篇一：阳泉市2014年中考数学试题评价和试卷分析
阳泉市2014年中考数学试题
评价和试卷分析
阳泉市中考数学评卷组 二○一四年七月二日
阳泉市2014年中考数学试题评价和试卷分析
阳泉市中考数学评卷组
山西省2014年中考数学试题依据《义务教育数学课程标准》，落实了《山西省2014初中毕业生学业考试科目说明》的要求，试题结构稳定，内容科学，表述准确规范，试题设计意图和考查目标明确，体现了九年义务教育的性质，有利于促进初中数学课程改革和教学改革。为了进一步提高我市的初中数学教育教学质量，现对2014年山西省中考数学试题及阳泉市2014年中考数学答题情况分析如下：
试 题 分 析
一、整体情况
1.今年中考数学试题共三大题24小题，满分120分。客观题部分：选择题30分，占25%；主观题部分：填空题18分，占15%，解答题72分，占60%。我市实行网上阅卷，试题与答题卡分离。
2.数与代数、图形与几何、统计与概率内容分值分布如下：
从上表可以知道，数与代数部分约占45.8%，空间与图形部分约占40.8%，统计与概率部分约占13.4%。
3.试题题量与去年相比，少了2道，客观性试题和主观性试题比例适当，注重考查学生基础知识和基本技能，而且采分点合理，较好的体现了考查性和选拔性。
4.难度分布
试题的整体难度为 ， 第二卷（满分90分）整体难度 ，试题难度分布为0.3以下占分，占0.3—0.7占 分，0.7以上占 分.易中难比例。
二、试题特点
从考查内容来看，试题涉及数与代数、图形与几何、统计与概率、综合实践（研究性学习）四大板块。对函数、方程、三角形、四边形、统计与概率都作了重点考查。试题突出了基础性，强调了应用性，增加了探究性，更注重了综合性。
1、注重对基础知识、基本能力与数学核心内容的考查。
纵观整套试题，知识覆盖面广，考查的主要内容是支撑学科的基本知识、基本技能、基本思想和方法，无“繁、难、偏、旧”的知识。内容包括数与式（1、3、9、11、12、17）、方程（组）与不等式（组）（18、22）、函数（13、24）、相交线与平行线（2）、三角形与四边形（16、19、21、23）、圆（8、15）、图形的变换（19、23）、统计与概率（7、14、20）等核心内容，同时关注了函数与方程思想、数形结合思想、分类讨论思想、统计与概率等思想，以及由特殊到一般、运动与变化等数学观念，试题突出了对学生研究问题的策略和运用数学知识解决实际问题能力的考查。
2、注重对必要的运算能力和基本的推理能力的考查。
考查人人都能获得的必需的数学，人人都要学有价值的数学。例如第3题，第11题，第12题，第17题，第18题都是直接考查学生的运算能力，涉及实数的计算，整式的运算，分解因式，分式的运算，二次根式的计算和不等式的运算。第8题，第21题，第23题的前两问是考查学生简单的几何推理能力和几何运算能力。
3、注重对学生“应用意识”的考查。
要求学生能够分析问题，建立恰当有效的数学模型，进而运用数学知识解决实际问题。本
套试题涉及到实际应用的试题有第14、15、20、21、22题等，约有32分，占26.7%。问题的背景都非常贴近生活，如通过“手心手背”做游戏，走廊的拐角，公司招聘人才，旅游景区的缆车长度，广场绿化等，学生对背景既感到新颖又感到亲切，便于考场的发挥。
4、注重对学生创新意识和自主探究能力的考查。
数学学习是一个生动活泼的、主动的和富有个性的过程。创新是思维的高级阶段，是一个民族的灵魂，数学教学应注重培养学生的创新意识，发展学生的探究能力。如第10题，学生运用正方形的性质将重叠部分一般四边形转化为特殊的正方形，再求出对角线的长，利用特殊角的三角函数求出边长，进而来求面积；第16题，学生抓住三角形中特殊角（45度、60度）的三角函数来进行相关的计算；第19题是一个开放性的试题，第（1）问学生通过阅读材料，理解分析，和所学的菱形的定义判定比较，进而得出结论；第（2）问学生设计符合题意的图案，培养学生灵活综合运用知识的能力和创新意识；第23题，学生经历了问题探究的全过程，从而考查学生在新的问题情境中分析和解决问题的能力。这些题都具有一定的探究性和挑战性，有利于考查学生的创新意识和探究能力，同时也使试卷具有恰当的区分度，符合中考试题具有部分选拔功能的要求。
三、对今后命题的建议
继续发挥中考试题对教学的正确导向
近几年我省中考数学试题无论是试题结构，还是试题难度，整体平稳，对初中数学教学发挥了积极的导向作用。今年的试题，进一步关注课程改革，关注学生学习，引导课程改革进一步深入。建议今后要加强对数学教师命题技术的培训，建立相对稳定的命题队伍，更好地引领课改，促进我省的初中数学教育教学质量全面提高.
总之，2014年我省中考数学试题是一份能使各类学生展示自己学习能力的试题，是一份对数学教学具有良好导向的试题。
试 卷 分 析
今年我市中考报名人数 人，实考人数 人。最高分 分，最低分 分，平均分 分。第一卷平均得分 分。
一、试卷抽样分析
抽样调查结果通过对300份数学试卷（第二卷）抽样分析，总平均分38.32分，最高分 分，最低分分，各小题得分情况如下：
二、试卷均分和难度全面调查结果
三、主要成绩 1.基础知识掌握较扎实
今年的试题难度适中，从抽取的学生答卷情况可以看出， 题得分率较高，解答题中计算题和概率题得分率达到%以上，可见学生的基础知识掌握较好.
例如：填空题11，12，解答题17，18，只要学生掌握了基本概念或基本运算就可得到答案。填空题的第11题是对整式乘法中的单项式乘单项式的运算考查；第12题是对异分母的分式运算的考查；解答题的第17题是对特殊角的三角函数值及负指数幂、二次根式的计算的基本考查；第18题，对学生的能力要求也仅局限在数学中核心内容的掌握，考查解一元一次不等式组。题目内容都是学生非常熟悉的，容易上手，运算也非常简单，学生容易得分。这样的命题思想，有利于调动教师的教数学及学生的学数学的积极性，为保持学生后续学习数学的信心打下坚实基础。
篇二：山西省阳泉市2016年中考数学一轮复习测试题(四)含答案
2016年中考数学复习测试题（四）
一、选择题（共10小题；共50分）
1. 下列关于尺规的功能说法不正确的是 ()
A. 直尺的功能是：在两点间连接一条线段，将线段向两方向延长 B. 直尺的功能是：可作平角和直角
C. 圆规的功能是：以任意长为半径，以任意点为圆心作一个圆 D. 圆规的功能是：以任意长为半径，以任意点为圆心作一段弧 2. 下列调查中适合采用全面调查的是 ()
A. 调查市场上某种白酒的塑化剂的含量 B. 调查鞋厂生产的鞋底能承受弯折次数
C. 了解某火车的一节车厢内感染禽流感病毒的人数 D. 了解某城市居民收看辽宁卫视的时间
3. 同时抛掷
、
两个均匀的小立方体（每个面上分别标有数字
立方体朝上的数字分别为
，，并以此确定点
上的概率为 ()
4. 如图，在
的位置，使得
中，
，则
，在同一平面内，将
绕点
旋转到
A.
B.
C.
D.
），设两
，那么点
落在抛物线
A.
B.
C.
D.
5. 如图，小红做了一个实验，将正六边形
绕点
顺时针旋转后到达
的位置，所转过的度数是
6. 如图，已知
片沿
A.
B.
C.
D.
为等腰三角形纸片
的底边，，．将此三角形纸
剪开，得到两个三角形，若把这两个三角形拼成一个平面四边形，则能拼出
互不全等的四边形的个数是 ．
A.
B.
C.
D.
7. 种菜能手李大叔种植了一批新品种黄瓜．为了考察这种黄瓜的生产情况，李大叔抽查了部分黄瓜株上长出的黄瓜根数，得到如图所示的条形图，则抽查的这部分黄瓜株上所结黄瓜根数的中位数和众数分别是
A.
，
B.
，
C.
，
D.
，
8. 从
，，， 中任取两个不同的数，其乘积大于
的概率是 ()
A.
B.
C.
D.
9. 一个电子元件接在
的电子元件并联接到
10. 在一化学实验中，因仪器和观察的误差，使得三次实验所得实验数据分别为
．我们规定该实验的"最佳实验数据" 是这样一个数值： 与各数据
差的平方和
A.
最小．依此规定，则 B.
() C.
D.
A.
之间形成通路的概率是
，至少需要 之间，才能保证
B.
间成为通路的概率不低于
C.
． D.
二、填空题（共6小题；共30分） 11. 有
个数，它们的平均数是
是 ．
12. 如图，已知线段 ，用尺规作出
作法： ① 作一条线段
．
，使
，
．
，再添加一个数
，则这
个数的平均数
② 分别以、为圆心，以长 为半径画弧，两弧交于
点．
③ 连接、，则
三角形．
就是所求作的
13. “六?一”期间，小洁的妈妈经营的玩具店进了一纸箱除颜色外都相同的散装塑料球共
个，小洁将纸箱里面的球搅匀后，从中随机摸出一个球记下其颜色，把它放回纸箱中；搅匀后再随机摸出一个球记下其颜色，把它放回纸箱中；．多次重复上述过程后，发现摸到红球的频率逐渐稳定在
是 个．
14. 如图，把
上，连接
绕点
逆时针旋转
，则
，得到
，点
恰好落在边
，由此可以估计纸箱内红球的个数约
度．
15. 将正方形纸片以适当方式折叠一次，沿折痕剪开后得到两块小纸片，用这两块小纸
片拼接成一个新的多边形（不重叠，无缝隙）．给出以下结论：
①可以拼成等腰直角三角形；②可以拼成对角互补的四边形；③可以拼成五边形；④可以拼成六边形．
16. 一组数据
，
，
，
的方差为
，数据
，
，
，
的方差
其中所有正确结论的序号是．
为 ，标准差为 ．
三、解答题（共8小题；共104分）
17. 在如图所示的方格纸中，每个小方格都是边长为
个单位的正方形，
顶点都在格点上（每个小方格的顶点叫格点）．画出
后的
．
的三个
绕点
逆时针旋转
18. 如图，有两个边长为
的正方形，将其中一个正方形沿对角线剪开成两个全等的等
腰直角三角形，用这三个图形分别在网格备用图的基础上（只要再补画出两个等腰直角三角形即可），分别拼出一个三角形、一个四边形、一个五边形、一个六边形．
19. 如图，三根同样的绳子
、
、
穿过一块木板，姐妹两人分别站在木板
的左、右两侧，每次各自选取本侧的一根绳子，每根绳子被选中的机会相等．
(1) 问：“姐妹两人同时选中同一根绳子”这一事件是事件，概率是 ；
(2) 在互相看不见的条件下，姐姐先将左侧
、
两个绳端打成一个连接，则妹妹从右侧
、
、
三个绳端中随机选两个打一个结（打结后仍能自由地通
篇三：山西省阳泉市2016中考英语二轮精编 阅读理解2
阅读理解
第一部分
(来自2016中考英语模拟)阅读下面短文或图表，并选择正确答案。
The air pollution was so bad in Harbin, in
China, on October 21,2014 that the city had to
close roads and schools, and cancel* hundreds of
flights from its airport.News reports said the
smog (a mixture of smoke and fog) was so thick
that people couldn’t see more than 10 or 20 metres
in front of them.
It is also said that people could not even see the person standing next to them. The city’s website said: “You can’t see your own fingers in front of you.”
The local people said there was a “burning” smell in the air. Many people covered their noses and mouths with scarves or masks*.
The pollution was caused on several factors* including: farmers burning off old corn stalks* and crop stubble*; coal*-fired heating systems; and low winds that allowed the smoke to remain over the city.
The smog had been building up for several days. It became worse when the city turned on the public heating system, which uses coal to heat millions of homes and offices in the city.
Harbin has a population of more than 10 million people. It lies in northeastern China, where cold winter weather can last up to six months. The main fuel* there is coal, because it is cheaper than other types of fuel.
Air pollution from burning coal can cause health problems like heart disease. During the smog crisis* in Harbin, the number of people taken to the hospital with breathing problems was 30% higher than usual.
The city government is trying to reduce its use of coal by adding more insulation* and better roofs and windows to buildings to reduce heating needs. It has also used cleaner fuel for cars and factories.
( ) 33.The roads and schools in Harbin had to be closed on October 21, 2014 because of ____
A. the heavy rainB. the strong wind
C. the serious smog D. the terrible snow
( ) 34.There are many reasons for the air pollution EXCEPT_________.
A. farmers burn off old corn stalks and crop stubble
B. people use coal to heat millions of homes and offices
C. The smoke remains over the citybecause of low winds
D. Many buses and cars use cleaner fuel and so do factories.
( ) 35. What is the government trying to do when the air pollution get worse?
A. To offer cars new fuel.B. To give people more masks.
C. To reduce its use of coal.
D. To ask people to stay at home.
( ) 36.What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. The serious air pollution in China B. Coal-fired heating systems
C. The population crisis in Harbin
D. The reasons for heart disease
参考答案33-36 CDCA
(来自2016中考英语模拟)阅读下面短文或图表，并选择正确答案。
When you are packing for an adventure,what is the most important thing you will need? If you don’t want to get lost,you’ll need a map! Or better a GPS. What about other animals,how do they know where they’re going?
While humans depend on technology to travel, some animals have something far more advanced. Researchers,mainly from Oregon State University, US, found that Chinook salmon(鲑鱼) have a “built-in GPS” of the Earth’s magnetic field（磁场）. This means as soon as they are born they are able to direct themselves in the ocean. It acts like a big map inside their brain. Scientists placed some baby salmon into a big swimming pool. To simulate the Earth’s magnetic
field, they put magnetic coils（线圈） all around the pool. Then, by changing the direction of the coils, the salmon began to change their own direction. They started to face in the direction of their ocean feeding area. This is a
How did Chinook salmon get their “built-in GPS”? The scientistes think that their navigation （导航）skills came through evolution（进化）. The fish that were able to reach the feeding area lived longer. Then they could pass on their navigation skills to their babies. So if you are ever lost and in need of some help, maybe you should ask a salmon to point you in the right direction.
( ) 37. The passage mainly talks about ____.
A. the wide use of the GPS
B. the evolution of the Chinook salmon
C. the research of ocean life
D. Chinook salmon and their built-in GPS
( ) 38. According to paragraph 2,Chinook salmon_____.
A. have their own magnetic field
B. learn directions from their mother
C. can find directions in the ocean
D. have the same navigation skills as humans
( ) 39.The underlined word “simulate ” in paragraph 3 probably means ___.
A 模拟B 学习 C 利用D 改变
( ) 40. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Chinook salmon has more advanced ways to travel.
B. Chinook salmon can find out the direction by using their own “GPS”.
C. Chinook salmon get their “GPS” from their parents.
D. Scientists put a “GPS”into the fish’s body to help find its direction.
参考答案37-40 DCAD
第二部分
（来自2016中考模拟训练）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
After watching my mother deal with our family of five, I
understand why her answer to the question, “What do you do?”,
“Oh, I’m just a housewife.” JUST a housewife? Anyone who can’t is always, spends most of her time in preparing meals, washing and drying clothes, keeping the house clean, playing the part of a taxi driver to us kids when it’s time for school, music lessons or the dentist, doing volunteer work for her favorite charity, and making sure that all our family needs are met is not JUST a housewife. She’ s the real Wonder Woman. Why is it that so many mothers like mine think of themselves as second-class or something similar? Where has this notion(观念) come from? Have we males(男性) made them feel this way? Has our society made “going to work” outside the home seem more important than what a housewife must face each day?
I would be very curious(好奇的) to see what would happen if a housewife stopped working. Dishes would pile up. Food in the house would run out. No meals would appear on the table. There would be no clean clothes when needed. The house would be filled with rubbish. Walking and bus riding would increase. Charities would be in great need of help. I doubt if the man of the house would be able to take over(接手). Oh, he might think that he can do just as good a job, but how long would that last? Not long, once he had to come home each night after work to more household duties. There would be no more coming home to a prepared meal; he’d have to fix it himself. The kids would all be crying for something to eat, clean clothes and more bus fare money. Once he made the kids quiet, he’d have to clean the house, go shopping, make sure that kids got a bath, and fix lunches for the next day. Once the kids were down for the night, he might be able to crawl(爬行) into an unmade bed and try to read the morning newspaper.
No, I don’t think many males are going to volunteer for the job. I know I don’t want it. So, thanks, mom! I’ll do what I can to create a national holiday for housewives. It might be called Wonder Woman Day.
81. How do the children in the writer’s family go to school?
A. They walk or take a taxi. C. They take the school bus. B. Their father sends them to school. D. Their mother drives them to school.
82. If a housewife stopped working, which of the following would not happen?
A. There would be no clean clothes to wear. B. No meals would appear on the table.
C. All the family members would be relaxed. D. The house would be a terrible mess.
83. The writer thinks that housewives’ work is ___________. A. strange B. important C. interestingD. dangerous
84. In the writer’s opinion, ___________. A. a national holiday should be set up for housewives
B. there will be many males volunteering for housewives’ work
C. the man of the house would be able to take over the housewife’s work
D. housewives don’t regard themselves as second-class or something similar 85. The main idea of the passage is about ___________.
A. housewives stopping their workB. housewives, the wonder women
C. men taking the place of women D. a national holiday for housewives
参考答案81. D
（来自2016中考模拟训练）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
There’s always something deep in our soul that never dies. I moved to the small, busy town of Edison in New Jersey six years ago. It was during the second term of my fifth grade. My parents got new jobs and higher income, so they decided it was time to move from Woodbridge to a better, more educational town.
In the US, it is unnecessary to take a test to get into a “good” middle or high school. You just attend the school close to where you live. So, many parents will think about the quality (质量，品质) of the local school when they decide to buy a new house. My parents did the same. We finally chose Edison mainly because of the high quality of its school. In New Jersey, an area with a good school usually means a concentration of Asian people. There are about 300 students in our school. 55% are Asians and just under half of that are Chinese. There are so many Chinese people nearby that we even have our own Chinese school.
Edison is an old town, just like thousands of others in the United States. However, I have treated it as my hometown. That’s where I spend much of my youth, and the memories there can’t be moved 82. C 83. B84. A 85. B