巧解“完形填空”题就是要将挖空留白的阅读材料还原，即忠实于原文，努力恢复本来的“面目”(高手能100%地还原)。其中的“面”就是篇章，其中的“目”就是词汇。万事万物皆有其“道”。解题的过程就是不断寻根问底、追根求源的过程。通过不断地“追问”，我们就能了解作者的思维过程。高考完形填空题命制那么完整、完全和完美，是训练时不可忽视的材料。
完形填空解题三个主要过程为阅读、分析和查找。阅读过程是考生根据阅读材料激活已有知识建构意义的过程。分析过程是把握主旨和细节，还原本来面貌的过程。查找过程是核实信息、准确定形的过程。Score?affected factors (影响得分的因素) are listed as follows：main idea (主旨大意)(read for the main idea)；topic (话题) / theme (主题)；plot(情节) / background (背景) / role (角色)；clue (线索) / relation (关系) / coherence (连贯性)；trunk主干 / detail细节；context (上下文) / repetition (重复)；structures (结构) / phrases (短语)；pictures / images forming (构建画面) and so on. Three procedures are “taste” (skim the passage for the main idea), “swallow” (scan for the specific meaning) and “digest” (careful reading for adjustment).
高考完形填空题具有以下特征：
1．时代性 (参见2011高考山东卷完形填空)：不少中学生就是音乐迷、球迷、影迷、歌迷，你可以想象他们的兴奋劲。阅读的过程就是欣赏和感受快乐的过程。请看以下片段：
I first went to hear a live rock concert when I was eight years old. My brother and his friends were all ? 36 ? of a heavy metal group called Black Wednesday. When they ? 37 ? that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre, they all bought ? 38 ? for performance. However, at the last minute, one of the friends couldn?t go, so my brother ? 39 ? me the ticket. I was really ? 40 ?!
36. A. members
B. friends?
C. fans
D. volunteers
37. A. guessed
B. discovered?
C. thought
D. predicted
38. A. flowers
B. drinks?
C. clothes
D. tickets
39. A. booked
B. offered?
C. returned
D. found
40. A. relaxed
B. embarrassed?
C. excited
D. encouraged
【答案】 CBDBC
2．针对性 (参见2011高考北京卷完形填空)：关注学生情感，关注学生发展。
With my ? 52 ? self?confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from ? 53 ? in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, ? 54 ? raising my hand―even when I sometimes wasn?t and not 100 percent ? 55 ? I had the right answer. Now I have more self?confidence in myself.
52. A. expressed
B. improved?
C. preserved
D. recognized
53. A. dreaming
B. playing?
C. relaxing
D. hiding
54. A. by
B. for?
C. with
D. to
55. A. lucky
B. happy?
C. sure
D. satisfied
【答案】 BDDC
3．指导性 (参见2011高考福建卷完形填空)：类似这样的人生才算精彩。
Diana Velex does everything with maximum ?effort―?and at maximum speed. That ? 36 ? learning a new language, completing two certificates and opening a store.
When arriving in Canada in 2008,she had one ? 37 ?： to have what she had back Home in Colombia. “I didn?t want to ? 38 ? what I do, like so many who come to a new country,” she said. “I ? 39 ? to open a store here in Canada but knew I had to ? 40 ? myself properly.”
Diana quickly realize that making her dream of shop ownership in Canada a ? 41 ? meant going to school to get the ? 42 ? education and certification.” My experience of owning a shop and working as a designer in Colombia gave me ? 43 ? in my abilities. But I couldn?t speak the language and I had to ? 44 ? how to do things in Canada. It was like having to ? 45 ? all over again,” said Diana.
36. A. requires
B. encourages?
C. introduces
D. advises
37. A. goal
B. memory?
C. choice
D. problem
38. A. continue
B. choose?
C. change
D. lose
39. A. demanded
B. decided?
C. agreed
D. hesitated
40. A. teach
B. prepare?
C. enjoy
D. persuade
41. A. reality
B. fact?
C. challenge
D. wonder
42. A. physical
B. private?
C. primary
D. necessary
43. A. pressure
B. judgment?
C. influence
D. confidence
44. A. put away
B. depend on?
C. learn about
D. look into
45. A. advance
B. start?
C. suffer
D. work
【答案】 CACBB ADDCB
4．趣味性 (参见2011高考江西卷完形填空)：家政服务人员不想入睡却偏偏入梦，孩子的语言幽默搞笑。
解题攻略如下：
一、宏观把握
一目数行
在两分钟内迅速浏览，将零散的信息通过线索或主题串联起来，进而了解大意。首尾句必看，并稍加分析，至少记住五、六个有价值的信息。
一触即发
做完形填空时一定要快速反应，以满腔的热情和坚韧的意志迅速地进入文本，解读出关键信息。谁的能力强，谁自信，谁就能把握主动权。
一览众山小
假如吃透了原文的含义，我们就会产生“居高临下”的感觉，从而有利于领略“原文本”的写作风格、特点和篇章结构。如2011陕西卷完形填空 (见下文)，我们浏览后应当了解大意：三个富人努力帮助穷人的三种方法。第一、二两种是解决问题的短期方法，而第三种是解决问题的长期方法。
In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty (贫困), and only the rich could manage without great ? 26 ? (much difficulty). Three of those rich men and their servants were? 27 ? together on a road when they came to a very ? 28 ? village.
26. A. loss
B. expectations?
C. success
D. problems?
没有大问题
27. A. standing
B. travelling?
C. gathering
D. running?
旅游
28. A. faraway
B. poor?
C. different
D. ancient?
三人扶贫济困 (上文提示)
The first could not stand seeing the poverty, ? 29 ? he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons (四轮载重马车) and shared ? 30 ? out among the villagers. He wished them all the best of luck, and he left.
29. A. unless
B. because?
C. so
D. if?
表因果关系
30. A. them
B. anything?
C. nothing
D. those?
指代上文金银和珠宝
The second rich man, seeing the ? 31 ? situation, stopped for a short time and gave ? 32 ? all his food and drink, since he ? 33 ? see that money would be of little ? 34 ? to them. He made sure that they each ? 35 ? their fair share and would have enough food to ? 36 ? for some time. Then he left.
31. A. curious
B. worrying?
C. dangerous
D. puzzling?
令人堪忧的 (局面)
32. A. the villagers
B. his servants?
C. the others
D. the rest?
村民们
33. A. could
B. might?
C. should
D. must?
能够看出 (具有能力)
34. A. interest
B. concern?
C. use
D. attraction?
用途
35. A. returned
B. gained?
C. offered
D. received?
获得
36. A. remain
B. last?
C. supply
D. share?
继续维持
The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, ? 37 ? and went straight through the? 38 ? without stopping. The two other rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other ? 39 ? the third rich man lacked sympathy. It was ? 40 ? that they themselves had been there to offer help.
37. A. turned back
B. set out?
C. showed off
D. speeded?
加速赶路
38. A. village
B. land?
C. field
D. road?
穿过村庄
39. A. whether
B. how?
C. where
D. when?
议论如何……
40. A. good
B. certain?
C. true
D. strange?
好
However, three days later, they ? 41 ? the third rich man, who was coming in the opposite direction. He was ? 42 ? travelling quickly, but his wagons, ? 43 ? the gold and valuables they had been ? 44 ?, were now full of farming tools and bags of ? 45 ?. He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.
41. A. welcomed
B. met?
C. accepted
D. persuaded?
碰到
42. A. still
B. already?
C. always
D. indeed?
仍然 (照应篇首)
43. A. except
B. instead of?
C. apart from
D. along with?
取而代之
44. A. loading
B. treasuring?
C. carrying
D. earning?
携带
45. A. food
C. jewels?
C. money
D. seeds?
农耕所需要的种子
【答案】 DBBCA BAACD BDABA BABCD
二、微观审视
完形填空其实是“意义”填空。要学会顺水推舟，学会顺着作者的思路去理解、去体会、去还原。请研读以下短文，看看哪些答案依据上下文是明示? 哪些是提示? 哪些是暗示?参见2011全国II卷完形填空 (见下文)。做题时尽量按照以下四字词语来进行。
1．一心一意
做题时一定要心无杂念，不可庸人自扰。如下文是围绕主题“疲劳后瞌睡”而一一展开。
2．一丝不苟
做完形填空时把握好细节十分重要，能帮助我们更好地理解文意。在下文中，一幅又一幅打瞌睡的画面跃入眼前：乘客乘车、学生演讲大厅、司机疲劳驾驶。
3．一着不让
由“已知”推出“未知”，需要仔细阅读和研究，要能说服自己。知识的匮乏、能力的薄弱有可能使得个别学生误入歧途，一步错，步步错。
4．一气呵成
做题的过程一定是持续思维的过程，切不可中途懈怠，或半途而废。
5．一箭双雕
练习的过程其实也是接触语言，学会鉴赏，学会评价，获取知识和技能、积累经验、丰富阅历的过程。机不可失。
There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train， on the ? 21 ? home from work in the evenings. A man will be ? 22 ? the newspaper, and seconds later it ? 23 ? as if he is trying to ? 24 ? it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger ? 25 ? next to him.
21. A. way
B. track ?
C. path
D. road
22. A. buying
B. folding ?
C. delivering
D. reading
23. A. acts
B. shows ?
C. appears
D. sounds
24. A. open
B. eat ?
C. find
D. finish
25. A. lying
B. waiting ?
C. talking
D. sitting
? 26 ? place where unplanned short sleep ? 27 ? is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring (打鼾) so ? 28 ? that the professor has to ask another student to ? 29 ? the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts ? ?
（下转第56页)