(x,y)→G(t))→H(w,y))
C) ?x?y((F(x,y)→G(y))→H(x,y))
D) ?x?t?w((F(x,y)→G(t))→H(w,y))
(6) 下面集合之间的包含和属于关系中哪些为真?
Ⅰ. ? ? ?
Ⅱ. {?} ? {?,{?, {?}}}
Ⅲ. {a,b} ? {a,b,{a,b}}
Ⅳ. {a,b} ? {a,b,{a,b,c}}
A) Ⅰ和ⅡB) Ⅰ和Ⅲ C) Ⅰ和Ⅳ D) Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ
(7) 设N为自然数集合,Z为整数集合,Q为有理数集合,N奇为全体奇数集合,(a,b)和(0,1)为两个
开区间,下列等势关系中哪个为假?
A) Q ≈ N
B) Z ≈ N奇
C) (0,1) ≈ Q
D) (a,b) ≈ 2N,其中2N为N到2= {0,1}的全体函数集合
(8) 设N为自然数集合,＋,－,·分别为普通的加法、减法和乘法。<N,*>在下面四种情况下
不构成代数系统的为
A) x*y=x+y-2x.·yB) x*y=x+y
C) x*y=x.·y D) x+y=|x|+|y|
(9) 无向完全图K有多少个非同构的连通的生成子图? (2分)
A) 11 B) 9 C) 8 D) 6
(10) 设G为n(n≥2)阶无向连通图,下面哪些(个)命题必为真?
Ⅰ.若G有割点,则G一定有桥
Ⅱ.若G有桥,则G一定有割点
A) 仅ⅠB) 仅Ⅱ C) 全不一定为真 D) 全一定为真
(11) 以下哪一个术语与数据的存储结构有关?
A) 栈 B) 队列 C) 散列表 D) 串
试题 (12)-(13)基于下面的叙述：:现有关键码值分别为10、20、30、40、的4个结点, 按所有可能的插入顺序去构造二叉排序树。
(12) 能构造出多少种不同的二叉排序树? (2分)
A) 24 B) 14C) 10D) 8
(13) 这些二叉排序树中有多少棵是最佳二叉排序树?
A) 6B) 5 C) 4 D) 3
(14) 下面关于事件结点网络中关键路径的叙述,哪一个是正确的?
A) 关键路径是从开始结点到完成结点的具有最小长度的路径,关键路径的长度就是完
成整个工程所需的最短时间。
B) 关键路径是从开始结点到完成结点的具有最大长度的路径,关键路径的长度就是完
成整个工程所需的最短时间。
C) 关键路径是从开始结点到完成结点的具有最小长度的路径,关键路径的长度就是完
成整个工程所需的最长时间。
D) 关键路径是从开始结点到完成结点的具有最大长度的路径,关键路径的长度就是完
成整个工程所需的最长时间。
(15) 对线性表进行二分法查找,其前提条件是
A) 线性表以链接方式存储,并已按关键码值排好序
B) 线性表以链接方式存储,并已按关键码值的查找频率排好序
C) 线性表以顺序方式存储,并已按关键码值排好序
D) 线性表以顺序方式存储,并已按关键码值的查找频率排好序
(16) 下列排序方法中,哪一种方法的比校次数与记录的初始排列状态无关? (2分)
A) 直接插入排序B) 起泡排序
C) 快速排序 D) 直接选择排序
(17) 在程序状态字PSW中设置了一位,用于控制用户程序不能执行特权指令,这一位是
A) 保护位B) CPU状态位
C) 屏蔽位D) 条件位
(18) 作业装入内存后,在其运行过程中,不仅允许其“搬家”,而且还可以再申请存储空间并得
到分配,这种存储策略称为
A) 直接分配 B) 间接分配
C) 静态分配 D) 动态分配
(19) 文件系统向用户提供若干条系统调用,其中打开文件的功能是
A) 提出建立文件请求
B) 把文件调入内存
C) 把文件控制块调出内存
D) 把文件控制块调入内存的活动文件目录表
(20) 引入SPOOLing系统可以达到目的是
Ⅰ. 解决CPU与外部设备速度不匹配问题
Ⅱ. 提高CPU与外部设备的并行程度
A) 只有Ⅰ B) 只有Ⅱ C) Ⅰ和ⅡD) 都不是
(21) 假设一个计算机系统,在一段时间T内,运行用户程序所用的时间为T1,运行操作系统程
序对用户提供服务所用的时间为T2,运行操作系统做系统管理工作所用的时间为T3。那么计算机系统的运行效率为 (2分)
A) T1/T2+T3 B) T1/T1+T2+T3 C) T1+T2/T D) T1+T3/T
(22) 下列关于UNIX的叙述中,正确的是
Ⅰ. UNIX是一个多用户多任务操作系统
Ⅱ. UNIX支持很多正文编辑器
Ⅲ. UNIX文件系统可以安装或拆卸
A) Ⅰ和Ⅱ B) Ⅰ和Ⅲ C) Ⅱ和Ⅲ D) Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ
(23) 启动DOS时若屏幕上显示:Disk boot failure,表示
A) 启动盘的IBMDOS.COM和IBMBIO.COM文件丢失
B) 启动盘的COMMAND.COM文件丢失
C) 妄动盘上无操作系统
D) 妄动盘的引导区数据错误
(24) 下面列出的数据模型中,哪一个不是结构数据模型?
A) 网状模型 B) 关系模型 C)层次模型 D) 实体联系模型
(25) 下面列出的条目中,哪个或哪些是属于数据库技术研究的内容?
Ⅰ. 数据库存储
Ⅱ. 数据库结构
Ⅲ. 数据库设计
Ⅳ. 数据库使用
A) 只有Ⅰ B) Ⅰ和ⅡC) Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ D 都是
(26) 在关系数据模型中,外键(Foreign Key)是(2分)
A) 在一个关系中定义了约束的一个或一组属性
B) 在一个关系中定义了缺省值的一个或一组属性
C) 在一个关系中的一个或一组属性是另一个关系的主键
D) 在一个关系中用于唯一标识元组的一个或一组属性
(27) 在关系SC(student_id,student_name,course_id,grade)中,有
student_id,course_id→grade
student_id → student_name
关系SC最高达到哪级范式? (2分)
A) 不满足 B) 1NF C) 2NF D)3NF
(28) 下面列出的关系代数表达式的等价变换规则中,哪一个式子不一定成立? (2分)
A) Л A1,A2,…,An (σF (E)) ≡ σF (Л A1,A2,…,An (E))
B) E1∞E2 ≡ E2∞E1
C) (E1∞E2)∞E3 ≡ E1∞(E2∞E3)
D) σF1 (σF2 (E) ≡ σF1 ∧F2 (E)
(29) 下列的SQL语句中,哪一个语句不是数据定义语句?
A) CREATE B) DROP C) GRANT D) ALTER
(30) 将E-R图中的实体和联系转换为关系,这是数据库设计中哪个阶段的任务?
A) 需求分析 B) 概念设计C) 逻辑设计D) 物理设计
(31) 关于课程信息的表C列出如下,且c_id 为主键。
若用如下语句建立表SC:
CREATE TABLE SC (s_id char(5) not null,c_id char(5) not null,grade integer)
其中s_id为主键,c_id为外键 (是C表的主键)。
当执行如下语句时，哪个语句不能执行? (2分)
A) insert SC values (`99011', `C-001', 75)
B) insert SC values (`99318', `A-101', 80)
C) insert SC values (`99410',` E-101', 93)
D) insert SC values (`99222', `E-101', 93)
(32) ORACLE系统具有丰富的应用开发工具,若要进行数据库的模式设计,应选用
A) Oracle Designer/2000 B) Oracle Developer/2000
C) Oracle Forms D) Oracle Graphics
(33) 软件生产的复杂性和高成本,使大型软件生产出现危机,下述哪个(些)是软件危机
的主要表现
Ⅰ. 需求增长难满足
Ⅱ. 生产成本过高
Ⅲ. 进度难以控制
Ⅳ. 质量不易保证
A) Ⅰ和Ⅱ B) ⅣC) Ⅱ和Ⅲ D) 全是
(34) 在面向数据流的软件设计方法中,一般将信息流分为
A) 变换流和事务流 B) 变换流和控制流
C) 事务流和控制流 D) 数据流和控制流
(35) 软件需求说明书是软件需求分析阶段的重要文件,下述哪个(些)是其应包含的内容Ⅰ. 数据描述
Ⅱ. 功能描述
Ⅲ. 模块描述
Ⅳ. 性能描述
A) Ⅱ B) Ⅲ和Ⅳ C) Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ D) Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ
(36) 软件测试一般分为三类,即
Ⅰ. 静态测试
Ⅱ. 动态测试
Ⅲ. 正确性证明
设计测试实例对程序进行测试,应属于
A) ⅠB) ⅡC) Ⅰ和ⅡD) Ⅲ
(37) 模块独立性是由内聚性和耦合性来度量的,其中内聚性是度量(2分)
A) 模块间联系程度 B) 模块的功能强度
C) 信息隐蔽程度D) 接口的复杂程度
(38) 软件设计中一般将用到图形工具,下述哪种(些)工具可用作设计的图形工具
(2分)Ⅰ. 结构图
Ⅱ. 实体联系
Ⅲ. IPO图
Ⅳ. 层次图
A) Ⅰ和Ⅱ B) Ⅲ和Ⅳ C) Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ D) 全部
(39) 试判断下列论述中哪个(些)是正确的
Ⅰ. 软件系统中所有的信息流都可以认为是变换流
Ⅱ. 软件系统中所有的信息流都可以认为是事务流
Ⅲ. 事务分析和变换分析的设计步骤基本类似
A) ⅠB) ⅡC) Ⅲ D) Ⅰ和Ⅲ
(40) 软件的有效性测试是验证软件的运行是否达到用户的期望,用户的期望应体现于 (2分)
A) 详细设计报告B) 软件需求说明书
C) 总体设计报告D) 有效性测试要求
(41) 原型化是常用的一种软件开发方法,下述哪些是应用原型化方法的前提Ⅰ.严格定义软件需求是困难的
Ⅱ.有快速开发工具的支持
Ⅲ.可提供实际且可供用户参与的系统模型
A) ⅠB) ⅡC) ⅢD) Ⅱ和Ⅲ
(42) 根据Amdahl的定义,计算机体系结构反映的计算机属性是
A) 概念性的结构 B) 层次性的结构 C) 模块性的结构 D) 管理性的结构
(43) 把指令和数据分别进行存储的结构称为
A) 冯.诺依曼结构 B) 普林斯顿结构
C) 非冯.诺依曼结构 D) 哈佛结构
(44) Intel CPU芯片的暂存机制是
A) 累加器 B) 累加器与通用寄存器
C) 堆栈 D) 堆栈与通用寄存器
(45) 建立存储层次体系依据的原理是
A) 性价比原理 B) 总体成本原理
C) 局部性原理 D) 全局性原理
(46) 目前使用最多的局部总线是
A) ISA B) VESAC) EISAD) PCI
(47) 脉动阵列计算模式属于
A) SISDB) MISD C) SIMDD) MIMD
(48) 运行相同的程序,计算机A需10秒,计算机B需15秒,其速度比较是(2分)
篇二：考研英语 查询四六级成绩方法
查询四六级成绩方法
四六级成绩于3月1日早上9
点开始可以进行查询，现在长喜英语也给大家归纳下，查询四六级成绩的方法，希望对大家有帮助。
网上查分——免费
1. 登录99宿舍网（四六级查分的唯一认证网站）
2. 按照CET查分保护盾，点击上图中“下载CET查分保护盾”，这是一个网站插件，
必须安装且保证开启。建议暂时关闭一些会将此插件屏蔽的查毒系统。
3. 下载完毕后，会在你下载的地方出现一个安装包
4. 解压该安装包，点击里面的程序，进行安装。指定安装目录，一直点击“下一步”，
最后会出现一个提示：
点击确定后，会提示是否启动，不勾选。再确定。
原因是勾选了，会把你开着的所有浏览器都自动关闭。
5. 关闭所有开着的浏览器，然后找到“99宿舍CET
查分保护盾”双击运行。会在系统
栏目得到已经开启保护盾的提示。
6. 再次打开99宿舍网站，
选择考试类型，输入准考证号和身份证的姓名，准考证姓名
必须和填写的姓名一致。
7. 点击查询，就可以进入成绩的查看页面。 短信查分——需付费
网站查询人多，容易有崩溃的时候，可以选择用短信查分，不过这个方法不是免费的，需要付费，因此大家要谨慎。
中国移动、联通和中国电信手机用户编辑短信A加15位准考证号（如A110123112100101），发送到1066335577；
资费标准：1元/条（不含通信费）
准考证丢了怎么办
1. 从以上两个方法都发现，查询的方式都是以准考证号为准，但是准考证丢了怎么办
了，这里我也将一些小方法和大家分享，不过需要大家记住准考证的考场和座位号，否则只能用方法三比较长久的方法了：
2. 根据准考证的规则进行推算。方法如下：
准考证号共15位.
A.前6位是地区号.(可以问与你同一城市报名的任何一人)
B.然后是062 (表示06年的第二次,即06年12月份的)
C.然后是1或2 (1代表四级,2代表6级)
篇三：1999年1月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
1999年1月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched（草盖的）roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lines with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.
Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles（英论诸岛）. Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too.
Thatching is a solitary（独自的）craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced toady has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.
In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defiance against the heat.
21、Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?
A) Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.
B) Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.
C) Cottages with thatched roofs.
D) churches with cottages around them.
22、What do we know about thatching as a craft?
A) It is a collective activity.
B) It is practised on farms all over England.
C) It is quite different from what it used to be.
D) It is in most cases handed down among family members.
23、Thatched houses are still preferred because of _________.
A) their style and comfort
B) their durability
C) their easy maintenance
D) their cheap and ready-made materials
24、People in developing countries also live under thatch because ________.
A) thatched cottages are a big tourist attraction
B) thatched roof houses are the cheapest
C) thatch is an effective defense against the heat
D) they like thatched houses better than other buildings
25、We can learn from the passage that _________.
A) thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient times
B) thatching is a building craft first created by the English people
C) the English people have a special liking for thatched houses
D) most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsides
Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望）in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions posses this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, that democracy in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic（贵族的）idea of inherited privilege.
26、The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “________”.
A) The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
B) Business problems are of great importance to the American government
C) Business is of primary concern to Americans
D) America is a great power in world business
27、Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.
A) when given equality of opportunity
B) through doing business
C) by protecting their individual freedom
D) by way of competition
28、Who can benefit from business competition?
A) Honest businessmen.
B) Both businessmen and their customers.
C) People with ideals of equality and freedom.
D) Both business institutions and government.
29、Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ________.
A) its absolute control of power
B) its function in preserving personal freedom
C) its role in protecting basic American values
D) its democratic way of exercising leadership
30、It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _________.
A) Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B) in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
C) American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D) businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.
Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offer to d
On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the
advertising.
Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.
31、Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.
A) stressing their high quality
B) convincing him of their low price
C) maintaining a balance between quality and price
D) appealing to his buying motives
32、The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.
A) thin slices of bread could contain more calories
B) the loaf was cut into regular slices
C) the bread was not genuine bread
D) the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same
33、The passage tells us that _______.
A) sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs
B) advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need
C) the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements
D) fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment
34、It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should _________.
A) think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements
B) guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements
C) be familiar with various advertising strategies
D) avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal
35、The passage is mainly about ________.
A) how to make a wise buying decision
B) ways to protect the interests of the consumer
C) the positive and negative aspects of advertising
D) the function of advertisements in promoting sales
Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also
public activity: It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.
36、The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______.
A) it is one of the most difficult school courses
B) students spend endless hours in reading
C) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D) too much time is spent in teaching about reading
37、The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.
A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
C) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D) teachers can make their teaching activities observable
38、The word “scrutiny” (Line 3, Para.3) most probably means “_________”.
A) inquiry
B) observation
C) control
D) suspicion
39、According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when _________.
A) children become highly motivated
B) teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D) reading eiches children’s experience
40、The main idea of the passage is that _________.
A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C) reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
D) reading is more complicated than generally believed
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)(共30小题；每小题0.5分，满分15分)
41、A person’s calorie requirements vary ________ his life.