篇一：托福阅读典型长难句分析120
ubjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)
由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures
分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface
分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans
分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space
分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，
分句1是分句3的原因状语
分句3是整个长句子的主句
分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans
整个句子结构是：
原因状语+主句+后置定语
这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．
(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)
要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War
分句2：is
分句3：the country's impressive population growth
分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是3，2，1，即：该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War． 本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.
3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore．
(同位语从句claims that…)
结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。 分句1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health
分句2：claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore
分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作为分句2主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句2中。因此本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康
4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like．
(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)
关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。
分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports
分句2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones
分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs
分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like
分句1是整个长句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系，共同构成分句1的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。
5·The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly．
(同位语从句fact that…)
南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建(尽管不像南方那么引人注目)这一事实显得不太重要。
分句1. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact
分句2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North
分句3.though less spectacularly （省略）
1和2嵌套
1和3并列
6·The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl．
(宾语从句what we now know as)
现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。
分句1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled
分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl
分句1嵌套分句2，即分句1是主句，分句2是宾语从句，主句结构经过精简应该是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl。
本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词fuel，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动词的时候的意思就可以引申为促使、造成。
7.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth．
(Of结构作定语：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs…)
但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。
分句1：But these factors do not account for the interesting question
分句2：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth
分句1嵌套分句2.分句2是Of结构作后置定语修饰说明question的内容。
8. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent，the two captains set out． (同位语从句rumors that…)
当时有一些传言，说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动，而且在这一区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山，其面积达80英里长50英里宽。就在这些传言中，两位上尉出发了。
分句1：Amid rumors
分句2：that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region
分句3：and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent
分句4：the two captains set out
分句1和分句4构成倒装，正常的语序应该是分句4+分句1，即the two captains set out Amid rumors。分句1嵌套分句2和分句3，分句2和分句3是修饰分句1的rumors的同位语从句，用来说明谣言的具体内容。分句2和分句3构成并列关系。
9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century．
(同位语a supremacy)
17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。
分句1：In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，
分句2：a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century 分句2是分句1的同位语从句，用来修饰说明分句1中的the chief instruments of the keyboard group
10．A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．
(介词结构from…to…作定语)
持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。
分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century
分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it
分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality
分句4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，
分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance
本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句1和分句4构成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects，，分句2和分句3并列修饰说明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，而分句5和分句6并列，修饰说明了分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
11．The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more．
最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为Pueblo Bonito(美丽的城镇)，是一个五层梯式楼，有800多间房子，能够容纳1 000人以上。
分句1：The largest rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a
population of 1，000 or more
分句2：later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish
分句1嵌套分句2，分句2用来修饰分句1的主语the largest,分句1内部是由三个并列的谓语构成的句子。
12．Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word, silent．
(倒装accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…)
虽然我们习惯于将1927年以前的电影叫做“无声电影”，但是就“无声’’这个词的完整意义上说，电影从未真正的无声过。
分句1：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”
分句2：the film has never been silent
分句3：in the full sense of the word
本句的难点是在分句1内部有一个倒装，正常的语序应该是though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as silent.分句3是一个插入语，嵌套在分句2中，所以本句的真正强调的核心是the film has never been silent。
13.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces．
(特殊结构not…SO much as…——与其说…不如说…)
在好些年内，为各部影片选择配乐的权力完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中，而通常担任这种职位的资格与其说是技巧或鉴赏品位，不如说是个人拥有音乐作品的丰富收藏。
分句1：.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra
分句2：and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces
分句1 和分句2构成并列关系，分句2的难点在于not?? so much as的结构。
14·Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being．
(倒装coincident with concerns…has been…=…has been coincident with concerns…)
在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时，人们也越来越认识到生物多样化，即一个特定生态系统中物种的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性。
分句1：Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity
分句2：the number of species in a particular ecosystem
分句3：to the health of the Earth and human well-being
分句1内部构成倒装，正常语序应该是concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been coincident with a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being
所以真正的主句经过精简之后是concerns has been coincident with a growing appreciation
分句2是一个插入语，用来解释说明分句1结尾的biological diversity
15.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem
surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species．
(同位语从句fact that…；定语从句that comprise the bulk…)
考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。
分句1：The fact does not seem surprising
分句2：that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests
分句3：considering the huge numbers of insects
分句4：that comprise the bulk of the species
分句1嵌套分句2，分句2解释说明分句1的主语the fact,是同位语从句，分句3作为分句1的原因状语，分句4是定语从句，修饰分句3的the huge numbers of insects
16.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea，it helps to think small．
(特殊结构it helps to…做…有帮助)
要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助。
目的状语：To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea,
主句： it helps to think small． （这里的it是形式主语，没有实际意义）
1 7.Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks，but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house．
(特殊结构not any more than像…一样不…)
科学建立在事实上，就像房子用砖砌成一样。但收集的事实不能被叫做科学，就像一堆砖不能被称为房子一样。
分句1. Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks,
分句2. but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.
1和2是并列分句 （转折关系）
18.The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities．
(从句which side…is used…作corresponds to的宾语
两个半球之间的不同与身体的哪一部分用于进行特定的活动是对应的。
分句1. The variation between the (本文来自：Www.dXF5.com 东星资源 网:托福长难句分析)hemispheres corresponds to
分句2. which side of the body is used to perform specific activities．
1和2是嵌套
1是主句，2做主句的宾语
19.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction．
(特殊结构characterized by…——以…为特征)
尽管处于一个以抛弃大量现实主义传统(以作家约翰·巴思、唐纳德·巴塞尔姆和托马斯．品钦为代表)为特
篇二：托福100长难句解析
txt">1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space． (定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 原因状语
the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句
in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans
整个句子结构是：
原因状语+主句+后置定语
这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．
(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)
要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。 该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War．
本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.
3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore．
(同位语从句claims that…)
本句的主句结构是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。
同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods
prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康
本句的机构是主句内部嵌套一个同位语从句，
结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。
4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like．
(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)
关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。
5·The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly．
(同位语从句fact that…)
南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建(尽管不像南方那么引人注目)这一事实显得不太重要。
6·The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl．
(宾语从句what we now know as)
现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。
7.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth．
(of结构作定语：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs…)
但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。
8.Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 50 miles in extent，the two captains set out．
(同位语从句rumors that…)
当时有一些传言，说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动，而且在这一区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山，其面积达80英里长50英里宽。就在这些传言中，两位上尉出发了。
9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century．
(同位语a supremacy)
地位一直由它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。
10．A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．
(介词结构from…to…作定语)
持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。
11．The largest, later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more．
(虚拟语气)
最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为Pueblo Bonito(美丽的城镇)，是一个五层梯式楼，有800多问房子，能够容纳1 000人以上。
12．Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word, silent．
(倒装accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…)
虽然我们习惯于将1927年以前的电影叫做“无声电影”，但是就“无声’’这个词的完整意义上说，电影从未真正的无声过。
13.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces．
(特殊结构not…SO much as…——与其说…不如说…)
在好些年内，为各部影片选择配乐的权力完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中，而通常担任这种职位的资格与其说是技巧或鉴赏品位，不如说是个人拥有音乐作品的丰富收藏。
14·Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being． (倒装coincident with concerns…has been…=…has been coincident with concerns…) 在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时，人们也越来越认识到生物多样化，即一个特定生态系统中物种的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性。
15.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species．
(同位语从句fact that…；定语从句that comprise the bulk…)
篇三：托福阅读长难句解析资料
xt">托福阅读长难句解析资料摘要： 托福阅读长难句的理解分析是托福阅读拿高分的关键点，几乎所有托福阅读材料都涉及到长难句，那么我们应该怎样理解呢?我们可以从例句入手一步步剖析。
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1、
In the railroads' prime years，between 1 890 and 1920，there were a few individuals in the United States，most of them with solid railroading experience behind them，who made a profession of writing about railroading--works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive cabs.
(同位语most of them;定语从句who made a profession of writing)
【译句】在1890年到1920年间铁路的黄金时期，美国有几个人(他们大多有丰富的铁路经验)以写铁路题材为职业——作品围绕车站、停车场和机车。
分句1. there were a few individuals in the United States
分句2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them
分句3. who made a profession of writing about railroading
分句4. works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive cabs.
1是主句
2和3是嵌套
2作为1中a few individuals 的同位语，对它进一步解释说明
2、
On the other hand，when it comes to substantive--particularly behavioral-information，crows are less well known than many comparably common species and，for that matter，not a few quite uncommon ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example.
(特殊结构for that matter)
【译句】另一方面，当涉及实质性的，特别是行为方面的信息时，乌鸦就不如许多比较而言很普通的鸟类那样为人所知;而且，也不如许多很不寻常的鸟类，举一个明显的例子，如像濒危的加利福尼亚大秃鹫那样为人所
知。
分句1. when it comes to substantive--particularly behavioral-information
分句2. crows are less well known than many comparably common species and, for that matter，not a few quite uncommon ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example.
1和2是并列， 分句1是时间状语， 2是主句，其中包含插入语结构 以及 冒号连接的解释说明的成分
3、
Keen observers and quick learners，they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，including researchers，and adept at avoiding them.
(并列同位语keen observers and quick learners)
【译句】乌鸦是敏锐的观察家和快捷的学习者，它们对其他生物(包括研究人员)的意图感觉非常敏锐，并且善于躲开它们。
分句1. they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，including researchers
分句2. and adept at avoiding them.
1和2是并列。 句子开头的“keen observers and quick learners”是主语 they的同位语。
4、
These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history，providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented.
(宾语从句demonstrate that…;特殊结构otherwise)
【译句】这些研究人员已经力图证实他们的工作不仅可以成为科学而且还是历史的宝贵工具，为了解普通人的日常生活提供崭新的观点，否则这些普通人的生存状态不可能被记载得这么好。
分句1：These researchers have sought to demonstrate that
分句2：their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history
分句3：providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people
分句4：whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented.
分句1是整个长句子的主句
分句2是分句1的宾语从句
分句3是以现在分词形式表示伴随状态
分句4是分句3的定语从句。
5、
Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned.
(特殊结构Legend has it that…=There is a legend that…)
【译句】传说在内战(1861--1865)快结束的某个时候，一列载着牛群的政府的火车在穿过怀俄明州东部的北部平原时遇到了暴风雪，因此不得不被遗弃。
分句1：Legend has it that
分句2：sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm
分句3：and had to be abandoned
分句1是整个长句子的形式主句
分句2是分句1的具体解释，也是真正的主句。这里出现了几个分词形式，如“carrying oxen” “traveling through……”等，完全可以换成“that/which carries……”，这里都是现在分词做后置定语，起修饰限定作用。
分句3是2的并列。
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