浙江工业大学 摘要：本文首先介绍我国商业银行基本现状和在风险管理上出现的各种问题，通过对各类案件的整理和总结，在此基础上进一步对商业银行操作风险问题进行分析，最后结合我国实际情况，提出完善当前我国商业银行操作风险管理的五点建议。
关键词：商业银行操作风险对策
??1.Introduction
With the increasing trend ofglobal economic integration,less monetary control,the ever-changing financial technology and extending field of product innovations,making commercial banking in a more complicated and rapid change business environment,problems such as operational risk for the commercial banks became apparent.Operational risk,similar to credit risk and market risk,has become a risk that commercial banks should face and try to avoid.Enhancing management of operational risk should be the top priority in the risk management of commercial banks.
Operational risk is the second source of risk following credit risk that Chinese Banking is facing.Although operational risk has not got into trouble such as illegal trading leading to huge losses even bankrupted like Baring Bank （UK） andSociete Generale SA,the situation and the loss is still quite grim.There are every sign that indicate operational risk of commercial bank in China has stepped into a period of outbreak and high incidence.
According to some statistics,of the 71 operational risk cases reported by the media in 2009,the total financial loss is up to RMB2,958,210,000.41 cases are treachery from within,taking up to 57.75% of the operational risk cases and 67.50% of the total loss,that is RMB1,996,774,300；The number of external fraud cases is 15,21.13% of the 71 cases and 31.18% of the total loss,that is RMB922,373,000;Cases due to execute,delivery and process management takes up a 9.86% of the total number of cases and,causing a loss of RMB750,900,which is 0.025% of the financial loss;Operational risk because of the miscue of customers,product and business operation is under 5% of the 71 cases and within 1% of the loss.
In conclusion,inChina"s commercial banking,internal fraud is a main cause of operational risk due to lack of internal control mechanism.External fraud is second to internal fraud and is still a main source of operational risk.Special measure should be taken to avoid internal and external fraud and enough attention should be drawn to other causes of operational risk so that early prevention is attained and losses can be controlled within the minimum.
??2.Operational Problems
1.Lack of awareness of risk management.From thepractice of commercial bank management,the awareness of risk management is quite low.The management teams place their working highlights on the operation of business and take no notice of the importance of risk management.Even when they realize the existence of risk,the process of risk management is rarely carried out effectively.
2.The system of operational risk management is lagged behind.At present,the risk management inChina is far below the requirement and most banks still remain on the credit risk management.Risk management department is actually a credit risk management department.There has not been a completed and reasonable risk management system,so the duties are distributed to accountant and audit.
3.The undeveloped method and technology of operational risk management.For a long time,thecommercial banks set their main focus on qualitative analysis with a strong sense of subjectivity based on empirical method leading to an incomplete and inaccurate recognition of operational risk management.The assessment and measure of operational risk is also quite simple,so left behind compared to the quantity mode and financial engineering methods used by international advanced banks.
4.Undeveloped internal control mechanism.When drawing the regulations ofcommercial banks,the syntaxes to other departments and detailed operational conditional have not been taken into consideration.Besides,subjective judgment,internal control of the insiders is quite serious in the internal control process.This would lead to late and inappropriate internal control problems to some extent and the happening of operational risk in these occupations.
??3.Management Strategies
1.Enhance and construct the awareness of risk management.Commercial banking itself is an industry of high risk and operational risk is throughout the whole process of the business.The control of operational risk is the duty for all the staff,not the responsibility of the management team of the bank.Everybody in the bank industry should clearly realize the importance of operational risk,especially for the senior managers,who should have a whole understanding of the risk management and shoulder the responsibility of risk management so that they can set an example for staff at all levels.
2.Establish and complete the system of risk management.Theorganizational structure of the commercial banking in our country is the linear structure as head office,tier-one branch,sub-branch and local branch.The control of the risk management of head office is gradually declined and there are possibilities that the information would not match.Besides,the process of operational management should follow the virtuous circle of risk identification,risk assessment,risk transfer or management,risk monitoring and risk report and coordinates with the established risk management environment,risk management strategies and policies.
3.Optimize the management tools and innovate management methods.Learn from the advanced management experience and modern methods,do more research on operational risk management model so that theattributes of potential operational risks and the existing ones can be recognized and evaluated by means of quantitatively and objectively assess the risk management level of commercial banking.Commercial banking can also take measures to transfer and release the risk while controlling the occurrence and consequences of operational risks.
4.Complete internal control mechanism and improve external monitoring.Effective internal control and external monitoring is the foundation of recognizing,preventing and controlling operational risks.Studies of critical control points on new operational risk should be carried out,especially for new business.In additional,commercial banks should also establish clear risk report system and elaborate the standard,frequency,lines and quality of the report to increase the efficiency ofinformation flow and enhance commercial bank"s ability of reflect to risk.Meanwhile,the monitoring of external risk should be reinforced.The monitoring staff should be of high quality and it"s better to establish Regulators Certification System.
5.Training to improvecompetence of the staff.One of the main reasons of operational risk of our commercial banking is the fraud,which is a consequence of the violation of rules of the internal staff,so more management on human resources has a significant effect on the control of the risks.An atmosphere of honesty should be established within the staff team.Changes should be made on the framework and concept of employing and handsome salary should be offered openly to the ones with high competence and honesty.On one hand this can raise the quality of the entire staff to control the occurrence of the risk,and on the other hand,these highly competence talents would recognize and assess the potential risks and take measures to prevent them in an early stage.
（责任编辑：李孟阳）