第3：概括大意与句子 （第23～30题，第题1分，共8分）
下面这篇短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选取项中为第2～5段选择1个的小标题；（2）第27～30题材要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个选项，分别每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡的位置上。

Radar（雷达）

1. Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes (回声). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.

2. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.

3. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington,D IC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.

4. All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word "radar," in fact, gets its name from the term "radio detection (检测) and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.

5. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.

6. A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.

23 Paragraph 2 .

24 Paragraph 3 .

25 Paragraph 4 .

26 Paragraph 5 .

A　Study of Sound

B　Highway Police

C　Working Principles

D　Early Use of "Radar"

E　Useful Tools

F　Discovery by Chance

27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to　.

28 Ultrasonic device were used to　.

29 Police use radar on highways to .

30 Radar helps pilots to .

A　detect nearby objects

B　determine the depth of the ocean water

C　decide how fast you drive

D　stop passing ships

E　map the ocean floor

F　observe water flow

参考答案：

23. D　24. F　25. C　26. B　27. E　28. B　29. C　30. A

试题点评：

概括大意与句子

该试题，在做题的时候应该，本题分为两个，考查的也各有不同。概括大意考查总结文章主要意思的能力，做题方法单一，对大家难度不大；句子考查的是文章细节，的考点有：1、回文定位查找答案的能力；2、paraphrase，同义替换和句意转换，与文章细节意思的表述。

拿本次的试题做解析：

，大家看四道题。概括大意的文章，其难度比阅读理解的要小，词汇、语法都要简单，但细节对，应用的写作方法。这类文章，必每单词、每句子都弄明白，注意力找到文章中表示总结的句子。

先看标题：Radar。影像：不会。是radar？知道，求之；不知道，也没系，这并不。文章标题，只表达如下几个含义：1、概念；2、理论。很显然，这里是概念，文章的主要内容将会阐释概念。

看段。大家很快看出，段是讲故事的口吻，那肯定是在举例子了，不用太多费心考虑，直接忽略。不从段出题，一旦段仅仅是举例的话，就不要再看了，浏览一下最后一句就可以了，在例子后有个结论，比如本文的：Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.（回声，开发了许多有价值的工具。原句意思是：回声给了许多有价值的工具）

段时考试段落。英文的写作，作者思路都很单一，先总后分的结结构，间或也有先分后总的。，老师上课讲的，看每段话的起始句。90%的文章看起始句就可以本道题的答案。本段的起始句是：Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.讲的是回声定位仪器最早用于绘制海底地图。很容易找到对应的答案。

段用同样的方法，看起始句：Radar is now a familiar tool.该句总结性的句子，更多的信号。接着再看句：Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.本句承接句，讲的是如何的。答案也就显而易见了。但大家里要记住单词：unexpected，“预见到的”，等于答案F中的by chance“偶然间的”。这道题还用到了同义词替换解题方法。

段依然先看起始句：All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed.看完本句，你会本句是承上启下的句子，功能上是衔接上一段，还应该归于上一段的内容。接下来的句子中有两个引号，很这是在解释概念，radar的工作原理。在答案中，Principles是生词，但大家查字典可以找到其意思是原理，当然，还有纪律的意思。本题难度最大，既要考察大家概括大意的能力，还考查到了词汇能力，属于4个题中唯一一道区别高低分的题，做不对时可以原谅的。在考试中，每一都有难度比的题，建议大家心态要好，毕竟的只是及格。

看第五段，起始句：One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.非常，highway直接找到答案。本句的意思是：在五花八门的用途中，雷达也用作高速公路上的车速控制仪器。

，看而句子。本句子的试题考查的细节，大家要做的件事情找到文章中对应的原句，然后同义替换、句意转换等手段找到答案。

看：27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to　.回文定位，找到原句。怎么回文定位？这需要大家要找到句子中的标志词、关键词。情况下，词汇文定位快捷：的名次（本句中的Echo-sounding devices），表示顺序的词（early, first, last, then）、数词（年代、、、体积、大小）等。关键词，可以找到原文：Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.答案原文，容易。

28 Ultrasonic device were used to　.同样，用Ultrasonic device来定位，找到原文：Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships.答案：how deep the water is under ships.句意转换答案。原句的意思是：声波或超声波是测量轮船下面水深的工具。 

29 Police use radar on highways to .highway定位，找到原句：One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.意思是雷达的用途用于高速公路测速。答案你开车多快了。

30 Radar helps pilots to .pilot定位，直接的原句，断定这是一道区别能力的难题，需要更多的办法。可以很快找到内容在左后一段，大致看一下文章，然后使用排除法做题。排除与水、海、船的内容，飞机总是飞在天上的，就A、C了，但C找到是高速公路开车的内容，只能是A了。排除法在英语考试中是的方法，大家要学会使用。

总结：本类试题，的关键点不在于词汇、语法，而在于你怎么样迅速找到文章的内容。，不求都要做对，懂得取舍才会有好心态。