篇一：2016盐城中考英语试卷结构
2016盐城中考英语模拟试卷结构
七、阅读与回答问题（本题共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。
World Sleep Day，organized by the Would Sleep Day Committee of the Would Association of
Sleep Medicine since 2008，is held on March 21 every year.
The aim of World Sleep Day is to celebrate the benefits of good and healthy sleep. Events
involving discussions，presentations of educational materials and exhibitions take pl
world and online.
Sleep quality plays a key role in people’s health. Researchers say that there are a lot of advantages
if we always get enough sleep. We can be smarter，thinner，healthier and more cheerful. Also we’
re to have better skin，better memories and longer lives. When you lose even one hour of sleep for
any reason，it will influence your performance the next day.
In general，adults are thought to need at least eight hours of sleep a night，but a recent survey
found that，on workdays，only 21% of them really get a full eight hours of sleep，and another 21%
get less than six. For teenagers，a healthy amount is about eight to nine hours per night. However，
about 80% of high school students don’t get enough sleep because of their schoolwork or some
bad habits.
27% of people throughout the world have sleep problems. Now there are over 80 kinds of sleep
disorders，and most people know little about their danger. So，for our good life and work，it’s
necessary for us to realize the importance of sleep and try to have a good sleep.
76. How long has World Sleep Day been celebrated so far？
77. What is the purpose of World Sleep Day？
78. What will happen if we sleep one hour less than we should？
79.Why don’t most high school students have enough sleep？
80. What suggestion will you make about our better sleep？（请自拟一句话作答）
76. For six years.
77. To celebrate the benefits of good and healthy sleep.
78. It will influence our performance the next day.
79. Because of their schoolwork and some bad habits.
80. We should have good sleep habits and enough sleep time.
篇二：江苏省盐城市2016年中考二模英语试题含答案
盐城市2015～2016 学年度九年级中考第二次模拟考试
英语试题
测试时间：100 分钟
本卷满分：120 分
友情提醒：
1. 答题前必须将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2. 第一卷每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上的答案标号(ABCD)涂黑，如需改动，必 须先用橡皮擦干净，再改涂其他答案。答在试卷上无效。 友情提醒： 1. 答题前必须将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2. 第一卷每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上的答案标号(ABCD)涂黑，如需改动，必须先用橡皮擦干净，再改涂其他答案。答在试卷上无效。
第 I 卷 ( 选择题, 共 60 分)
一、单项选择。（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，计 15 分）
( ) 1. --- Have you seen the Oscar movie called The Revenant(荒野猎人)？---Of course. It’s really ______ funny one, but maybe a little terrible.A. the B. an C. a D. /
( ) 2. Parents shouldn’t do everything for us, or we won’t learn to depend on ______. A. them B. us C. themselves D. ourselves
( )3. China’s soccer team will continue their dreams of 2018 World Cup after a 2-0 comfortable win over Qatar ______ March 2, 2016. A. in B. on C. with D. at
( ) 4. _______ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar． A. How interestingB. How an interesting C. What interestingD. What an interesting
( ) 5.Song Joong Ki（宋仲基） Kim Soo Hyun（金秀贤）is excellent. Recently, the TV series they acted in are popular among young people.A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
( ) 6. ---The 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro from August 5 to August 21. --- Wow, we can enjoy the match then.
A. will hold B. will be held C. was held D. is holding
( ) 7. Travelers on planes_______ carry knives because it is against the rules.A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. won’t D. needn’t
( ) 8. --- What’s wrong with you, Jane? You look tired.--- I_______ to watch my favorite TV program last night. A. stayed up B. put up C. turned up D. picked up
( ) 9. According to the rule, children should ______ a nearby school to receive education in Yancheng.
A. enter B. treat C. support D. present
( ) 10. --- _______ is it from the New Town to the old city centre?
九年级中考第二次模拟考试 --- Less than 30 minutes by underground.
A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How much
( ) 11. ---I wanted to visit your uncle when I passed his company, but he wasn't in. ---Oh, he for my father with me at the train station.A. is waiting B. waited C. has waited D. was waiting
( )12. His parents are worried about him because he always spends___ playing compute games. A. a number of time B. the number of time C. a bit time D. a great deal of time ( ) 13. ---Do you knowthis year?
---Let me check it for you. Oh, it’s on June 9th.
A. when the Dragon Boat Festival is B. how is the Dragon Boat Festival C. when is the Dragon Boat Festival D. how the Dragon Boat Festival is
( ) 14. ---All the people of Yancheng need to work together to make our city more beautiful. ---That’s it. __________.
A . Practice makes perfect B. Many hands make light work
C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do D. A friend in need is a friend indeed ( ) 15. ---I hope to join in the DIY Club and learn to reuse the waste in my home.
A. Better not B. I can’t agree more C. Never mind D. My pleasure
二、完形填空。（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，计 15 分）
When I was in Grade Three, I was chosen to be the princess in the school play.
For weeks my mother helped me 台词), but once on the stage, every word
disappeared17 my head. My teacher asked me to change my 18 and be the narrator
(讲解员).
Although I didn’t tell my mother 19had happened that day, she 20my unhappiness
and asked if I wanted to take a walk in the yard.
It was a lovely 21 day. It was warm. In the yard all the flowers came out. We could see
lots of dandelions (蒲公英)dancing among the colorful flowers. How beautiful they were! I
watched my mother carelessly bend down for some flowers. “I think I am going to 22 all the weeds (杂草)in the garden.” she said.
“But I like dandelions,” I said, “All flowers are — even dandelions.” My mother looked at me 24 . “Yes, every flower shines in its own way, doesn’t it?” shesaid. I nodded. “So that is She had sensed my 26 . I started to cry and told her the truth. “You will be a great narrator.” she said. Then she told me27 I loved to read stories to
her when I was in Grade 1.
Over the next few 28 , I learned to take pride in the role. The big day finally 29 . A
few minutes before the play, my teacher came over to me. “Your mother asked me to give this to you,” she said, passing me a dandelion. After the play, I took the flower home, laughing that I was
perhaps30person who would keep such a common dandelion. (改编于九下《英语读本》)
( )16 A.write B.practice C.train
D.provide
英语试题 第 1 页，共 4 页
( )17 A.from B.in
C.on D.over ( )18 A.names B.characters C.role D.lines ( )19 A.which B.when C.that D.what ( )20 A.sensed B.touched C.reached D.heard ( )21 A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter ( )22 A.use up B.eat up C.dig up D.drink up ( )23 A.perfect B.lively C.beautiful D.natural ( )24 A.sadly B.carelessly C.surprisingly D.happily ( )25 A.kind B.good C.true
D.suitable ( )26 A.worry B.stress C.nervousness D.pain
( )27 A.how B.how much C.how many D.how long ( )28 A.days B.weeks C.months D.years (
)29 A.went B.came C.ran D.appeared (
)30 A.the only B.the best C.the last D.the worst
三、阅读理解。（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，计 30 分） A. 阅读下列短文，从
每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
You are not going to believe this! A Japanese sweets maker made a rocket using candy as fuel (燃料), and it went up in the air on March 7.
With 20 soft candies, Candy Rocket went 248 meters high.
A big paper boat is floating on the water! It is 3.6 meters long and weighs 100kg. Morwenna Wilson, a British man, made it and put it on a lake in South London. This paper boat can even carry an adult.
It must be amazing for skiers to try this. It is a bedroom in a cable car above the snowy mountains of Courchevel, France. It is 2,700 meters high. It has basic living things and can hold 4 people. You can enjoy beautiful night views in the air and arrive at the top
the next day.
Pandas are traveling around the world! In the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1,600 pandas got together at the square. They will go to 15 famous places in Malaysia. French artist Paulo Grangeon made these pandas with paper. He started his project Pandas on Tour in 2008 and traveled to more than 20 countries. It is
to tell people to protect pandas.
( )31.If you are interested in staying in a paper boat on a lake, you should go to _________. A.
Japan B. England C. France D. Malaysia
九年级中考第二次模拟考试( )32. How many people can stay in the bedroom in a cable car?A. 4. B. 15. C. 20. D. 248.
( )33. Why did Paulo Grangeon made 1,600 pandas with paper?
A. To travel around the world. B. To enjoy beautiful night views. C. To become famous in the world. D. To remind people to protect pandas.
( )34. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. A Japanese scientist made the candy rocket and it went up in the air on March 7.
B. Several adults can stay in the paper boat on a lake in South London.
C. Skiers can stay in the bedroom in a cable car for a night. D. Paulo Grangeon is good at making paper pandas as well as paper boat. ( )35. Where can you probably read this passage?
A. In a newspaper. B. In a novel. C. In a dictionary. D. In a history book.
B
Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the listeners, but then stopped for a while. He had forgotten her name.
Barbara hid her valuable things when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn’t remember where she’d put them.
Perhaps you’ve had such experiences like these. Most people have. But most of them haven’t realized that they have a memory problem. Neither do they know a simple but important fact:
Memory can be improved. If you’ll just accept that, the following will show you how.
First, relax. If you are over worried about remembering something, you’ll forget it. If you keep telling yourself that your memory is bad, your mind will come to believe it and you won’t remember things. When you forget something, don’t follow up with sayings like “Oh, my God! I always forget things!” Such words will have a bad result on you and your memory.
But relaxing isn’t enough. To improve your memory, you’ll need to take an active role. Like your body, your memory can be made strong through exercise. Look for to exercise your memory. For example, if you’re learning a language, try to actively remember a lot of new
words.
If you don’t take notice of things actively, you won’t remember them. So, you can make pictures of what you see in your mind every day. For example, don’t just put your keys down! If you want to find them again, make a mind picture of the place where you’re putting them.
( )36. The first two paragraphs just tell us _________.
A. Barbara was a very rich person B. Mark often forgot his friends’ names C. examples of memory problems D. language problems of two persons
( )37. When you forget things, you _________.
A. must be too careless B. shouldn’t lose heart about your memory C. must accept the fact D. shouldn’t take notice of the result ( )38. The word “opportunities” in the fifth paragraph means “_________”. A. places B. activities C. positions D. Chances
英语试题 第 2 页，共 4 页
(
)39. According to the passage, _________ can make your memory better. A. realizing your memory problems B. talking to your friends
C. making mind pictures of what you see D. doing sports every day (
)40. The purpose of the passage is to help you _________. A. to improve your memory B. to introduce the guest
C. to remember new words D. to forget unhappy things
C
Do you want to know how and why a fall leaf changes color? We first have to understand what leaves are and what they do.
Leaves are the world’s food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots and take CO2 from the air. Plants use sunlight to turn water and CO2 into glucose(葡萄糖), a kind of sugar. Plants use it as food for energy and growing.
A chemical called in the leaves gives plants their green colour. As summer ends and autumn
comes, the days get shorter and shorter, and trees “know” to begin getting ready for winter. During winter, there is not enough sunlight or water. Trees rest during this time and live on the food they store during the summer. They begin to shut down their food-making factories. As the green chlorophyll disappears from the leaves, we begin to see yellow and orange leaves.
The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in autumn. In some trees, like maples(
枫树), sunlight and the cool nights of autumn turn the glucose in the leaves into a red
colour. And we can enjoy the beautiful red leaves during autumn.
(
sunlight+ +CO2 glucoseA. air B. water C. sugar D. wind
( )42. The underlined word “chlorophyll” means __________．
A. 蛋白质 B. 脂肪 C.叶绿素 D. 淀粉 ( )43. The leaves t urn yellow because they are short of (缺少) __________. A. sunlight and water B. glucose and energy
C. water and CO2
D. sunlight and CO2 (
)44. Which of the following is NOT true?A. When autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter. B. Trees begin to stop making food in summer.
C. During winter some of yellow and orange colors are still in the leaves.
D. During winter trees live on the food they store in summer. ( )45. This passage tells us_____________.
A. the plants can grow well only with the sunlight B. there are all kinds of plants on the earth C. maple leaves change the color as other trees
D. not all the colors of the leaves are from chlorophyll
九年级中考第二次模拟考试 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，60 分）
B.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息，每空一词。(共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，
计 10 分)
Camping in your backyard is full of fun, whatever how old you are. Follow these instructions and
you'll have a night and you’ll never forget!
Put up your tent. Depending on the number of family members and guests, you may need more than one tent. Tell your friends to bring their tents if needed. Follow the instructions or check out the articles on how to put up a tent on the Internet ．
Prepare your bedding.
You’ll want your guests to be able to relax in comfort. Put something soft to lie on the floor: A blow-up air mattress(床垫) or thick comforters may work well. Fill the tent with soft toys and blankets. Lightweight sleeping bags or cotton blankets are needed, especially when the temperatures drop greatly at night
．
Prepare a seating area. If you have a picnic table, that would work best. If not, set up a few chairs and a small table to set out drinks and food. A simple choice is to lay out a blanket in the sun, so that your friends can eat and talk. Be sure the grass isn’t wet!
Make memories. If you plan some activities, you will be sure to relax yourself. You’re camping in the backyard, so it’s time to make the most of being outdoors.
Have a camera nearby to take silly photos of you, your family members and your friends.
Remember to take a photo of all the camps smiling and laughing. Be sure to make copies for everyone!
C.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。(共 5 小题，每小题 2 分,计 10 分）
As so many nations had made a claim to territory in Antarctica, it was clear that fighting might break out. Diplomats from different countries wanted to stop a war from starting, so they
英语试题 第 3 页，共 4 页
篇三：2016年江苏省盐城市中考语文试卷及答案(word版)
盐城市2016年初中毕业与升学考试语文试题
一、积累与运用（35分）
1、古诗文名句默写。（10分）
⑴为者常成，▲。（《晏子春秋》）
⑵黄发垂髫，▲。（陶渊明《桃花源记》）
⑶谁言寸草心，▲。（孟郊《游子吟》）
⑷▲，恨别鸟惊心。（杜甫《春望》）
⑸接天莲叶无穷碧，▲。（杨万里《晓出净慈寺送林子方》）
⑹▲，柳暗花明又一村。（陆游《游山西村》）
⑺王勃《送杜少府之任蜀川》中表示友谊不受时空阻隔的诗句是▲，▲。 ⑻李白《行路难》中表现诗人远大抱负和强烈自信的诗句是▲，▲。
2、阅读下面文字，按要求答题。（5分）
暮春四月，伴随着脍（▲）炙人口的歌曲《一个真实的故事》，盐城形象宣传月亮相瑞视新闻pín（▲）道，优雅圣洁的丹顶鹤、骄健雄壮的麋鹿、气势磅bó（▲）的海港、清新茂密的森林、古色古香的水街??一个个盐城元素闪亮登场，一幅幅精彩画面震憾人心，向海内外观众展示了盐城的独特魅力。
（1）给加点字注意，根据拼音写出汉字。（3分）
（2）语段中有两个错别字，找出并改正。（2分）
3、下列句子中加点成语使用不正确的一项是（2分）
A、两年前，世界大学生运动会就在这座美轮美奂的建筑中上演了一部青春序曲。 ．．．．[
B、茫茫人海中，能够与一个人萍水相逢，即使擦肩而过，也是一种难得的缘分。 ．．．．
C、冰雪初融，江河日下，涓涓细流润泽万物，奏在人们不知不觉中悄然而至。 ．．．．
D、大型武术舞台剧《太极秀》融合声光电技术，场面极其壮观，令人叹为观止。 ．．．．
4、下列句子没有语病的一项是（2分）
A．一个人能否成为真正的读者，关键在于青少年时期养成良好的阅读习惯。
B．作家曹文轩获2016年国际安徒生奖，对中国儿童文学走向世界意义重大。
C．这种网络社交工具的广泛使用，大大加快了信息流通的速度和质量。
D．通过“教育现代化”的创建，使得不少学校的办学条件有了明显改善。
5、下列句子顺序排列最恰当的一项是（2分）
①花草树木枯萎，鱼鸟虫兽死亡，人类自然也就无法生存了。
②恐怕到了那个时候，地球的最后一滴水就是人类的眼泪。
③水是人类生命的源泉，水是万物生长的根基。
④如若有一天，地球的水枯竭了，那么人间就会变成地狱。
⑤正是有了水的滋润，一切生物才能如此欣欣向荣，如此生机勃勃。
A．④③⑤①② B．③④②①⑤ C．③⑤④①② D．④①②⑤③
6、名著阅读。（5分）
（1）下列说法不正确的一项是（2分）
A．《父亲的病》既讽刺庸医，也批评封建主义的孝道，提出了一种崭新的人道主义态度。
B．高尔基根据亲身经历，以娴熟的艺术技巧成功再现了阿廖沙从觉醒到成长的艰苦历程。
C．祥子买到新车遭到流窜的大兵劫掠后，孙侦探的敲诈夺走了他准备第二次买车的积蓄。
D．在监狱对敌斗争中，成岗沉着冷静，承认传单是他所写，引敌误判，保护了同志和组织。
（2）阅读《水浒传》选段，结合相关情节回答问题。
A披挂、拴束了弓箭，绰枪上马，带了三五十名军汉，都拖枪拽棒，直奔到刘高寨里来，把门军人见了，那里敢拦挡；见A头势不好，尽皆吃惊，都四散走了，A抢到厅前，下了马，手中拿着枪，那三五十人都两摆在厅前??A见刘高不出来，立了一回，喝叫左右去两边耳房里搜人。
选段中A是 ▲ （人名），其绰号是 “ ▲ ”，选段中A搜人是为了 ▲ 。
7、综合性学习。（9分） 光华中学正开展“墨香书法”语文实践系列活动，请你参与，并完成相关任务。
【材料1】学校大屏幕展示的实时新闻
2016年5月15日晚，嘉德“大观之夜”专场拍卖举行。“唐宋八大家”之一曾巩的唯一传世作品《局事帖》以2.07亿元成交。消息瞬间传遍收藏圈，也引起了大众的普遍关注。“一个字相当于167万元，真可谓天价书法！”不少网友对于疯狂的亿元书法很吃惊。其实自2010年中国艺术品市场达到火爆顶峰起，已经有多件拍品价格过亿，这也标志着中国书画步入亿元时代。
【材料2】学校“墨缘”书法社展开的部分书法作品
【活动一】热点追踪，结合材料1，为新闻拟写一个标题（不超过15字）（2分）
【活动二】名作欣赏，结合材料2，写出三幅书法作品的字体。（3分）
【活动三】创意先锋。为推动“书法艺术进校园”活动，请依据前一句格式，在横线上补全宣传标语。（1分）
弘扬书法艺术， ▲ 。
【活动四】名家讲堂。学校拟邀请著名书法家陈振濂先生下周四下午3点到学校礼堂，为全体同学作书法欣赏指导讲座。假如你是学校“墨缘”书法社的李华，前去邀请陈先生，该如何说？（3分） 李华： ▲
二、阅读理解（55分）
（一）阅读下面这首词，完成第8题。（5分）
渔家傲 [李清照]
天接云涛连晓雾，星河欲转千帆舞。仿佛梦魂归帝所。闻天语，殷勤问我归何处。 我报路长嗟日暮，学诗谩有惊人句。九万里风鹏正举。风休住，蓬舟吹取三山去！ 注释：⑴星河：银河。⑵谩有，空有。⑶三山，指传说中的蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲三座仙山。
8、（1）试用生动的语言描绘上阕一二两句所写的梦境。（2分）
（2）下阕哪一句是对“殷勤问我归何处”的回答？该句表达了词人怎样的思想情感？（3分）
（二）阅读下面文言文，完成9—12题。（17分）
【甲】元丰六年十月十二日夜，解衣欲睡，月色入户，欣然起行。念无与为乐者，遂至承天寺寻张怀民。怀民亦未寝，相与步于中庭。庭下如积水空明，水中藻荇交横，盖竹柏影也。何夜无月？何处无竹柏？但少闲人如吾两人者耳。（苏轼《记承天寺夜游》）
【乙】徙知徐州。河决曹村，泛于梁山泊，溢于南清河，汇于城下，城将败，富民争出避水。轼曰：“富民出，民皆动摇，吾谁与守？吾在是，水决不能败城。”驱使复入。轼诣武卫
营，呼卒长，曰：“河将害城事急矣虽禁军且为我尽力。”卒长曰：“太守犹不避涂潦①，吾侪小人，当效命。”率其徒持畚锸②以出，筑东南长堤，首起戏马台，尾属于城。轼庐于其上，过家不入，使官吏分堵③以守，卒全其城。复请调来岁夫增筑故城，为木岸，以虞水之再至。朝廷从之。（节选自《宋史·苏轼传》）
【注】①涂潦，泥沼雨水。②畚锸，箕畚铁锹。③堵，古墙体单位，长与高各一丈为一堵。
9、解释加点词的意思。（4分）
⑴相与步于中庭 ▲ ⑵但少闲人如吾两人者耳 ▲．．
⑶轼诣武卫营 ▲ ⑷卒全其城 ▲．．
10、用斜线（/）为文中画波浪线的句子断句，限两处。（2分）
河 将 害 城 事 急 矣 虽 禁 军 且 为 我 尽 力
11、将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（7分）
⑴庭下如积水空明，水中藻荇交横，盖竹柏影也。
⑵ 富民出，民皆动摇，吾谁与守？
⑶ 轼庐于其上，过家不入。
12、【甲】文表现了苏轼安闲自适的心境，还流露出作者怎样的情绪？【乙】文记述了苏轼率领官兵抗洪筑堤、保城安民的事迹，表现了他怎样的精神品质？（4分）
【译文】调任徐州知州。黄河在曹村决口，在梁山泊泛滥,从南清河溢出,汇聚在徐州城下。城墙将要被浸坏，富裕的百姓争着出城躲避水灾。苏轼说：“富人出去了，百姓都人心躁动不安，我和谁守城？我在这里，洪水决不会浸坏城墙。”又把富人重新赶进城去。苏轼到武卫营，喊来卒长，说：“河水将要冲坏城墙，事情紧急，你们虽是禁军，姑且替我出力。”卒长说：“太守尚且不躲避水患，我等小人，应当效命。”就率领兵卒拿着畚箕铁锹出去，筑起东南长堤，从戏马台开始，一直连接到城墙。苏轼把家安置在堤上，即使路过家门也不进去，派官吏分段防守，最终保全了这座城。他又请求调发第二年的役人来增筑旧城墙，用树木筑起防护堤，以防水再来。朝廷同意了他的做法。
（三）阅读下面文章，完成13—16题。（14分）
孝乃德之本
谭用发
《论语》记载：一天，孔子的学生子夏问孔子什么是孝，孔子只讲了两个字——色难。意思是说，给父母好脸色是最基本的孝道，也是最难做到的。
父母对于儿女的很多不是，都不会往心里去，唯独最难接受的，就是儿女给脸色看。有位老太太，中午去儿子房间找报纸，正碰上儿子回来。儿子刚谈砸了一桩业务，心情不太好，见母亲在他的床上摸索，生硬地说：“妈，你没事在自己房里好好待着，别到处乱串。”母亲解释说：“我只是找张报纸，顺便在你们床上坐一会儿。”儿子的脸色很难看，出门前扔下一句：“吃饱没事干。”没想到当天夜里，这位老母亲选择了轻生。
儿女给父母好脸色难在哪里？难就难在对父母的一些衰老行为，如多愁善感，行动迟缓，说话絮絮叨叨，做事丢三落四等，要能够始终给予理解、宽容和善待。难就难在对自己的一些不良行为，如任性、娇气、以自我为中心等，要能够不断进行反省、克服和纠正，特别是在外无论遇到什么不顺心、不如意的事，都不能把情绪带到家里来。难就难在给父母好脸色，要能够持之以久。一时一事给父母好脸色不难做到，难的是处处事事都是如此，尤其是当老人久病在床的时候。
一个人从母亲十月怀胎到呱呱坠地，从咿呀学语到蹒跚学步，从上学、择业到结婚生子，父母究竟付出了多少精力和心血？山东枣庄“捐肾救母”的田世国说：“母亲生我养我，可我做的连她给我的万分之一都没有。”常思养育之恩，孝老爱亲才不会为难。
除了感恩之心，恭敬之心对于行孝也极为重要。《礼记·祭义》云：“孝子之有深爱者必
有和气，有和气者必有愉色，有愉色者必有婉容。”给父母好脸色，关键是要常思养育之恩，常怀恭敬之心，常省自身之过，始终对父母怀有深切的爱心和敬意。有了恭敬心，与父母说话的态度和语气，自会温婉谦和，照顾侍候父母，自会恭谨周到。有了恭敬心，父母的教诲会认真聆听，父母的责备会虚心悦纳。
国风之本在家风，家风之本在孝道。愿天下儿女，常以发自内心的微笑去慰藉父母的心灵。当我们树起尊老爱老、孝老护老的现代风尚，孝心汇聚成流一定可以滋润出社会的和谐美好。
（选自《人民日报》2016年03月25日 04 版，有删改）
13、本文所议论的“孝”，具体到行为上，是指 ▲ （2分）
14、第2段主要运用了 ▲ 的论证方法，其作用是 ▲ （4分）
15、第3段画线句子提出的问题，作者是从哪些方面分析作答的？请简要概括。（3分）
16、结合本文观点，联系自身实际，说说子女怎样才能对父母尽孝。（5分） ．．．．．．
（四）阅读下面文章，完成17—21题。（19分）
酒酿王
凌鼎年
黄阿二的酒酿在古庙镇上老老少少都翘起大拇指，没有不说呱呱叫的。古庙镇人黄、王不分，大伙习惯喊黄阿二为“酒酿黄”，但听起来总像“酒酿王”，其实喊他酒酿王倒也不虚不谬。至少在古庙镇上，还没有谁做酒酿能做得过黄阿二的。 黄阿二做酒酿，不用大钵头，而是用小钵头。据说小钵头酒酿比大钵头酒酿难做，因此做酒酿小生意的，都习惯用大钵头，不敢轻易改用小钵头，单凭这一点，黄阿二就区别其他做酒酿买卖的。
古庙镇人只要一听那吆喝就知道是“酒酿王”来了。别人喊“酒酿——酒酿来——”他喊“酒酿——小钵头甜酒酿来哉——”，酒酿王的嗓音很浑厚，有一种穿透力，能穿过门墙，撞入人们的耳膜。一年四季，春夏秋冬，都能听到酒酿王的吆喝，他那极有韵味的吆喝可以说已成了古庙镇的一种文化风景。
古庙镇的人偏好吃酒酿有些年头了，来了客，端碗酒酿小圆子，乃待客的一种，既不破费多少，也还上得台面，那些老吃客十有八九认准酒酿王的酒酿。据他们说，一上口就能吃出是不是酒酿王做的酒酿。每每这时，黄阿二脸上就浮现出一种满足，一种得意来。用他的话说，有老吃客的这些评价，比吃人参还补。
酒酿王的酒酿从来只有买不到的日子，没有卖不掉的日子。但黄阿二坚持每天只做三十小钵头，一小钵头也不多做，从无例外。通常他九点钟骑了黄鱼车笃悠悠地走街串巷，一路骑过去，一路吆喝过去。黄阿二常说：他做酒酿买卖，一半是为了能吆喝上这几声。只要每日里这么吆喝一嗓子，通体舒畅。若待在家里只吃不做，不吆喝，不出一个月保管憋出病来。
黄阿二的酒酿常常是不到吃中饭就卖光了。下午，他或茶馆里坐坐，或澡堂城泡泡。天长日久，他有了不少茶友、浴友，每日里聚在一起，嚼起来没有啥话题避讳的。有位老茶友对他说：“你的酒酿，牌子已做出了，生意这么好，何不多做点?”“我只一双手。”黄阿二说了这话再不多言。有位浴友替他出主意说：“那请一两个帮手嘛，你还可过过老板瘾呢。”黄阿二默默半晌后说：“我这人命贱，自己不动手做，比死还难受。再说了，自己做放心。做好做坏，心里有底。”
黄阿二的酒酿不论斤不论两，论钵头的，一小钵头一买，连钵头买也可，用锅用盆来倒回去也行。他的酒酿打出牌子，不挑不拣，顺着摆放的次序拿，若要比比看，挑挑看，他就不卖。老主顾都知道，黄阿二的酒酿钵钵一样，无需挑挑拣拣的，否则，咋叫“酒酿王”?古庙镇的人都说：如今像黄阿二这样信得过的生意人越来越少了。
有次，一公司总经理来找他定做五十小钵头酒酿，说有批上海客户慕他酒酿王的名，点名要吃他酿的小钵头酒酿。公司准备连钵头买，钱可以预付。
黄阿二说：“可以。但每天只有三十钵头，若要五十钵头只能分两天交货。”
那怎么行。公司总经理表示价钱上可以提高点。
谁知黄阿二说做五十钵头质量上就难保证了。只能一天三十钵头。要就要，不要拉倒，没啥商量的。
经理碰了一鼻子灰，一百个想不通。有赚不赚猪头三，这黄阿二死脑子一个。
听惯了黄阿二的吆喝，几回不听见，就有人问：“酒酿王这两天怎么没来?”往往这话还在耳边，那“酒酿——小钵头甜酒酿来哉——”的吆喝声就传来了。
最近，连着好几天未听到酒酿王的吆喝声了，生活中仿佛缺了什么。一打听，原来黄阿二病了。大家怪想念黄阿二的，几个老茶友、老浴友结伴前去看望他。进了门，大伙儿一起吆喝了一声：“酒酿——小钵头甜酒酿来哉——”
黄阿二听后浑身一震，他撑起身子说：“你们这一声吆喝，对我来说，比吃啥药都强，这不，毛病好了一半。”
（摘自《第五届小小说金麻雀奖获奖作品》，有删改）
17、小说开头说“其实喊他酒酿王倒也不虚不谬”，请联系全文概括作者这样说的理由。（3分）
18、品读下面两句话回答：酒酿王的吆喝在古庙镇有什么特别的意义？（2分） ⑴他那极有韵味的吆喝可以说已成了古庙镇的一种文化风景。
⑵连着好几天未听到酒酿王的吆喝声了，生活中仿佛缺了什么。
19、文中黄阿二的语言极具修改。请任选三处说说分别表现了人物什么性格特征。（6分）
20、除了黄阿二以外，小说还具体写了哪些人？写这些人有什么作用？（4分）
21、文中说“如今像黄阿二这样信得过的生意人越来越少了”，试联系实际说说酒酿王的形象在当今社会有什么现实意义？（4分）
三、写作（60分）
22、色彩，演绎亮丽的阳光，点缀明媚的自然；色彩，装饰美好的生活，扮靓诗意的人生；色彩凝聚温馨的记忆，辉映灿烂的历史??那一抹色彩，让你打开心扉；那一抹色彩，让你驻足流连。
请以“有那样一抹色彩”为题，写一篇文章。
要求：⑴立意自定；⑵除诗歌外，文体不限；⑶不少于600字；⑷文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名。