上海海洋大学 摘要：采购在整个企业的物料产品生产与服务资源中起到了关键性的作用，然而如何使整个采购过程趋于完美化是所以企业的采购部门必须面对的一大问题。答案是将采购部门与企业物流部门紧密的联系在一起，使其达到最晚没的合作，并将采购部门的采购准则标准化将是最好的途径之一。
关键词：采购物流采购请求采购订单SAP系统应用供应商.
Abstract:Purchase is the key process to gain the products or services as resources，but how to perfect the purchasing procedure is a big problem.Cooperate with the Logistics Department closely and standardize the whole purchasing rule will be one of the best way.
Keywords:PurchaseLogisticsPurchase requestPurchase OrderSAPVendor.
As we all know,Purchase is the key process to gain the products or services as resources，to ensure that the factory maintain the production and operating activities smoothly.Logistics is the science of managing and controlling the flow of goods，energy，information and other resources like products，maintenance and people，from the source of production to the markets.It is very hard to accomplish any marketing，manufacturing or earning without logistical supports.
All in all，how to link the logistics and the purchase process closely will be the first key point.It"s crucial to have a close relationship between logistics department and purchasing department in the enterprise.A balanced relation and process with major business and production is important to achieve the best cost and maximize the profits.When the Pur.Department receives the original purchase request （PR） by other departments （e.g.Finance，BA，HR，etc.），select the right vendor and negotiate the final quotation is of paramount importance to the Pur.Department.Most companies have their own vendor lists or vendor database，with which the most reasonable or acceptable price can be negotiated and maintained.When the original PR is released，the key point is how to select the vendor to satisfy the demand of the end-user and negotiate the best quotation with the suppliers.In the procedure of negotiating and consulting，the skilled buyers play a key role and could achieve great cost reduction （CR） from the suppliers.Thus，the Pur.Department will lower the expense for the company and influence company bottom-line.In the meantime，when the Pur.Department release the purchase order （PO），the Logistics Department should focus on the supply chain as soon as possible.The operating responsibility of logistics is the geographical repositioning of raw materials，work in process，and finished inventories where required at the lowest cost possible.The Logistics Department will especially focus on the information of vendor and the delivery date to guarantee the end-user will receive the products according to the agreed delivery date on time.When the delivery was done，the logistics department should track the goods-receiving （GR） in order to finish the whole process and the Pur.Department could end the PO with finance.In some cases，when the skilled buyer purchased the equipments or instruments from abroad，provide customs applying service of imported goods and help the Pur.Department to accomplish the PO is their key job.The logistics should cooperate with the purchasing perfectly in order to reach the lowest costs and realize the maximum benefits.
However，optimize the purchasing flow and follow the rules become another challenge.The ideal cooperation betweenPur.Department and internal users usually is not easily achieved in modern enterprises.Huge amounts of difficulties should be overcome including the procedure of purchasing；with only about 20% companies could finish the whole purchase procedures severely.The first vital step is to raise the PR within an approved budget.The end-users must obey the operation rules with the skilled buyer instead of contacting their personal supplier.In some cases，the Pur.Department may be engaged late and it"s wasting time and effort to negotiate with the suppliers.Sometimes，the end-users will define the purchasing activity as an emergency and push the purchasing department to process fast.In any cases，the original PR must be sent to the skilled buyer，who will search their own vendor list or vendor database where the suppliers were trusted and negotiated earlier.It is the key point to reduce the final cost.Another issue is related to SAP system used by the Pur.Department where the PO can be released.Some companies define the limits of authority to a large amount of employees，which leads to the unnecessary release of confidential files or agreement.For example，the vendor list or the vendor database is the pivotal part of the Pur.Department.With the purpose of lower the cost and maximize the profit，standardize the procedure and tools will be the first step.Optimize the SAP system used in the Pur.Department will be another step.
（责任编辑：刘 璐）