.动名词
动名词是非限定动词的，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的，如表所示（物动词write为例），不及物动词语态的。
时态/语态 被动
式 writing being written
式 having written having been written

6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1）作主语。例如：
　　 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。
　2）作宾语　
　 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：
admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid complete consider delay 耽误
deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象
finish imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练
recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议
face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep
例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗
　 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。　　　　
　 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或成分。例如：
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to
stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of
be busy can\'t help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of
burst out keep on insist on count on set about
put off be good at take up give up be successful in
3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。
：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
4）作定语，表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系。例如：
boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机

6.2 worth 的用法
worth, worthy, worthwhile形容词，意为\"值得\"。
1. worth： be worth + n.　 当名词为金钱时，表示\"…… 值得……\"
常见的有It ’s worth while to do./ It ’s worth（someone’s）while doing
　 be worth doing sth.　\"……某事值得被做\"
　　The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复。
2. worthy：be worthy of +n.　当名词为抽象名词时表示\"……值得……\"
　 be worthy to be done \"某事值得被做\"
　　The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.
3. worthwhile：be worthwhile to do sth　 \"值得做某事\"
　　It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。
典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A. worth　 B. worthy　C. worthwhile　D. worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。选C。

6.3 动名词不定式、分词练习
1.I was ______ work last week, but I changed my mind.
a. to start b. to have started c. to be starting d. to have been starting
2.I intended ______ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen.
a. discuss b. discussing c. having discussed d. to have discussed
3.Don’t let me catch you ______.
a. do that again b. to do that again c. doing that again d. done that again
4.There are many kinds of metals ______.
a.each has its special properties b. one has its special properties
b. each having its special properties d. having its special properties
5.It’s pay-day, and they’re waiting ______.
a. for paying b. to be paid c. to be paying d. to have paid
6._______ trouble, I’m going to forget the whole affair.
a. Then rather cause b. Rather causing
c. Rather than cause d. Rather than caused
7. The brilliance of his satires was ______ make even his victims laugh.
a. so as to b. such as to c. so that d. such that
8.Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined ______ high levels of self-confidence.
a. possess b. have possessed c. to possess d. possessing
9.The worker is ______ in repairing the machine to notice my coming.
a. too busy b. enough busy c. busy too d. busy enough
10.“What did you do in the garden?”
“I watched my father ______ his motorbike.”
a. to repair b. repaired c. repairing d. repairs
11.We must have an engineer ______ the workers build the house.
a. to see b. see c. seeing d. seen
12.Induction means ______ a general conclusion from special facts.
a. to come to b. to coming c. coming to d. came
13.I’m not going to ask the teacher why he gave me that grade; I intend _______.
a. to let rest the matter b. the matter to be let resting
c. letting the matter to rest d. to let the matter rest
14.I have tried _______ worrying about it.
a. to stop consciously b. to consciously stop
c. to conscious stopping d. to stopping consciously
15.“Do you want to give a talk on that subject?”
“I prefer ______ .”
a. not want b. not wanting c. to not giving d. not to
16.I _______ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.
a. cannot but admit b. cannot help but to admit
c. cannot but admitting d. cannot help but admitting
17.Since she is angry, we ______.
a. had better leaving her alone b. should leave her alone
c. might as well leave her alone d. had rather leave her alone
18.I don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all.
a. to smoke…smoking b. smoking…to smoke
c. to smoke…to smoke d. smoking…smoking
19.You should remember ______ from the point when you are writing a composition.
a. don’t wander b. not to wander c. no wandering d. not wander
20.Grace advised us to withdraw ______.
a. so as to get not involved b. so as not to get involved
c. so that to get not involved d. as not to get involved
21.He ran all the way up to the station ______ that the train had left fifteen minutes before.
a. in order to find b. so as to find c. only to find d. such as to find
22.George went hunting for a week but still he didn’t find a room ______.
a. to live b. to live in c. for living d. to be living in
23.You should really avoid ______ at home alone as he is old and ill.
a. your father stay b. your father to stay
c. your father’s staying d. your father who stays
24.John didn’t want to risk ______ wet as he had only one suit.
a. getting b. to get c. being got d. to be gotten
25.I’m disappointed with the new officers elected in our club, but there is no point _______ about it.
a. to worry b. in worrying c. with us worrying d. if we worry
26.It won’t be any use ______ to borrow any more money.
a. you to try b. of your trying c. trying you d. your trying
27.The law requires all cars _______ for safety and efficiency.
a. being tested regularly b. to be regularly tested
c. be regularly tested d. regularly tested
28.I remember ______ to the zoo by my father when I was little.
a. being taken b. taking c. have been taken d. to have taken
29.I completely forgot ______ the front door last night and feel fortunate that nothing is stolen.
a. locking b. being locked c. to lock d. to have locked
30.I regret ______ you that your application has been refused.
a. informing b. being informed c. to be informed d. to inform
31.I didn’t mean ______ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldn’t resist ______ one.
a. to eat…trying b. to eat…o trying c. eating…to try d. eating…to trying
32.I know it isn’t important but I can’t help ______ about it.
a. but to think b. thinking c. think d. to think
33.The ship, ______ to a shapeless wreck, was hardly recognizable.
a. being reduced b. reducing c. reduced d. having been reducing
34.The young doctor could not sleep at night, his thoughts ______ him no peace.
a. gave b. giving c. being given d. to give
35.After a long walk on a hot day, one feels ______.
a. exhaustive b. exhausting c. exhaust d. exhausted
36.Those relatives of his are ______ . I don’t want to have any dealings with them.
a. boring people b. bored people
c. people having bored d. people having boring
37.You must follow the directions exactly and if you become ______, you must take the time to go back again and reread them.
a. to confuse b. confusing c. confuse d. confused
38.There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it ______.
a. checking b. check c. to check d. checked
39.He was just about to jump up when he felt something ______ near his feet.
a. to move b. move c. moving d. moved
40.______ with the corresponding period of last year, the output of chemical fibers in the first quarter rose by 15%.
a. Comparing b. To compare c. Compared d. Compare
41.“Was the rally successful?’
“No, because the number of ______ was smaller than we had expected.”
a. people who attend b. attended people
c. people attending d. attendance of people
42.Uncle Dick has already arrive. Do you expect ______ to see him?
a. Going b. go c. to go d. that you go
43.From the electric refrigerator Dick takes a carton of cream, another of fresh milk and a can of ______ orange juice.
a.frozen b. froze c. freezing d. freezed
44.He felt bad for ______ a chance to study abroad.
a. having not given b. not having given
c. having not been given d. not having been given
45.In some countries there are already a number of firms ______ computer programming.
a. specialize in b. specialized in c. specializing in d. specializes in
46.The young man who saw the car ______ into the river telephoned the police station.
a. plunge b. plunged c. was plunging d. to plunge
47.While she was shopping, she kept ______ the list to make sure she hadn’t forgotten anything.
a. checked b. checking c. to check d. check
48.You’d better ______.
a. to have your shoes mended b. to have mended your shoes
c. have your shoes mended d. having your shoes mended
49.The machines are made ______ at full speed.
a. work b. working c. to work d. to be worked
50.It is certain that men will never stop ______ new energy sources to power their growing industry.
a. finding b. to find c. having found d. found
51.It is really quite extraordinary that we should have been at the same college without ______ before.
a. met b. being met c. having met d. having been met
52.Professor Smith is said ______ another important discovery in chemistry.
a. having made b. having been made c. to have made d. to make
53.Without the sun’s light ______ the earth’s surface, it would be so cold that life could not exist on the earth.
a. warms b. warmed c. warming d. to warm
54.The rocket will weigh about 200 tons when ______.
a. being completed b. completed completing d. have been completed
55.There are plans ______ a number of atomic power station in this regions.
a. to build b. to be built c. building d. being built
56.All of us are looking forward to ______ a trip to the Ming Tombs.
a. make b. making c. to making d. have made
57.I can’t understand ______ a decision until it is too late.
a. him to postpone to make b. his postponing to make
c. him to postponing making d. his postponing making
58.I would like ______ that I don’t have a very high opinion of you.
a. to have you know b. have you know
c. to have your known d. having you know
59.I had intended ______ him while he was living at Aberdeen.
a. visiting b. visit c. to have visited d. having visited
60.Do you consider better _______ ?
a. not doing it again b. not do it again
c. not having done it again d. not to do it again
61.The famous scientist was easy _______ along with.
a. to get b. for getting c. getting d. got
62.The students will have more discussions like this in the weeks ______.
a. coming b. to come c. come d. to be coming
63.He felt lonely at first, but after a time he got ______ alone and even got ______ it.
a. used to living…to like b. used to live… to like
c. using to live…liking d. to be used to living…liking
64.Our master raised his voice so that the could make himself ______ by the pupils in the back of the hall.
a. hear b. heard c. hearing d. to be heard
65.When he awoke, he found himself ______ in the hospital and ______ by an old woman.
a. lying…being looked after b. lying…be looking after
c. lie…be looked after d. lie…being looked after
66.______ from the hill-top the lake scenery is beyond description.
a. To see b. Seeing c. Seen d. Having seen
67.______ in the strange forest, the poor girls fell to ______.
a. Lost…crying b. Lost…cry c. To lost…cry d. Having been lost…crying
68.They’ll have you ______ if you don’t pay your taxes.
a. to be arrested b. arrest c. arrested d. being arrested
69.All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.
a. having cancelled b. were cancelled
c. have been cancelled d. having been cancelled
70.Although it was very late when John began doing the job, he managed with his friend’s assistance, ______ before the building was locked.
a. to be finished b. being finished c. finishing d. to finish
71.Despite the earnest efforts of various private groups as well as government agencies, many of the problems have not yet been solved, and much remains to ______.
a. have been done b. be done c. have done d. do
72.______ that bad weather was on the way, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on Eiger until the following week.
a. Having told b. Being told c. Telling d. Having been told
73.Members of the Government itself acknowledge many of their predictions _______ wildly over-optimistic.
a. to be b. being c. to have been d. having been
74.The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard court.
a. objected to having b. objected to have
c. were objected to have d. were objected to having
75.The teacher doesn’t permit ______ in class.
a. smoke b. smoking c. to smoke d. to have smoke
76.I like watching TV ______ to the cinema.
a. more than to go b. more than going
c. than going d. rather than to go
77.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.
a. to be informed b. informed c. on informing d. informing
78.Mrs. Brown is supposed ______ for Italy last week.
a. to have left b. to leave c. to be leaving d. to have been left
79.Dorothy went to work quietly, ______ to work as hard as she could.
a. her mind being made up b. with her mind made up
c. with her mind making up d. he mind making up
80.Husband and wife with a common duty to the country will find themselves ______ closer together.
a. been drawn b. drawn c. to draw d. drawing
81.Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed ______ blown off the mountain.
a. to have been b. that it was c. to be d. that it had been
82.______ halfway through the exercise, the teacher changed his mind and collected all our papers.
a. When only being b. When we were only
c. Being only d. Having been
83.Some passengers are reading the morning paper, others are talking with one another, ______ nervously for the train.
a. to wait b. are waiting c. waiting d. being waited
84.There’s one thing I dislike about him: he will never admit ______ a mistake.
a. having made b. making c. being made d. have been made
85.Stan spent half a year ______ material for his new book.
a. to collect b. collect c. collecting d. collected
86.It’s no use ______ me not to worry.
a. you tell b. your telling c. for you to have told d. having told
87.The chairman insists that there be a meeting _______ within the shortest possible time.
a. to hold b. to be held c. to have been held d. to be holding
88.When the famous pianist was a child, he was accustomed ______ for several hours a day.
a. to practicing b. to practice c. to be practicing d. to have practiced.
89.In China hundreds of different dialects are spoken; people of some villages ______ themselves understood by the inhabitants of the next town.
a. making trouble have b. have making trouble
c. have trouble making d. trouble making have
90.It’s a wonderful place for anyone ______ in architecture, as you are.
a. interesting b. to be interested c. being interested d. interested
91.Another feature worth ______ is the role of information throughout a feedback control system..
a. noticed b. noticing c. being noticed d. notice
92.I believe ______ very largely due to mistaken views of the world.
a. this unhappiness are b. to be this unhappiness
c. this be unhappiness d. this unhappiness to be
93.When they met, Leonards and his enemy were fighting ______.
a. killed each other b. to kill each other
c. killing each other d. to be killed each other
94.Before the invention of aero-planes, ______ in the sky like a bird was only a dream.
a. men fly b. to fly c. for flying d. man flys
95.At last they succeeded ______ the job.
a. to persuade him to take b. in persuading him to take
c. to persuade him taking d. in persuading him taking
96.All that it does is ______ the place of a house wife.
a. takes b. taking c. take d. being taken
97.He listened to me ______ what Mr. Smith had said the day before.
a. to repeat b. to be repeated c. to repeating d. repeat
98.He could do little except ______.
a. writing b. write c. written d. to write
99.The electric shaver ______ before it can be used.
a. needs repairing b. requires to repair
b.should be in repair d. has to be repairable
100. ______ a problem requiring multiplication or division, the computer solves it by adding or subtracting.
a. Giving b. Having given c. Being given d. Given
101. You can fly to London this evening ______ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.
a. provided b. except c. unless d. so far as
102. Students from the south prefer _______.
a. eat rice than bread b. eating rice than bread
c. eating rice to eating bread d. eating rice to eat bread
103. Would you be ______ to help me with my luggage?
a. enough kind b. kind enough
c. too kind d. kind too
104. The father advise ______ the second-hand car.
a. his son to not buy b. his son not to buy
c. his son’s no buying d. that his son not to buy
105. “Do you intend to come with us?”
“Yes, ______.”
a. I intend so b. I intend that c. I intend to d. I intend
106. It takes a whole year for the earth ______ round the sun once.
a. traveling b. to travel c. traveled d. travels
107. The factory ______ next year will be one of the largest in this city.
a. to build b. to be built c. being built d. having been built
108. With the guide ______ the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.
a. leading b. led c. leads d. to lead
109. They got the work ______ before the rainy season set in.
a. to do b. done c. doing d. did
110. Things are known ______ when they unite with the oxygen of the air.
a. burning b. to burn c. burn d. being burning
111. He was thoroughly ashamed ______ so much money on such an ugly picture.
a. for spending b. with spending
c. to have spent d. of having spent
112. ______ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
a. To be free b. Freeing c. To free d. Freed
113. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ in broad daylight yesterday.
a. to be robbed b. robbed c. to have been robbed d. having been robbed
114. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ______ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.
a. to be deserted b. having deserted
c. to have been deserted d. having been deserted
115. “Where should I send my application?”
“The Personnel Office is the place ______.”
a. to sent it b. sent it to c. to send it to d. for sending it
116. The publisher will send you a specimen copy of their new book ______.
a. when it will be requested b. when they are requested
c. when requested d. when request it
117. R