虚拟语气
1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是条件，不是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用多。
2）条件句可分为两类，一类为条件句，一类为非条件句。非条件句表示的是假设的或性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
　

16.1 条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有。结构参见下表：
句 型 条件从句 主句
现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
祈使句
情态动词现在时
例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 他来，会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
　 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.　
A.　will rain　 B. rains　 C. rained　 D. is rained
　 答案B。条件句主句为将来时，从句用现在时。
注意：
1）在条件句中，主句用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
　 （错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
　 （对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用现在时的动词。


16.2 非条件句
1）虚拟语气可以表示，现在和将来的情况，时态的特点是时态往后推移。
a. 与现在事实相反的假设
条件从句 主句
时（be用were） should（would）等 +动词原形
例如：If they were here, they would help you. 儿，会帮助你的。
含义：They are not here, they can’t help you.
b. 与事实相反的假设
条件从句 主句
时 should（would）等+ have+ 分词
例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。
　 　 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
c. 表示对将来不大的事情的假想
条件从句 主句
时 should/would等 + 动词原形
were+ 不定式
should+ 动词原形
例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 你将来了，一切都会好的。
　 If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.
　
16.3 混合条件句
有时，主句与从句的动作在不同的，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气因不同而不同，条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：
　　If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 你昨天问过他，就知道做了。
　 （从句与事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
　　If it had rained last night（）, it would be very cold today （现在）.昨晚下过雨，就会很冷了。

16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装
　　虚拟条件句的从句含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，倒装。例如：
　 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.现在在的话，就会帮助了。
　 Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。
　 Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词\'be\'的时态一律用\"were\"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：
　　 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 我是你，就会去找他。
　　 If he were here, everything would be all right. 他儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
　 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I　　 B. I were　C. Were I　D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装的句首用动词的缩略。如可说 Were I not to do, 而说 Weren\'t I to do。

16.5 特殊的虚拟语气词should
1）在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
It is 可用的词有三类 that （should）do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等

2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等。例如：
　I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周个会议。
　 He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
　 注意：如suggest, insist不表示\"建议\" 或\"要某人做某事时\"，即它们用于其本意\"暗示、表明\"、\"\"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
　 判断改错： （错） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.
（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
　 （错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.
　 （对） I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如：
　　 My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
　　 I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议，下周开个会。

16.6 wish的用法
1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太的愿望。其宾语从句的动词为：
主句 从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的式为 were） 现在时 时
从句动作与主句动作（had + 分词） 时 时
将来不大的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形
例如：I wish I were as tall as you.　我希望和你一样高。
　 He wished he hadn\'t said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
　 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do。例如：
　 I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。
　 I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上消息。

16.7 if only与only if
　　only if表示\"\"；if only则表示\"……就好了\"。If only也可用于陈述语气。例如：
　　I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 闹钟响了，我才会醒。
　　If only the alarm clock had rung.　　　当时闹钟响就好了。
　　If only he comes early.　　　　　　　但愿他早点回来。

16.8 It is （high） time that
　 It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。例如：
　 It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。
　 It is high time that the children should go to bed.

16.9 need \"不必做\"和\"本不必做\"
　 didn\'t need to do表示不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
　 needn\'t have done表示不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如：
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn\'t need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，她不必步行回家了。
　 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn\'t have walked back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，她本不必步行回家了。 （Mary步行回家了，遇上John的车。）
典型例题
　 There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn\'t have hurried　 B. couldn\'t have hurried　　C. must not hurry　 D. needn\'t have hurried
　 答案D。needn\'t have done. 意为\"本不必\"，即做了某事，而时上不必要。
　 Mustn\'t have done 用法不，对的事情否定性推断应为couldn\'t have done, \"不\"。 must not do 不可以（用于现在时）。

16.10 虚拟语气练习
1.Everything ______ if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
a.will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed
b.would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed
2.If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night,______.
a.you would meet John already b. you won’t have missed John
c.you will have met John d. you would have met John
3.Supposing this ship ______ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?
a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk
4.The insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ______ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
a. it is not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not
5.The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation.
a. made b. make c. makes d. will make
6.Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
a. do b. don’t do c. didn’t do d. will not do
7.After the way she treated you, if I ______ in your place.
a. be b. am c. was d. were
8.The idea is that the nation ______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.
a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send
9.It’s high time you ______.
a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work
10.“If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“I ______ able to play so well now.”
a. wouldn’t be b. won’t be c. wouldn’t have been d. couldn’t have been
11.It is imperative that you ______ there in person.
a. are b. were c. be d. will be
12.The atomic structure is, ______, a miniature solar system.
a. as it were b. as if they were c. as it were d. as if are
13.We required that the machine parts ______ cast iron.
a. is made of b. be made from c. be made of d. is made by
14.The management urged that the cost of production ______.
a.to be further reduced b. was further reduced
b.be further reduced d. should further reduced
15.The business is risky. But ______ we would be rich.
a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed
16.I wish our teacher ______ to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet.
a. isn’t going b. weren’t going c. will not going d. could have gone
17.I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night.
a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone
18.I’d just as soon ______ rudely to her.
a. that you won’t speak b. your not speaking c. you not speak d. you didn’t speak
19.If I ______ in the twenty-first century, I ______ my vacation in a very different way.
a. should live…would spend b. will live ….should spend
c. are living … should have spent d. will be living…would have spent
20.It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary.
a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil
21.His English teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program.
a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning
22.We prefer that the plan ______ before being put into execution.
a.is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed
c.be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed
23.What do you think of his proposal that improvements ______ in the old type of vacuum cleaner?
a. be made b. will be made c. would be made d. will have to be made
24.The doctor’s advice is that the patient ______ about his real physical condition.
a.be not told b. not be told c. will not be told d. must not be told
25.______,we could not have finished the work on time.
a.If they do not help us b. Was it not for their help
c.Should they offer to help us d. But for their help
26.If we had been more careful, we ______ much better results now.
a. got b. had got c. would be getting d. would have got
27.Henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past.
a. would be b. is c. will be d. was
28.They thought it desirable that an armed guard ______ in readiness.
a. stands b. stand c. stood d. would stand
29.All science students, ______,should have a good foundation in basic sciences.
a.whether they are future physicists and chemists
b.they are future physicists of chemists
c.they should be future physicists of chemists
d.be they future physicists or chemists
30.Sally can’t have written tome, or ______ the letter by now.
a. I’ll get b. I’ll have got c. I’d have got d. I’d get
31.I should very much like to have gone to the party but I ______.
a. am not invited b. was not invited c. shall not be invited d. am not being invited
32.There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention ______ to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit.
a. is given b. gives c. should be given d. must be given
33.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.
a. be heated b. is heated c. would be heated d. to heat
34.“Did you go to see the football match yesterday?”
“No. I didn’t feel well, but I would have gone if I ______.”
a.did b. have c. would d. had
35.If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we ______ her at the bus station.
a. may have met b. might meet c. may meet d. might have met
36.We’re safer in a train than we would be if we ______ any other way.
a. traveled b. had traveled c. travel d. have traveled
37.He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I ______ of hunger and cold.
a. would be died b. would have died c. would die d . will have died
38.______ today, he would get there by Friday.
a.Was he leaving b. If he is leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leaves
39.Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight ______.
a.could be not solved b. could not be solved
b.could not have been solved d. could not have solved
40.He is a poorly learnt man. But he acts as though he ______.
a. is b. were c. should be d. seems like
41.The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ______ on the way.
a. goes wrong b. go wrong c. went wrong d. would go wrong
42.______ the fog, we should have reached our destination.
a. Because of b. In spite of c. In case of d. But for
43.The old man went to office on foot, but he ______ by bus.
a. might have gone b. ought have gone c. could have gone d. should be gone
44.He is working hard for fear that he ______ to pass the exam.
a. fails b. may fail c. should fail d. would fail
45.She put on her glasses in order that she _____.
a. can see b. saw c. had seen d. might see
46.Whatever ______ we’ll go ahead.
a. had happened b. will happen c. might happen d. may be happened
47.If I ______ out of ink, I might have finished writing the paper.
a. hadn’t run b. shouldn’t run c. didn’t run d. haven’t run
48.But for your advice, I ______ into trouble.
a. would get b. got c. might have got d. should get
49.______ for the traffic jam, I should have covered fifty miles.
a. Had it been b. Had it not been c. It had not been d. It not had been
50.Were it not for the adoption of the open policy, things ______ they are today.
a. would never be b. could have been c. would never have been d. didn’t have
51.If only I ______ there.
a. have not been b. would not been c. will not be d. had not been
52.Tom would buy that bicycle but he ______ no money.
a. had b. has c. had had d. has had
53.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.
a. was b. were c. had been d. went
54.It is time we ______ up our results.
a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum
55.Dr Bethune worked hard as if he ______.
a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d . was tired never
56.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ______ the book from which it was made.
a. have read b. should have read c. am reading d. had read
57.It is strange that such a thing ______ in your school.
a.will happen b. happens c. should happen d. happened
58.If she could sew,______.
a.she make a dress b. she would have made a shirt
c.she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat
59.“Did you notice John was not at work today?”
“No. If ______ working, I would have noticed it.”
a.I’d be b. I wasn’t c. I’d been d. weren’t
60.“Why don’t you explain it to her?”
“I ______ it to her if I thought she would understand.”
a.would explain b. will explain c. explain d. would have explained
61.“Your performance was very good.”
“I could have done better if I ______ more time.”
a. have had b. had c. had had d. will have had
62.“She wouldn’t drink her medicine last night, would she?”
“______.”
a.No, but I wish she wouldn’t b. No, but I wish she had
b.Yes, I wish she drank d. yes, I wish she could
63.I think it advisable that he ______ for Tokyo soon.
a. will leave b. may leave c. leave d. leaves
64.The committee asked that the matter ______ at the next meeting.
a. would be discussed b. will be discussed c. be discussed d. may be discussed
65.______ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive today.
a.If he went b. Were he gone c. should he had gone d. Had he gone
66.______ the work, he would do it some other way.
a. Was he going b. If he does c. Were he to do d. If he is doing
67._____,I hardly think I would have recognized him.
a.Should his name not be mentioned b. Had someone not mentioned his name
c.If someone did not mention his name d. If someone had mentioned his name
68.I’d just as soon ______ to the theatre tonight.
a. not going b. not to go c. not go d. that I won’t go
69.At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club ______ open until midnight was defeated.
a. remains b. remain c. remained d. would remain
70.The business of each day, ______ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
a. it being b. be it c. was it d. it was

虚拟语气练习答案
1 D 19 A 37 B 55 B
2 D 20 A 38 C 56 D
3 C 21 B 39 C 57 C
4 B 22 C 40 B 58 B
5 B 23 B 41 B 59 C
6 C 24 A 42 D 60 A
7 D 25 D 43 C 61 C
8 C 26 C 44 C 62 B
9 C 27 A 45 D 63 C
10 A 28 B 46 C 64 C
11 C 29 D 47 A 65 D
12 C 30 C 48 C 66 C
13 C 31 B 49 B 67 B
14 C 32 C 50 C 68 C
15 A 33 A 51 D 69 B
16 B 34 D 52 B 70 B
17 D 35 D 53 C 71
18 D 36 A 54 B 72