篇一：英文书信中的称呼语及敬语
英文书信中的称呼语及敬语
随着与国外交流的增加，书信往来也随之剧增。如何正确运用英文书信的称呼语（Salutation）及敬语（The Complimentary Close）是不容忽视的问题。
一、称呼语（Salutation）
英文书信中的称呼语有多种形式：
1．在不知道收信人姓名的情况下，有以下几种称呼方式：
Dear Sir（to a man if the name is unknown）
Dear Madam（to a woman whose name is unknown）
Dear Sir/Madam（to cover both sexes）
如果是寄往某公司的信还可用“Dear Sirs”。但注意不要写成“DearMadame”，Dear madame为法语，意为“夫人”，多与姓一起用，也不要用“Dear Mister”和“Dear Friend”作称呼语。
2．在知道收信人姓名的情况下，有以下几种称呼方式：
Dear Mr Smith（for a man）
Dear Mrs Brown（for a married woman）
Dear Miss Jones（for a single woman）
Dear Ms Todd（Ms does not reveal the marital status of a woman）
下面以“Winston Smith”（温斯顿·史密斯）为例看一看几种称呼方式及其意义。
①“Dear Mr Smith”：用于以前有过联系的情况。
②“Dear Smith”：仅用于男性上司对他熟悉的下级的称谓。
③“Dear Winston”：用于彼此关系密切的情况。如果与Smith先生很熟悉，见面时就称呼他的名字，那么写信时也可这样称呼，否则不可。
在给女士写信时，称呼语的用法比对男士就更要复杂些了。如写信给“Jane Brown”女士，可能会有“Dear Miss Brown”、“Dear Mrs Brown”、“DearMs Brown”这几种情况。用哪种更合适，了解对方是一方面，但更重要的是记住按“收信人喜欢的方式称呼”这一原则。如果来信上的署名是“JaneBrown”，回信时称呼语就该写成“Dear Ms Brown”；如果署名为“Jane
Brown（Mrs）”，称呼语就该为“Dear Mrs Brown”。这是因为有的人比较正统，她们不愿别人把“夫人”、“小姐”这两个概念搞混，便在她们署名的后边注上（Mrs）或（Miss）以提示对方。
在亲属、亲友的信中常看到“My dear”、“My dearest”、“My darling”这样的称呼语。长辈给晚辈写信时，即使为同性别，也常用称呼语“My dear”。
二、敬语（The Complimentary Close）
敬语又称结束语，它是一种客套语，类似中文书信中的“谨上”，但英文书信中的敬语往往要与信中的称呼语相呼应。如果称呼语是“Dear Sir”或“Dear Madam”，敬语就该为“Yours faithfully”；如果称呼语是“Dear MrSmith”或“Dear Mrs Brown”敬语就该为“Yours
sincerely”。“Yours truly”、“Sincerely（yours）”、“Very truly yours”在美国英语中常见。而“Yours affec-tionately”、“Yours respectfully”现已不大使用了。
一般私人信件中敬语常用“Best wishes”，朋友间常用“Yours ever”，恋人、亲属间常用“love”做敬语。而今在女性朋友之间的信中也常见用“love”作敬语。“All my love”或“Yours fraternally”现已不用了。
篇二：英文信件格式
英语信函写作大全超值篇
书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函（Business Letter or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）两大类。
值得注意的是，英语书信的写法与汉语书信有一些明显区别，应特别加以区分。英语书信通常包括下面几个组成部分：信端、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名、附件、再启等。下面我们将逐个进行介绍。
1、信端（Heading）
信端即信头，一般包括写信人的地址和写信日期。一些正式信函的信端还包括发信人或单位的电话号码、电报挂号、电传、传真和邮政编码等。 西方国家中有些信端甚至还有单位负责人的姓名、职务和职称等。 信端的目的是使收信人一看便知道书信来自何处，何时发出，便于复信和查阅。用一般的信纸写信时，信端应写在信纸的右上角，若字数较多，可仍信纸中间或偏右的地方写起。若字数较少，可适当多向右移一些，使整个信端的重心落在右上角。
信端的写法主要有并列式和斜列式两种。仍目前情况来看，前者更为常用。采用并列式时，每行开头要左对齐；采用斜列式时，每行开头逐次向右移二三个字母的距离。例如：
（1）并列式
16 Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035 People’s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug. 20, 2004
（2）斜列式（Indented Form）
16 Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035
People’s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug. 20, 2004
写信端时，先写发信人的地址，地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列，然后是其它项目和发信日期。具体次序是：第一行写门牌号和街名；第二行写区名、市（县）名、省（州、邦）名，往国外寄的信，还要写上国家的名称；国家名称的前面加上邮政编码，其后可写上电话号码，最后一行写发信日期。如果写信人的地址是机关单位的名称，则将其作为第一行。如果写信人的单位没有门牌号码和街名，则第一行可写上所在班级或专业组的名称；第二行写系、科、室名称；第三行写学校名称；第四行写市（县）、省（州）名称；然后再写邮政编码、国名、电话号码、发信日期等项。
如果使用标点符号，则在每行末尾加逗号，最后一行的末尾加句号。但当前的信件中行末大都不加标点符号，但在每行之内该用标点符号的地方，仌要用标点。
特别要注意的是，门牌号码和街名之间要加逗号。月份和日期之间不可用逗号。在西方国家，城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字（如 New York, 103），表示城市的邮政编码。
关于发信日期的写法，应注意以下几点：
?年份应完全写出，不能简写。
?月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。
?月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。
?写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，……28，29，30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, ……28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基数词，简单明了。
日期可有下列几种写法：
? Oct. 20, 2004
? 10 May., 2004
? 3rd June, 2004
? Sept. 16th, 2004
其中，?最为通用。
2.信内地址（Inside Address, Introductory Address）
信内地址收信人的姓名和地址，写在信纸的左上角，仍信纸的左边顶格开始写，低于写信人地址和发信日期一二行，也分并列式和斜列式两种，但应与信端的书写格式保持一致。其次序是，先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称，占一二行，然后写地址，可占二至四行，例如：
?并列式
Ms. Joanna Kerry
Peking University
Haidian District, 100871
Beijing
China
?斜列式
Ms. Joanna Kerry
Peking University
Haidian District,100871
Beijing
China
3.称呼（Salutation）
对收信人的称呼应自成一行，写在低于信内地址一二行的地方，仍信纸的左边顶格开始写，每个词的开头字母要大写，至于末尾处的符号，英国人用逗号，但美国和加拿大英语则多用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。给外国人写英文信时，称呼用语要注意以下几点：
?对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr. 。
Mr. 用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如对的称呼，应该是：Mr. 或 Mr. White, 不可是：Mr. Phil。若称呼多个男性，则在姓名前用 Mr. 的复数形式 Messrs. 。对
一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼，例如：Messrs. Black and Brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。
?对女性一般称呼 Mrs.， Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字前 Madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs. 没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性，则在姓名前用 Mme. 的复数形式 Mmes. 而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企业可用 Mesdames 称呼。 Miss 多用于未婚女子，此词可缩写为 Ms ，用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。
?对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称，不分性别。例如 Professor （缩写为 Prof.），Doctor （缩写为 Dr.）， General (缩写为 Gen.) 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof. （Phil）White等。
?对外公函中对收信人的称呼，可用 Gentlemen （而不是 Gentleman），Dear Sir (s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear， 后面也不能带姓名。用 Sirs 时，前面常用 Dear 一词，但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女，则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。
?对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用
（Dear）Sir， （Dear）Mr. Chairman，（Dear）Mr. Premier， （My dear）Mr. Ambassador，Your Excellency （复数为 Excellencies）。
?对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其复数为 Your Majesties。
?对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir 或（Dear）Madam 但在正式尊称时，一般用 Your Highness (复数为 Highnesses)。
收信人称呼：
先生（男人）Mr./Esq. ／夫人（已婚）Mrs. ／小姐（未婚）Miss／夫人、小姐统称Ms. ／夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.
两位或两位以上男子Messrs／两位或两位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames／两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）Misses
常见的头衔（汉英对照）如下：
教授Professor／博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)／医学博士Medical Doctor(M.D.) ／总统或校长President
主席或董事长Chairman／副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman／副总统或副校长Vice President ／首相Prime Minister／总理Premier／省长或州长Governor／市长Mayor／参议员Senator／大使Ambassador
秘书长Secretary General／一秘First Secretary／二秘Second Secretary／院长Director,Dean／副院长Vice Director／系主仸Dean,Head,Chair／馆长Chief Librarian,Curator／阁下Excellency／神甫Father
4.信的正文（Body of the Letter）
信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用 P. S.表示补变。
5.结束语（Complimentary Close）
结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，仍信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定例如写给机关、团体或不相识的人的信，一般用：
Yours (very) truly, Yours (very) faithfully,Yours (very) sincerely， 等等。
写给上级和长者的信一般可用：
Yours (very) respectfully, Yours (very) obediently, Yours gratefully, Yours appreciatively, Your obedient servant, 等等。
写给同志或同事的信一般可用：
Fraternally yours, Comradely yours，等等。
写给熟人或朊友的信可用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours affectionately, As ever, Yours sincerely Yours devotedly, (Most) Fondly yours, Yours excitedly, Intimately yours，等等。
写给亲属或挚友的信一般用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours as ever, As ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours, (Much) Love, With Love,Lovingly, Your loving son, Your most affectionate, Your devoted friend, Devot
篇三：英文申请信件(非常详细)
英文书信格式：
英文书信通常由下列五个部分组成：
A 信头（Heading）包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。在比较熟识的朋友之间的通信，写信人的地址常可略去。地址的写法通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市（县）名、省名、国名（邮政编码通 常写在城市名之后）。这同中文书信的地址写法完全相反。日期写在地址的下方，可以写1～3行。通常有下列两种定法： （a）月、日、年（美式）：如August 15, 200__ （b）日、月、年（英式）：如15th august, 200__ ，月、日的后面用逗号,年份后面不用标点。
B 称呼（Salutation）指写信人对收信人的称呼，如Dear Xiaojun，写在日期下一两行，顶格写，称呼后面可用逗号，也可用冒号，一般用Dear…或My dear…开头。
C 正文（Body）这是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。正文一般在称呼下方隔两行处开始写，正文的首行左边一般留约5个字母宽的空白。
D 结束语（Complimentary Close）它是书信结尾的恭维话，相当于文中书信最后的“祝好”、“致礼”之类的话语。如 “Best wishes”等
E 签名（Signature）签名通常签在结束语下方的中间偏右的位置，即使是打写机打出的信件，最后仍需亲笔
申请信写法：
开头：说明写信目的(申请原因)，信息来源，对所申请工作或学校的认识，自己的打算。
主体：着重介绍自己的背景(教育情况，工作经历，兴趣爱好，特长等)。求职信先介绍工作经验，要突出
个人能力及工作业绩；求学信要重点介绍自己受教育程度。总之，要努力使自己的介绍引起对方的兴趣。
结尾：表达自己的愿望，如希望得到面试机会等，语气要自信而坚定。
一、 英文求学申请信的格式和正文内容(Application for Admittance)
英文求学申请信与普通信函的格式一样,包括信头(写信人的地址和写信日期)、收信人的姓名和地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签名.
求学申请信一般包括如下内容:
1. 简单介绍个人的情况,包括学历、工作经历、研究经历等;
2. 说明所申请的专业和希望入学的时间;
3. 请学校寄入学申请表和有关资料;
4. 请学校介绍入学条件和要求;
5. 若申请经济资助,可要求学校寄经济资助申请表;
6. 信中要写上申请人的通讯地址和电话,以便对方回复.
二、英文求学申请信的写作要求
1. 应符合英语信件的格式,表达方式符合英语习惯;
2. 申请人的语气要自信而不傲慢,礼貌而不卑微,即不卑不亢,恰如其分;
3. 应写得简明流畅,言简意赅.
三、英文求学申请信正文部分的行文技巧
正文部分一般可以从三个方面组织内容:
1. 用简短的开场白明确陈述写信的目的,即申请什么专业和学位,从何得知申请信息等
入学申请应明确说明申请何类性质或何种学位的课程,准备何时入学等;
2. 主体段用来概述自己的情况,包括年龄、专业、学历、资历、特长、兴趣等,旨在给
对方留下深刻的印象.即使附有履历也应在主体段总结说明自己的基本情况,强调自己具备充分的申请资格.
3. 结束段主要用来敦请对方关照,说明附件.根据需要,还可以在主体段与结束段之间增补段落,说明其
他具体情况,如外语水平、获奖情况、经济能力等.
附:求学申请信样信正文部分
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am writing to apply for a place in the MA program in Economics of your university for the 2003-2004 academic year.
I am presently a fourth-year student at the Department of Economics, Beijing University. In the past three years, I have done well and have received quite a number of scholarships and honors. When I graduate and take my Bachelor's degree in June 2003, I wish to work for my Master's degree in Economics at your Graduate School.I would be grateful if you could send me an Application Form for Graduate Admission and a Financial Aid Form as well as information about your university. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely, 常用语：
I have learned that you are hiring---
I would like to apply for---
I am interested in a ---position in your firm.
I would appreciate an interview at your convenience.
I am well qualified to--- for the following reasons.
My interest and skill in ---contribute to my qualification for this job.
难得一见的好文章, 一封来自北京贵族学校的学生, 一封出自剑桥大学博士笔下.
Dear Sir or Madam:
My name is Ru Han Li, a student studying A-Level courses at Beijing Royal School (BRS). I intend to spend my college years in a British university by the end of September 2006 for my higher education at the same time to develop my scientific skill since I love to have a career in the field of Chemical Engineering.
I had been an excellent student ever since I started my education. When I was 13 I passed the entrance exams of Chengdu Foreign Language School, the leading high school in Sichuan Province. This school accepts only 1000 top students among some 300000 candidates in the province each year. One year later I started to learn chemistry. I was extremely interested in knowing how a reaction happens, and used to find out the answer by myself. Because my personal knowledge is limited, I could not understand the professional words and graphs, which disturbed my mind for a
while. A short time later, I decided to learn more about its basic know-how. I am very proud to say that I did quite a good job in my middle school. I maintained as one of the top 5 students of the 60-students in my class. In September 2005, after two years senior high school education, I transferred to BRS for A-Levels. I have chosen mathematics, physics and chemistry in order to study chemical Engineering. With a great effort in absorbing knowledge, I began realizing that chemical world is so huge that is completely out of my imagination. Chemistry is widely applied in vast areas in our daily life. I performed well and won a first-class scholarship in my second year in BRS. I am confident that I will achieve AAA for A-Level in math, physics and chemistry, which should enable me to enter an excellent UK university.
I am quite confident that I can arrange both my study and my daily life well in new environment. I also took part in a great deal of social activities and some of them were really impressive. For instance, I found a part time job in a real estate company as a salesman for a month. I really enjoyed it and learnt a lot about how to express my opinion, communicate with different kinds of people and also about how to deal with an individual and how to work in a team. I had great honor in companying the president of the university of Minnesota when he visited BRS with his subordinates. We had a great talk about my school .during his visit. I’ve made up mind to read for a Bachelor degree in Chemical engineering in UK. The education in UK is well developed. The universities have perfect facilities with a long history and with some kind of strong financial and economic support. The shorter period of courses also attract me. Last but not the least, conscientious study atmosphere and the rich culture of this beautiful country, always inspiring my desire for further studies in UK
Apart from my academic excellence, I enjoy many activities in my leisure time. Basketball, computing and music are my main interests. I play the goalkeeper for our football team.I would be grateful if you could give my application your favorable consideration. I am looking forward to hearing from you in the future.
With all my best regards,
Yours truly
Ru Han Li
申请信件写作说明
一.写作点拨：
申请信 类型很多包括求职信，报考申请信，留学申请信等；写申请信应注意语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌，避免夸张。
申请信一般包括：申请原因、具备条件、恳请申请单位考虑自己的申请，表示谢意，期盼回复。具体为：
第一段引入事件，说明写信目的。
第二段介绍关于自己的一些具体内容。
第三段提出请求，表示感谢盼复。
二.词句模板：
1. 好词集锦： considerable,confident,suitable,extremely,pleased,grateful,especialy,opportunity,position,apply for, be good at, allow, would like to, offer, take...into consideration.
2.说明应聘原因常用语
A.I learned from sb/the newspaper that your company wanted to...
B.I was told that...
C.I have just read in the newspaper that your company needs a...
D.I am writing to inquire opportunities for ...
E.I am writing to you to inquire if there would be any position available for me to work as a...
F.I am writing to apply for the job .
G.I have learned from your advertisement that a ...is wanted in your company.
3.介绍个人优势常用语
A. Now I would like to introduce myself to you.
B. My name is Tom aged 16/who is a 16-year-old boy.
C. I graduated from...in 2012.
D. I like/am fond of swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time.
E. I work hard and I can get along /on well with others.
F. I am good at English and especially my spoken English is fairly good.
G. I master English and I talk to foreigners in English freely.
H. I am currently studying ...
I. I would be interested in ....
J. My main specialization is...
4.表示感谢及请求常用语
A. Thank you for your consideration of my application.
B. If you agree with me, I'll work hard and try to be a...
C.I am available for interview.
D. I am looking forward to hearing from you.
E. If you agree with me, please write to me or phone me.my telephone number is...
F. I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to ....
G. I would like to apply the position that your company offers to me.
H. Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to your early reply.
J. I greatly appreciate any of your favorable consideration of my application.
K.I would be very grateful if you could consider my application and could send me about...
l. Apart from doing sth, I may as well work as ...
赴美学习申请函（中英文）
My name is Li Ming. I am a high school graduate. I want to learn English for some time to improve my English first in America because I realize what I have learned is not enough for me after working for some time before Then I want to major in Business Studies.
I have decided to go to America to look for new challenges. After receiving a master’s degree in business administration, I will come back to China and start my own company or help run the family business
I choose the USA as the place to continue my study because America is a developed country with advanced technologies. Being one of the most powerful countries in the world, America depends not only on technologies, but also ways of doing things, such as international trading and the communications with other countries. Also, I hope I can get to know outstanding people from different countries and learn something from them. All of these are my greatest motivators. That’s why I choose America for further study.
I am going to Ohio. There I will spend some time learning English. I will try my best to master the language. I don’t think it will take too long for me to be very acquainted with the field.. Then I will apply to Ohio University. I will major in business administration. I will spend 3 years studying there. During my study, I will accomplish all