Abstract. The third sector to mobilize social resources, the provision of public services, the function of social coordination and governance, policy advocacy and influence, China"s third sector is faced with both opportunities for development, is also facing many problems and challenges, such as the ability of the third sector itself. the lack of overall quality is not high, as well as understanding the limitations and constraints of rapid development needs of all sectors of society and vigorously support, to be a clear position on the relevant laws and regulations, ideas, to solve the bottleneck in the development.
Key words： The third sector, function, develop, countermeasures
1.The Main Social Function And Role Of The Third Sector
The third sector, including community groups, foundations, private non-enterprise units, intermediary organizations and community activities team, also known as non-governmental organizations, non-profit organizations, NGO. Bear certain public functions outside the system of government as an independent non-governmental organizations, it is the product of the development of market economy, rapid development in recent years, the third sector has been gradually promote the coordinated development of social and economic progress can not be the lack of a an important force. First of all, it is to meet the huge demand of the masses on social services, promote the coordinated development of education, science and technology, health, culture, sports, environmental protection, welfare, poverty alleviation, population and other social undertakings and public welfare undertakings. Second, to mobilize the masses to participate in social construction, social services, social management enthusiasm and creativity; its development provides new jobs, expanding employment and re-employment channels, to ease the employment pressure and social contradictions play a certain role. The third is to speed up the process of socialization of social and public services, breaking the social and public services in the past, only the country alone to do the situation. The introduction of competition mechanism activated a large extent, the public social service agencies to promote the public social service agencies to conduct a series of reforms in the operation mechanism, internal management, quality of service, thereby improving the socialization process. Is to undertake a lot of social management and service functions, and reduce the burden on the government to create the conditions for the transformation of government functions. 5 is active in the overseas non-governmental cooperation and exchanges, the introduction of capital, technology, management experience, to carry out economic and cultural exchanges between the regional and international, played a significant role in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs and international affairs.
The third sector are usually non-profit, voluntary, public welfare or the total of benefits such as property, at the same time in the social system and structure is different from many of the social function of business and government.
Reflect the social function of the third sector has the following four aspects.
It has social resources mobilization, relative to business and government, the third sector has an important social function is to mobilize social resources.
It has social public service function, the third sector mobilization of social resources used to develop various forms of public welfare social services. Secondly, the third sector to cope with various social problems, by providing services to expand the public space, to maintain and enhance the social and public interests. When the occurrence of social problems, the third sector because of its spontaneous, voluntary, grass-roots, and can better response to various social problems, to make up for the lack of government failure and market failure, in order to maintain and enhance the community"s public interest. Again, the space of the third sector commissioned by the Government or to participate in government procurement, and joined the Government"s public service system, expand public services and improve its efficiency, while the formation of the relationship between the complementarities between the public service with the government help, cooperation and interaction, and common development.
Social coordination and governance functions, first as citizens of spontaneous forms of organization, the third sector is the expression of public opinion, to convey feelings, to achieve civil rights, an institutional arrangement to maintain the livelihood of the people most directly. Second, third sector voluntary participation, altruism and mutual aid, charity and other ideas to achieve interpersonal communication, build understanding between people, people and society, man and nature, dialogue, interaction of the bridge to help resolve all conflicts and conflict. Third, the third sector through organized social mobilization and community involvement can help its members achieve the social value of life or the broader public interest value.
It has a policy advocacy and influence function, also play a positive influence in the legislative and public policy advocacy.
2.Issues And Challenges Faced By The Third Sector
The third sector in China, while facing significant development opportunities, is also facing a number of practical issues and challenges.
The lack of the ability of the third sector itself, the potential is far from played out its role.
On the one hand, whether it is economic reform, political reform, social reform to further deepen the need to have the third sector to undertake some duties previously undertaken by the government to provide public goods and social welfare; the other hand, China is now The third sector is very weak, the capacity is grossly inadequate, it is difficult to undertake the responsibilities of government transfers. Mainly in:
From the quantitative point of view, China is not only with developed countries, compared with some developing countries there is a big gap. In terms of size, the smaller the overall size of China"s civil society organizations and the organizational system is not perfect, weak workforce, fewer total assets. In the proportion of the public service, the most developed market economies and institutions, its social and public services rely mainly on non-profit organizations. For example, the U.S. non-profit organizations, including more than 150 kinds of types, covering all aspects of social life, including private non-profit medical institutions accounted for 51 percent of the national health service sector, private non-profit educational institutions accounted for 46 percent of the education services sector, private non-profit art organizations accounted for more than 90 percent of the national art service department. China"s civil society organizations in social and public services sector share ratio of less than 30%.
Second, the third sector funding is the lack of professionals is obviously insufficient, the overall quality is low. China"s economic development since the reform and opening up has made great achievements, but in general, China is still a backward developing country. The third sector full-time staff less, even more lack of volunteers. Many third sectors become absorbed retirees, laid-off staff in government departments and institutions, "nursing home", aging staff, lack of innovation, which restricts the development of the third sector.
Third, knowledge and experience less backward means. The third sector from the original government agencies or institutions separated, retained the original bureaucracy, who does not understand the third sector management skills, lack of third sector innovation, flexibility, lack of solve social problems, experience and means to meet the needs of the community.
The overall quality is not high; the role play is not in place. From the quality point of view, is not optimal development of the overall structure of China"s civil society organizations, industry associations, economic and social development needs of rural professional Economic Association, the underdevelopment of public charity and grassroots civil society organizations; some functions of the civil society organizations is not accurate positioning, government a strong color dependence on government, independent innovation and social services are weak; sense of law and a few non-governmental organizations, the internal management system is imperfect, self-regulatory mechanism is not perfect, the lack of social and public responsibility, social credibility is not high. Some third-sector fund-raising illegal profits, a violation of the law of the country; some fame and fortune, serious internal friction; some financial chaos, corruption; some of the ignorance and superstition, fraud money, and some even anti- activities of the government, anti-human and anti-science. The one hand the third sector, social credibility, lack of consistency in the other hand, the Government of the third sector policy, the policy of the government of the third sector is relatively tight, when the third sector more problems, and vice versa is relatively loose.
Understanding of the third sector errors, it has been limited. The third sector in China is still a new phenomenon; the level of understanding of most people it is also extremely limited, together with some understanding, misunderstanding, and development subject to some restrictions. The one hand, the government needs to nurture and develop the third sector, to undertake some of the functions transferred by the Government, deepening reform and opening up the results; the other hand, some people worry about the third sector and growth may affect the stability of society. In this context, the third sector development in China will inevitably subject to some restrictions.
3.Solutions And Ways
Democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and fraternity, vitality, stability and order, people in harmony with nature, the six characteristics of a harmonious socialist society is not left to the establishment of a social policy interests of the expression, coordination and security, the organization of social control mechanism and systems, to ensure the realization of the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of these topics. In this regard, the third sector has unique features and benefits.
The third sector is to blend the glue of society, the social contradictions of the diluents, a buffer of social conflict. This requires improvement and development of the third sector, we must note the following:
Improve the legal environment of the third sector, the introduction of the Basic Law of the Third Sector as soon as possible and to improve the system and the system of special regulations. At present, China is still not specialized, comprehensive, strict laws on the management of the third sector, only the State Council promulgated Regulations on the Registration of Social Organizations "private non-enterprise units and the Interim Regulations on Registration and Administration", "Foundation Management Ordinance , Ministry of Civil Affairs introduced the ban illegal non-governmental organizations Interim Measures, the Interim Provisions on the name of the private non-enterprise units and the Ministry of Civil Affairs and other departments jointly issued a limited number of normative documents, the overall level is not high, a small number do not match, the operability is not strong. Not only that, the first three regulations are the basic starting point is the regulation, the basic terms and some far behind reality, and some can not find the specific requirements. At the same time, on the basis of the development of the basic law of the third sector, and gradually establish and further improve the registration and management of the third sector-specific legislation to provide legal and institutional protection system, the normal activities of the third sector.
The Government to speed up the management innovation, to update the management philosophy, promotes the rapid development of the third sector. The Government supports the protection of the healthy development of the third sector. Should fully understand the development and growth of the importance of the third sector, and strive to create a favorable environment for the healthy development of change control management to support management, enhance service concept, the concept of democracy. Specifically, should lower the access threshold, to simplify the registration process, reduce the approval hurdle, and vigorously support and ensure a healthy development. Increase government funding, the use of discretionary management, government procurement, subsidies and other ways to strengthen the third sector"s financial and economic support. Expand the types of tax incentives and scope of the third sector. Create tax incentives supporting measures and civil affairs departments, financial departments and tax departments of communication and coordination mechanism. Improve the sound of the third sector internal management mechanism, and so on.
Strengthen management and supervision, to form a good "self-discipline" and "discipline" mechanism, improve the social status of the third sector. Self-discipline is the behavior of self-discipline of civil society organizations, is a broad-based to his law, but also contains higher requirements for civil society organizations to reflect their own image. Strengthen its self-construction, on the basis of existing laws and regulations; establish a system of external monitoring of the third sector, government supervision, judicial supervision, supervision by public opinion, social, public oversight combined, the establishment of public security, civil affairs, and technology supervision department of the overall linkage mechanism. And actively deal with complaints, you can deepen the understanding of the community; establish a good image in the minds of most people, but also to promote its practitioners to improve work efficiency and service quality.
Strengthen propaganda and guidance to improve the public awareness level of the third sector. Step up publicity efforts by the various news media and breadth, so that more people know the third sector to understand and care for its development. A number of norms of behavior play a significant role, a strong awareness of social responsibility and social welfare, social impact of large organizations to vigorously promote the expansion of social impact, and establish a good social image. Only by vigorously to improve the public"s awareness of the third sector before the development of a broad social base, but also in order to strengthen social supervision of the public and the media.
In short, the third sector in China has achieved a certain development, but still in its infancy, especially in the Legal System to build effective in promoting the cultivation of the third sector, development and management, is still a need for long-term efforts to systems engineering. Faced with the inevitable trend of the market economy, pluralistic governance, the institutional conditions needed to promote the healthy development of the third sector, and gradually establish a mature civil society. "12th Five-Year" period, China has entered a crucial stage of reform focus on the transformation of the government, which also provides an important opportunity for the development of civil society organizations
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