篇一：2008年高考英语试题及参考答案(上海卷)
tweenB. alongC. below D. with26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was A. three hour B. a three-hours
C. a three-hourD. three hours
27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on A. themselves B. them
C. usD. ourselves
28. Every few years, the coal workers. their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having B. have
C. have had D. had had
29. - Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. mustB. mustn't
C. should D. shouldn't
30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market.
A. longer thanB. more than
C. as much asD. as far as
will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored B. has been restored
C. is restoring D. is being restored 32. A. findB. found
C. to find D. finding
33. Lucy has a great sense of with her stories.
A. amusedB. amusing
C. to amuse D. to be amused
you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
36. One reason for her preference for city life is A. that B. how C. what D. why
37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know
A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering
38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
39. our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.
A. UntilB. Unless C IfD. After
40. Thai is the only way we can imagine
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word
can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higherconcentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ___41 .
Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater. Maryland, said that the increase ha the rate of growth was unexpected and might be to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant in atmospheric CO2,he said.
"We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them," Dr Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in
the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.
Dr Parker and his colleagues have out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) tons of wood each year.
were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases
marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, Opera underwent such a process.
When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webbersome of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.
When you revise, you change aspects of your work in to your evolving purpose, or to includeideas or newly discovered information.
, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that followswork in this way can give you new ideas.
all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea orthroughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the that is, facts, opinions,
inferences -- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many details that may confuse readers?
50. A. technique B. style C. processD. career
51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words
52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejectedD. replaced
53. A. rewroteB. released C. recorded D. reserved
54. A. additionB. response C. opposition D. contrast
55. A. fixed B. ambitiousC. familiar D. fresh
56. A. However B. MoreoverC. Instead D. Therefore
57. A. discuss B. switchC. exhaust D. cover
58. A. draftingB. rearranging C. performingD. training
59. A. directorB. master C. audience D. visitor
60. A. personalB. valuable C. basic D. delicate
61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing
62. A. amazingB. bright C. uniqueD. clear
63. A. angles B. evidenceC. information D. hints
64. A. unnecessary B. uninterestingC. concrete D. final
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety. That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.
Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.
Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.
But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man." And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.
The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!
65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .
A. get long lasting excitement B. keep both man and elephants safe
C. send them back to the jungle D. make the angry elephants tame
66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, .
A. she spent her time hunting with her father
B. she learned how to sing love songs
C. she had already been called an elephant princess
D. she was taught how to hunt tigers
67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.
A. they are caught and sent for heavy work
B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them
C. they are attacked and their land gets limited
D. dogs often bark at them and chase them
68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________.
A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacks
B. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse
C. elephant tamers are in short supply
D. dogs are as powerful as elephants
(B)
The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.
Trevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, "Employee turnover (人事变更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion", Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees' job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees' job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.
A. the way of preventing employee turnover
B. methods of improving employee performance
C. factors affecting employee turnover and performance
D. pay structures based on employee performance
.
A. the data analysis is hardly reliable B. the research sample is not wide enough
C. the findings are of no practical value D. the research method is out-of-date
71. Who might be most interested in this piece of information?
A. Job hunters.
B. Employees in blue-chip companies.
C. Mid-level managers.
D. Researchers on employee turnover.
(C)
The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.
After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.
Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.
"The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space
physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.
At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.
Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.
The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.
Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said.
72. The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers toduring the 2012 Olympics.
A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch
B. the collapse of broadcasting systems
C. the transportation breakdown in London
D. the destruction of weather satellites
73. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?
A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.
B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.
C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.
D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.
A. take images of the solar systemB. provide early warning of thunderstorms
C. keep track of solar activitiesD. improve the communications on Earth
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer
B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger
C. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race
D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled
答案
篇二：2008上海英语高考答案、详解、听力原文
lass="txt">2008上海高考答案1-5 CCDAA6-10 BBDAC
11-13 DBA 14-16 ABC
17. India 18. Sweater
19.50 20. Ordinary
21. outstanding 22. leave their countries
23. 17 million24. career and family
25-29 BCBDD 30-34 BABAA35-40 BDDCCA
41-45 JACIE 46-49 DBGF
50-54 BDABC 55-59 ADCAB60-64 BACDC
65-67 ACD 68-71 AADC72-75 CCBA 76-79 DAAD 80-84 EFCBA
I．翻译 共20分
1. It is time for us to play basketball.
2. He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.
3. Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening?
4. Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points.
5. Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind.
6. Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty as long as we don't lose heart.
2008上海高考详解
25. B. 此题考查短语congratulate sb. on/ upon sth./ doing sth.意思是“为某事向某人祝贺”，所以，选择介词on。
26. C. 此题考查代词none, neither, either, all 的用法，根据上句知道是两者之间进行选择，而且从后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二人的意思是“两者中哪一个都可以”，所以选择either，而其他三项不合题意。
e.g.—There’s coffee and tea: you can have________.
—Thanks.
A. either B. eachC. one D it
either 指两者之中的任何一个，与句中的coffee and tea相对应，所以选择either,而each是“每一个”，one 是“一个”，it 是“它”，都不合题意。
27. B．此题考查比较级的用法。根据句意知“在我看来，伦敦的…从价格上看不如东京的贵，但是，从通上看，东京比伦敦更…”，本句后面实际上是省略了than Tokyo,所以二者进行比较，只能选择答案B。在表示否定的同级比较时，常用本句前面出现“not so/as …as”结构，意为“前者不如后者”。
e.g. He spoke English well indeed, but of course not______ a native speaker.
A．as fluent as B．more fluent than C．so fluently as D．much fluently than (2004 上海，第32题)
答案：C．本句后半部分也是个省略句。
28. D．此题是情境交际题，考查学生对英语在语境中进行应用的能力。从第二个人先问“Terry?”后感叹“never”的语气中,我们可以得知Terry是不喜欢go camping的，所以答案是hates,用一般现在时态表示Terry惯常的喜好。
29. D．此题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意“按照空中交通规则，你应当在登机前关掉你的手机”，所以只有should(应该，应当)符合题意。
30. B．此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句中的空格处动词与主语my sister构成主动关系，即try这个动作是my sister发出的，所以用trying表示她主动“设法/尝试着保持自行车平衡”。
31. A．此题考查while的用法，while可以作“当?的时候，趁着?”讲，符合题意“趁着这些女孩年轻，我想让她们去体验一次”；而until是“直到?才”；if是“如果，是否”；before是“从前，在?之前”的意思，都不合题意。
32. B．此题考查动词时态和语态的用法。从句中in recent years知道，此题要用现在完成时态，又因为clubs 和run的关系是被动的，所以只能选择B项。
33. A．此题考查不定式的用法。根据句意“如果还有一些工作要做，我乐意坚持着直到做完”，可以知道这些工作是“要被做”，所以要用不定式的to do形式表示将要做的事情，而且，在there be 的这个句型中，如果be 后面的sth.要跟上不定式，要用主动形式表示被动，所以选择A项，而不选择其他。又如“If there is something to do, I will do it immediately.”
34. A. 此题考查宾语从句的用法。在本句中，what引导了一个宾语从句，其中what 既作about的宾语，又在宾语从句中作do和think的宾语；而that在宾语从句中不作成分，故选择what.
e.g. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_______ he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that (2002，上海春招，第38题)
答案：A. what在宾语从句中作want的宾语。
35. B．考查动名词作主语的用法。句中的Something as simple as drinking some cold water
共同作主语，谓语是clear和relieve。不定式虽然也可以作主语，但在此题中有as?as结构，所以要选择和something较一致的动名词而不是不定式。答案是B项。
36. D．此题考查that引导的主语从句的用法。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是eating vegetables in ?life,所以要that引导这个主语从句，而that不作任何成分，也没有意义，故答案是D项。
e.g. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What B. That C. This D. Which (2002,上海春招，第33题)
答案是B。that引导了一个主语从句That fashion differs from country to country。
37. D．此题考查分词短语作状语的用法。be located是固定短语，意思是“坐落于/位于?”，在前半句作为整个句子的状语，表示主语的状态，locate的逻辑主语是后面句子的主语，即the New York Park hotel 所以排除了A项，此处不表示正在进行，所以排除了B和C项。过去分词作状语是高考中常考的语言点，又如：
e.g. ________ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding
答案：C。Harvard 和found之间构成被动关系，须用过去分词短语作状语。
38. C．此题考查定语从句的用法。Period后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语，要用when,而此题中没有when,所以要选择in which相当于in the period,表示时间，作句中的状语。which要在定语从句中作主语或宾语，而此处的“介词+which”中要选择介词in,而不选择with.
定语从句中“介词+which”中介词的选择，一要看先行词，二要看与定语从句谓语动词的搭配，三要看句意。又如：
e.g. The English play ________my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
答案：C。考查动词与介词的搭配，act in the English play。
39. C．考查倒装句型的用法。当so/such?that结构中的so/such位于句首时，句子谓语要部分倒装。所以本题答案为C项，又如：So frightened was she in the earthquake that she didn’t dare to move.
40. A. 此题考查however的用法。However等于no matter how,但no matter不能单独用。句中的well是副词，所以用however,而不用whatever。
e.g. ________ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.
A. HowB. Whatever C. However D. No matter
答案：C。however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词，how不能单独引导让步状语从句。
再如：
You should try to get a good night’s sleep _______ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. wherever 答案：A。
Section B:
41. J. 根据第一段的意思“Frederick Douglass是美国在结束奴隶制度的战斗中逃跑出去的一个奴隶，他在美国内战以前的岁月里是起到了先声作用的人物”，所以，要选择leading。
42. A. honour此处是“带来荣誉，为纪念?”的意思。
43. C. 根据上下文意思，Frederick Douglass在Cedar Hill的家当然就成了“historic:有历史意义的”site，所以选择historic。
44. I．根据前后文意思，知道“这盛有Frederick Douglass个人财产的两层楼的房子，经过了三年的重新修缮后才向世人开放”，所以，选择I。
45. E. 根据上下文意思，Frederick Douglass成为第一个拥有政府办公室的黑人“市民”，所以选择citizen。
46. D．当Frederick Douglass年轻的时候，他从来没有能够去学校接受教育，因为当时在美国南部黑人受教育是不合法的，所以，他只能“秘密地自学”，故选择secretly。
47. B．set up为固定短语，意思是“建立、建造、设立”。
48. G．根据前后文的语境，此处应填route, on the route是“在这一路线上，它成了最重要的站点”。
49. F．grant right是“授权”的意思。
阅读理解：
Section A:
人们一般认为孩子要进行运动，因为运动是有趣的，而且可以使孩子保持身体健康。然而，对孩子来说，进行体育运动也有消极的作用。
50. B．根据句中的however可知此处是表示了语意的转折，那么就要选择一个表示否定、消极的意义的词，所以选择negative。restrictive是“受约束的，限制的”，active是“积极的”，instructive是“有教育意义的”，都不合题意。
51. D．此处的shout at和后面的call names构成并列关系，容易选出。
52. A．根据句意“这会给孩子留下不好的印象”，leave impression是“留下印象”的意思。
53. B．根据句意知“很多研究人员认为，成年人，尤其是父母和教练，是在孩子的运动出现很多攻击/侵略行为的起因”，导致某事发生的原因用cause,其他三项意思不合句意。
54. C．根据上下文可知，“他们认为孩子在模仿/复制成年人的行为”，故选择copy。
55. A．据上下文知道，大人们经常是有意无意地把这样的信息传达给孩子，那就是“在运动中取胜就是一切”，所以，选择winning。
56. D．在运动中对其他的选手，即对手当然是insults(辱骂/侮辱的言行)。
57. C．大人们常因为自己的孩子在运动中表现出进攻性、侵略性动作时就为之欢呼、加油。
58. A．同样，孩子们甚至被教导到伤害对手是可以被接受的，所以选择acceptable, impolite是“不礼貌的”，possible是“可能的”，accessible是“易接近的”，均不合题意。
59. B．这里是又说到了另外的一个方面，即media的作用，所以，此处要填in addition。
60. B．此处考查短语意思辨析。face up to是“面对，直面”的意思，符合句意。look up to是“尊重”的意思，make up for是“弥补，补偿”的意思，come up with是“提出，提供，赶上”的意思，都不合句意。
61. A．此处填in particular表示“尤其”，强调尤其是父母或教练应当给孩子们树立起好的榜样。in all是“总共”，in return是“作为报答，作为回报”,in advance是“提前”的意思，都不合此处意思。
62. C．根据句意，“父母或教练应该教给孩子更好的价值观”，而不是“技术、手段、方向”。
63. D．enjoy oneself 是固定搭配，意为“过得愉快”，其他三项意思不符。
64. C．根据句意“如果大人们告诉孩子受伤了也要继续进行运动，他们就给了孩子这样的信息，即：生命健康不如获胜重要”，所以此处要选择health，而不是body(身体)，fame(名誉)，spirit(精神)。
Section B:
(A)篇
你如果有问题，可以问Laskas，她会给你想要的解答。是关于困惑于孩子问题的父母向专家请教的阅读文章，列举了一个父亲和一个母亲的问题，Laskas给了他们回答。
65. A．细节理解题。根据这个父亲的陈述，“这个学校的学生不允许在操场上踢足球是因为学校怕他们可能会受伤”，从第一句话的“for fear that a child might be hurt”可得答案。
66. C．细节推理题。根据这个母亲的陈述，困扰她的是“她的十几岁的女儿每天在镜子前化妆一个小时”，所以，选择C项。
67. D．段落大意题。根据最后一段，概括出解决这个母亲问题的方法就是“让她的女儿自己感觉到自然状态的她是最美的，而不是靠化妆才美丽的”。
(B)篇
讲述了Zoe Chambers这个曾经作为PR consultant的成功人士——生活得很好，有一份体面、重要的工作，拥有一套漂亮的公寓，过着繁忙、紧张的伦敦社会生活，突然有一天被炒了鱿鱼，从一度的苦闷、彷徨到最后在朋友农场里重新快乐生活的故事。
68. A．细节推理题。她过去一直以为自己作为咨询师的时候，过得是一种“令人满意的、令人羡慕的”生活，而不是“费力的、无意义的、无聊的”，所以选择A项。
69. A．细节推理题。她去了朋友农场的最重要原因就是因为她被炒了鱿鱼，失业了，才想到去农场，故答案是A项，其他三项不是她去农场的最重要原因。
70. D．细节推理题。按照这篇文章的意思，她感觉农村生活是什么样的呢？A项是“劳累的、麻烦的”，B项是“浪漫的、和平的”，C项是“精神上疲惫的而又是健康的”，这三项都不是她的感受，她后来的感受是D项“体力上是劳累的但又是值得做的”，故D项就是答案。
71. C.主旨大意题。概括本文的大意，那么可以得出答案：“有时候，一个不幸可能会带来好运和幸福”，即C项。而A项是“患难之友才是真正之友”，B项是“有志者事竟成”,D项是“一石二鸟”，都不是本文所要阐发的道理。
(C)篇
本文是关于英国的一个研究机构NatWest的一份调查，该机构对青少年和钱的问题进行了5年的研究，该项目的一系列研究表明：大部分的青少年对钱的问题认识不深，他们大多错误估计了未来赚钱的前景，对他们以后可能要负担的债务也没有认识到。
72. C．细节推理题。从第一句话“most of them are ignorant when it comes to money”可以得出答案,“青少年倾向于过高估计了他们未来赚钱的前景”而没有意识到他们会在未来面临的各种债务。
73. C.词义猜测题。根据上下文的意思，推测“raise the ceiling”的意思，很显然，不是A项“增加学生的贷款”，不是B项“改善学校的设施”，也不是D项“增高学校建筑的屋顶”，他们都不是第二段里提到的意思，那么就只能选择C项“提供学费的上限”。
74. B．细节归纳题。根据第四段里Stephen Moir说的话，来归纳出他的观点，就是“学生们应该学会更好地理财”。
75. A．主旨大意题。阅览本文后，概括出大意，得A项为答案，即“很多英国的青少年没有很好地认识钱的问题”。B项是“英国的青少年有很沉重的债务负担”，C项是“财政计划是大学里的必修课”，D项“年轻人应该对成年人负责”都偏离了文章大意，所以不选。
(D)篇
世界的经济如今已经遇到困难。尽管近年来有很多警告，我们需要警惕在贫穷国家里可能会有饥荒、以及世界范围内的能源危机，然而世界各国的领导人还是没有能够提早考虑这些问题。结果就是现在全球范围的食品危机。
76. D．细节理解题。此题可以从第二段的第二句话“to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity”里得到答案。
77. A.段落大意题。文章的第三段里说了第二个步骤，那么作者要表达的意思就是A项，“将粮食转化成汽油是不明智的”，第三段的第一句话中的“abandon”、“paying partly for the change of food into biofuels”也提示了答案。
78. A．细节推理题。根据文章意思知A项是正确的，“修建一个蓄雨水的水池是一个很简单的对付干季的措施”。而B项“一个气候适应基金已经建立起来，来帮助贫穷地区”是不对的，C项“整个世界对建立农场的池塘已经作出了郑重的承诺”没有提到，D项说“我们是否发展食品生产是没有什么多大区别的”很显然是错误的。
79. D．深层理解题。通过阅读文章，我们可以获悉作者的用意是来号召“我们立刻行动起来，来缓解全球的食物短缺”，所以D项为正确答案。
Section C:
80. E.从第一句的“causes”和第二句的“factors”可以推测知本段的大意是讲述“什么因素导致了饮食健康的失调”，所以选择E项。
81. F．从第二段大意知道，本段主要是说“一个人在日常生活中怎么会发展成饮食失调的”，所以答案就是F。
82. C．从第一句“一旦一个人患了饮食健康失调，就不容易治愈”知这段就是讲“在治疗饮食失调时的困难”的，所以选择C项。
83. B.本段的中心句是“Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image.”因此，本题答案就是B。
84. A．通过阅读本段，可以归纳得出答案“要保持一个平衡的饮食”。
第II卷
1. It’s time for us to play basketball. 主要考查It’s time for sb. to do sth.句型，此题很容易写出答案。
篇三：2008年高考英语试题及参考答案(上海卷)
语法与词汇：
Section A：
25. B. 此题考查短语congratulate sb. on/ upon sth./ doing sth.意思是“为某事向某人祝贺”，所以，选择介词on。
26. C. 此题考查代词none, neither, either, all 的用法，根据上句知道是两者之间进行选择，而且从后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二人的意思是“两者中哪一个都可以”，所以选择either，而其他三项不合题意。
e.g. —There’s coffee and tea: you can have________.
—Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one D it (NMET 2003,第32题)
either 指两者之中的任何一个，与句中的coffee and tea相对应，所以选择either,而each是“每一个”，one 是“一个”，it 是“它”，都不合题意。
27. B．此题考查比较级的用法。根据句意知“在我看来，伦敦的?从价格上看不如东京的贵，但是，从通上看，东京比伦敦更?”，本句后面实际上是省略了than Tokyo,所以二者进行比较，只能选择答案B。在表示否定的同级比较时，常用本句前面出现“not so/as ?as”结构，意为“前者不如后者”。
e.g. He spoke English well indeed, but of course not______ a native speaker.
A．as fluent as B．more fluent than C．so fluently as D．much fluently than (2004 上海，第32题)
答案：C．本句后半部分也是个省略句。
28. D．此题是情境交际题，考查学生对英语在语境中进行应用的能力。从第二个人先问“Terry?”后感叹“never”的语气中,我们可以得知Terry是不喜欢go camping的，所以答案是hates,用一般现在时态表示Terry惯常的喜好。
29. D．此题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意“按照空中交通规则，你应当在登机前关掉你的手机”，所以只有should(应该，应当)符合题意。
30. B．此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句中的空格处动词与主语my sister构成主动关系，即try这个动作是my sister发出的，所以用trying表示她主动“设法/尝试着保持自行车平衡”。
31. A．此题考查while的用法，while可以作“当?的时候，趁着?”讲，符合题意“趁着这些女孩年轻，我想让她们去体验一次”；而until是“直到?才”；if是“如果，是否”；before是“从前，在?之前”的意思，都不合题意。
32. B．此题考查动词时态和语态的用法。从句中in recent years知道，此题要用现在完成时态，又因为clubs 和run的关系是被动的，所以只能选择B项。
33. A．此题考查不定式的用法。根据句意“如果还有一些工作要做，我乐意坚持着直到做完”，可以知道这些工作是“要被做”，所以要用不定式的to do形式表示将要做的事情，而且，在there be 的这个句型中，如果be 后面的sth.要跟上不定式，要用主动形式表示被动，所以选择A项，而不选择其他。又如“If there is something to do, I will do it immediately.”
34. A. 此题考查宾语从句的用法。在本句中，what引导了一个宾语从句，其中what 既作about的宾语，又在宾语从句中作do和think的宾语；而that在宾语从句中不作成分，故选择what.
e.g. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_______ he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that (2002，上海春招，第38题)
答案：A. what在宾语从句中作want的宾语。
35. B．考查动名词作主语的用法。句中的Something as simple as drinking some cold water共同作主语，谓语是clear和relieve。不定式虽然也可以作主语，但在此题中有as?as结构，所以要选择和something较一致的动名词而不是不定式。答案是B项。
36. D．此题考查that引导的主语从句的用法。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是eating vegetables in ?life,所以要that引导这个主语从句，而that不作任何成分，也没有意义，故答案是D项。
e.g. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What B. That C. This D. Which (2002,上海春招，第33题)
答案是B。that引导了一个主语从句That fashion differs from country to country。
37. D．此题考查分词短语作状语的用法。be located是固定短语，意思是“坐落于/位于?”，在前半句作为整个句子的状语，表示主语的状态，locate的逻辑主语是后面句子的主语，即the New York Park hotel 所以排除了A项，此处不表示正在进行，所以排除了B和C项。过去分词作状语是高考中常考的语言点，又如：
e.g. ________ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding(2002,上海，第37题) 答案：C。Harvard 和found之间构成被动关系，须用过去分词短语作状语。
38. C．此题考查定语从句的用法。Period后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语，要用when,而此题中没有when,所以要选择in which相当于in the period,表示时间，作句中的状语。which要在定语从句中作主语或宾语，而此处的“介词+which”中要选择介词in,而不选择with. 定语从句中“介词+which”中介词的选择，一要看先行词，二要看与定语从句谓语动词的搭配，三要看句意。又如：
e.g. The English play ________my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which (NMET 2004,第23题)
答案：C。考查动词与介词的搭配，act in the English play。
39. C．考查倒装句型的用法。当so/such?that结构中的so/such位于句首时，句子谓语要部分倒装。所以本题答案为C项，又如：So frightened was she in the earthquake that she didn’t dare to move.
40. A. 此题考查however的用法。However等于no matter how,但no matter不能单独用。句中的well是副词，所以用however,而不用whatever。
e.g. ________ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.
A. HowB. Whatever C. However D. No matter (1996,上海，第26题)
答案：C。however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词，how不能单独引导让步状语从句。
再如：
You should try to get a good night’s sleep _______ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. wherever(2004,湖北，第27题)
答案：A。
Section B:
41. J. 根据第一段的意思“Frederick Douglass是美国在结束奴隶制度的战斗中逃跑出去的一个奴隶，他在美国内战以前的岁月里是起到了先声作用的人物”，所以，要选择leading。
42. A. honour此处是“带来荣誉，为纪念?”的意思。
43. C. 根据上下文意思，Frederick Douglass在Cedar Hill的家当然就成了“historic:有历史意
义的”site，所以选择historic。
44. I．根据前后文意思，知道“这盛有Frederick Douglass个人财产的两层楼的房子，经过了三年的重新修缮后才向世人开放”，所以，选择I。
45. E. 根据上下文意思，Frederick Douglass成为第一个拥有政府办公室的黑人“市民”，所以选择citizen。
46. D．当Frederick Douglass年轻的时候，他从来没有能够去学校接受教育，因为当时在美国南部黑人受教育是不合法的，所以，他只能“秘密地自学”，故选择secretly。
47. B．set up为固定短语，意思是“建立、建造、设立”。
48. G．根据前后文的语境，此处应填route, on the route是“在这一路线上，它成了最重要的站点”。
49. F．grant right是“授权”的意思。
阅读理解：
Section A:
人们一般认为孩子要进行运动，因为运动是有趣的，而且可以使孩子保持身体健康。然而，对孩子来说，进行体育运动也有消极的作用。
50. B．根据句中的however可知此处是表示了语意的转折，那么就要选择一个表示否定、消极的意义的词，所以选择negative。restrictive是“受约束的，限制的”，active是“积极的”，instructive是“有教育意义的”，都不合题意。
51. D．此处的shout at和后面的call names构成并列关系，容易选出。
52. A．根据句意“这会给孩子留下不好的印象”，leave impression是“留下印象”的意思。
53. B．根据句意知“很多研究人员认为，成年人，尤其是父母和教练，是在孩子的运动出现很多攻击/侵略行为的起因”，导致某事发生的原因用cause,其他三项意思不合句意。
54. C．根据上下文可知，“他们认为孩子在模仿/复制成年人的行为”，故选择copy。
55. A．据上下文知道，大人们经常是有意无意地把这样的信息传达给孩子，那就是“在运动中取胜就是一切”，所以，选择winning。
56. D．在运动中对其他的选手，即对手当然是insults(辱骂/侮辱的言行)。
57. C．大人们常因为自己的孩子在运动中表现出进攻性、侵略性动作时就为之欢呼、加油。
58. A．同样，孩子们甚至被教导到伤害对手是可以被接受的，所以选择acceptable, impolite是“不礼貌的”，possible是“可能的”，accessible是“易接近的”，均不合题意。
59. B．这里是又说到了另外的一个方面，即media的作用，所以，此处要填in addition。
60. B．此处考查短语意思辨析。face up to是“面对，直面”的意思，符合句意。look up to是“尊重”的意思，make up for是“弥补，补偿”的意思，come up with是“提出，提供，赶上”的意思，都不合句意。
61. A．此处填in particular表示“尤其”，强调尤其是父母或教练应当给孩子们树立起好的榜样。in all是“总共”，in return是“作为报答，作为回报”,in advance是“提前”的意思，都不合此处意思。
62. C．根据句意，“父母或教练应该教给孩子更好的价值观”，而不是“技术、手段、方向”。
63. D．enjoy oneself 是固定搭配，意为“过得愉快”，其他三项意思不符。
64. C．根据句意“如果大人们告诉孩子受伤了也要继续进行运动，他们就给了孩子这样的信息，即：生命健康不如获胜重要”，所以此处要选择health，而不是body(身体)，fame(名誉)，spirit(精神)。
Section B:
(A)篇
你如果有问题，可以问Laskas，她会给你想要的解答。是关于困惑于孩子问题的父母向专家
请教的阅读文章，列举了一个父亲和一个母亲的问题，Laskas给了他们回答。
65. A．细节理解题。根据这个父亲的陈述，“这个学校的学生不允许在操场上踢足球是因为学校怕他们可能会受伤”，从第一句话的“for fear that a child might be hurt”可得答案。
66. C．细节推理题。根据这个母亲的陈述，困扰她的是“她的十几岁的女儿每天在镜子前化妆一个小时”，所以，选择C项。
67. D．段落大意题。根据最后一段，概括出解决这个母亲问题的方法就是“让她的女儿自己感觉到自然状态的她是最美的，而不是靠化妆才美丽的”。
(B)篇
讲述了Zoe Chambers这个曾经作为PR consultant的成功人士——生活得很好，有一份体面、重要的工作，拥有一套漂亮的公寓，过着繁忙、紧张的伦敦社会生活，突然有一天被炒了鱿鱼，从一度的苦闷、彷徨到最后在朋友农场里重新快乐生活的故事。
68. A．细节推理题。她过去一直以为自己作为咨询师的时候，过得是一种“令人满意的、令人羡慕的”生活，而不是“费力的、无意义的、无聊的”，所以选择A项。
69. A．细节推理题。她去了朋友农场的最重要原因就是因为她被炒了鱿鱼，失业了，才想到去农场，故答案是A项，其他三项不是她去农场的最重要原因。
70. D．细节推理题。按照这篇文章的意思，她感觉农村生活是什么样的呢？A项是“劳累的、麻烦的”，B项是“浪漫的、和平的”，C项是“精神上疲惫的而又是健康的”，这三项都不是她的感受，她后来的感受是D项“体力上是劳累的但又是值得做的”，故D项就是答案。
71. C.主旨大意题。概括本文的大意，那么可以得出答案：“有时候，一个不幸可能会带来好运和幸福”，即C项。而A项是“患难之友才是真正之友”，B项是“有志者事竟成”,D项是“一石二鸟”，都不是本文所要阐发的道理。
(C)篇
本文是关于英国的一个研究机构NatWest的一份调查，该机构对青少年和钱的问题进行了5年的研究，该项目的一系列研究表明：大部分的青少年对钱的问题认识不深，他们大多错误估计了未来赚钱的前景，对他们以后可能要负担的债务也没有认识到。
72. C．细节推理题。从第一句话“most of them are ignorant when it comes to money”可以得(转载自：www.dXf5.cOm 东星资源网:2008高考英语上海卷)出答案,“青少年倾向于过高估计了他们未来赚钱的前景”而没有意识到他们会在未来面临的各种债务。
73. C.词义猜测题。根据上下文的意思，推测“raise the ceiling”的意思，很显然，不是A项“增加学生的贷款”，不是B项“改善学校的设施”，也不是D项“增高学校建筑的屋顶”，他们都不是第二段里提到的意思，那么就只能选择C项“提供学费的上限”。
74. B．细节归纳题。根据第四段里Stephen Moir说的话，来归纳出他的观点，就是“学生们应该学会更好地理财”。
75. A．主旨大意题。阅览本文后，概括出大意，得A项为答案，即“很多英国的青少年没有很好地认识钱的问题”。B项是“英国的青少年有很沉重的债务负担”，C项是“财政计划是大学里的必修课”，D项“年轻人应该对成年人负责”都偏离了文章大意，所以不选。
(D)篇
世界的经济如今已经遇到困难。尽管近年来有很多警告，我们需要警惕在贫穷国家里可能会有饥荒、以及世界范围内的能源危机，然而世界各国的领导人还是没有能够提早考虑这些问题。结果就是现在全球范围的食品危机。
76. D．细节理解题。此题可以从第二段的第二句话“to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity”里得到答案。
77. A.段落大意题。文章的第三段里说了第二个步骤，那么作者要表达的意思就是A项，“将粮食转化成汽油是不明智的”，第三段的第一句话中的“abandon”、“paying partly for the
change of food into biofuels”也提示了答案。
78. A．细节推理题。根据文章意思知A项是正确的，“修建一个蓄雨水的水池是一个很简单的对付干季的措施”。而B项“一个气候适应基金已经建立起来，来帮助贫穷地区”是不对的，C项“整个世界对建立农场的池塘已经作出了郑重的承诺”没有提到，D项说“我们是否发展食品生产是没有什么多大区别的”很显然是错误的。
79. D．深层理解题。通过阅读文章，我们可以获悉作者的用意是来号召“我们立刻行动起来，来缓解全球的食物短缺”，所以D项为正确答案。
Section C:
80. E.从第一句的“causes”和第二句的“factors”可以推测知本段的大意是讲述“什么因素导致了饮食健康的失调”，所以选择E项。
81. F．从第二段大意知道，本段主要是说“一个人在日常生活中怎么会发展成饮食失调的”，所以答案就是F。
82. C．从第一句“一旦一个人患了饮食健康失调，就不容易治愈”知这段就是讲“在治疗饮食失调时的困难”的，所以选择C项。
83. B.本段的中心句是“Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image.”因此，本题答案就是B。
84. A．通过阅读本段，可以归纳得出答案“要保持一个平衡的饮食”。
第II卷
I. 翻译题。
1. It’s time for us to play basketball. 主要考查It’s time for sb. to do sth.句型，此题很容易写出答案。
2. He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.此题主要查看manage to do，和in time的用法，另外还要注意时态。
3. Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 因为possible的主语不能是人，所以，常用it作为形式主语完成整个句子，不定式作为真正主语。
4. Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 此题中没有主语，所以可用被动语态完成句子，encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外，此题还考查短语according to（按照）和strong points(长处，特长)。
5. Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 此题考查动名词作状语、定语从句以及find的用法，being 此处表示原因,products后面用一个定语从句修饰，find oneself done表示“发现自己被?”,left behind是“被落在后面了”，即“落伍了”。
6. Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don’t lose heart. 此题主要查看although引导的让步状语从句用法，后面一定不要出现but，还考查as long as（只要）以及lose heart（灰心）的用法，注意不要写成lose one’s heart。
II．写作题
根据下面的汉语提示，写一篇120-150字的英语作文。
主要内容要求括：
你班将组队参加学校的集体舞比赛（group dancing competition），班长希望大家积极参与，对此谈谈你的想法。因此，你的作文要包括“你是否会参加比赛”、“你做出该决定的具体理由”。
要写好作文，第一要审清题目，按照要求，写出简单的写作提纲，比如开头、结尾如何写，