当前位置: 东星资源网 > 作文大全 > 反问句 > 正文

whywouldi是反问句吗?

时间:2017-03-27 来源:东星资源网 本文已影响 手机版

篇一:英汉疑问句比较

xt">英汉疑问句比较

钢城十六中汪小青

摘要:英语和汉语疑问句虽然划分的标准不同,种类也不同,但有的却有着很齐整的对应关系。对于学习者来说汉语和英语两种语言的差异问题是影响他们学好疑问句的一个重要原因,本文在借鉴他人研究的基础上,结合两种语言的特点通过语序、疑问词、语调等几个方面的探讨对英汉疑问句作了一个简单的比较,指出两种疑问句所存在的差异和相同之处及形成原因,希望借此机会来给学习者一个参考,帮助他们学好疑问句,并供同仁们斧正。

关键词:英汉疑问句;语序;疑问词;比较

Abstract: English and Chinese interrogative sentence although divide standard different, the type is also different, but some has actually the very neat corresponding relations. Chinese and English two languages difference question as for the learner is affects them to learn the interrogative sentence an important reason, this article in profits from in the foundation which the predecessor studies, unified two languages the characteristics through the word order, the interrogative, the sentence accent and so on several aspects discussions selects it alone wanting to make a simple comparison to the English to Chinese interrogative sentence, pointed out two kind of interrogative sentences existed the difference and same place and formed the reason, hoped here gave the learner a reference, helped them to learn the interrogative sentence, and made corrections for study the kernels.

Key word: English to Chinese interrogative sentence; Word order; Doubt word; Comparason

前 言

疑问句是日常生活必不可少的一种交流句式之一,但因文化背景与语言的民族习惯等的不同,汉语疑问句和英语疑问句在表达的语言形式上即有相同之处,又存在着很多差异,这种差异给学生的学习带来很多干扰,本文不是对英汉疑问句作了一个全面具体的比较,而是结合两种疑问句谈一点自己的看法。

一.关于英汉疑问句语序的差异

汉语疑问句根据表示疑问形式的特点和语义情况,可以分为四类:是非问句、特指问句、选择问句和正反问句①。英语疑问句有四种:一般疑问句(GENERAL QUESTONN)、特殊疑问句(SPECIAL QUESTION)、选择疑问句(ALTERNATIVE QUESTION)、附加疑问句(TAG QUESTION)②,而在下面的附加疑问句中我们将主要说的是反意疑问句。

(一)汉语是非问句和英语一般疑问句

汉语疑问句的是非问句与英语疑问句的一般疑问句相当,二者一般是对整个命题的疑问,回答只能是对整个命题做肯定或否定的回答,但二者的语序不同。汉语是非问句的语序与陈述句相同,而英语一般疑问句需把系动词、助动词和情态动词放在主语之前,也就是说主语和谓语动词要互换位置。例如:

?Are we going to stay here?

我们要一直呆在这儿吗?

? May I go with you?

我可以和你一起走吗?

? Do you like to play tennis?

你喜欢打网球吗?

? Have you finished your paper?

你完成你的作文了吗?

从上面的四个例子中我们就可以看出无论是哪一个英语疑问句都是将作用词置于

─────────────────────────

①《现代汉语》黄伯荣 廖序东 ,高等教育出版社,2002年,第112页

《实用英语语法》 张道真, 商务印书馆,1990年,第381-381页 ②

主语之前,也就是说将主语和谓语的位置进行了对换,而汉语却无需这样。

(二)汉语的特指问句与英语的特殊疑问句相当,但语序也有区别

1.汉语的特指问句的语序与陈述句相同,而英语特殊疑问句除问主语和修饰主语的定语时语序与陈述句相同外,其他语序都与陈述句语序相反,例如:

第一种情况,对主语发问:

? What is your name?

你叫什么?

? What is the population of this country?

这个国家有多少人口?

? Who could do the things like he?

谁能像他那样做哪些事?

第二种情况,对修饰主语的定语发问:

? Which of you would like to go with me?

你们中间那一位愿意和我一块去?

?Whose father is a teacher in your class?

在你们班谁的父亲是老师?

? Which book is the most expensive on the desk?

桌子上的书哪一本最贵?

第三种情况,对其他成分的发问:

? What does her sister look like?

他姐姐什么样子?

?When shall we meet again ?

我们什么时候再见?

? How long are you going to stay here?

你打算在这里呆多久?

? Which of these novels do you like best?

这些小说你最喜欢哪一本?

2.汉语特指问句的语序与英语特殊疑问句不同,而且二者的疑问词的位置也不相同。汉语特指问句和英语特殊疑问句或由它所组成的短语有“谁” “什么” “多少” “哪” “怎么”等,英语中有“what” “why” “who” “when”“where” “whose”等。汉语特指问句中疑问代词、或由他组成的短语不一定总在句首。例如:

? 你怎么不进去说说?

? 你在他家做什么?

? 明天早晨什么时候出发啊?

但是,英语特殊疑问句中疑问代词一般都在句首。例如:

? What dose your city look like?

? How many pairs of shoes are there under the bed?

? Which is her husband?

? When can I move into the apartment?

3.在日常生活中,无论是英语的特殊疑问句还是汉语的特指问句都有省略式,二者的省略形式既有相同之处又有不同之处。

在英语特殊疑问句中,省略形式有:

A .只用疑问代词③

?(She said her sister married)What?

? (I’ve just seen Mary ) Where?

? (My father went to Beijing for work )When?

B. 疑问句+主动词或其他成分④

? (I can’t hear her )Who can?

? (Tomorrow you must take the book that I said )What book?

C. 疑问句+介词或介词+疑问句⑤

?(The desk was broken yesterday )By whom?

? (I heard that Xiao ma was fired) What for?

在汉语特指问句中除了有英语特殊疑问句所拥有的3种形式外,如:

?(我看见她了) 谁?

───────────────

③④⑤[转引] 《江南学院学报》的《英汉疑问句比较研究》,1998年第三卷第三期,第95-96页

?(你把那件衣服拿走吧) 哪一件?

?(她今天不能去了) 因为什么?

还有一种是英语中所没有的,那就是“呢”字问句,汉语特指问句部分可以省略成“呢”字句。如:

?(我的雨伞在家里)你的呢?

?(我买红的他买蓝的)你呢?

?(我们明天去野生动物园吧)明天下雨呢?

4.在英语特殊疑问句中,有一种以疑问词开头的复杂特殊疑问句,常用于日常的谈话中。当问话者征询对方对某事的看法或请求时可以用此类疑问句。

第一,带插入语的英语疑问句,虽有插入语的介入,但在句子性质上仍属于特殊疑问句,因此拒收但此不能用Do you think /suppose/believe/propose 等中的Do 而应使用特殊疑问词。例如:

? When do you think he will come?

你认为他什么时候来?

? Why do you suppose he is so healthy?

你认为他为什么能这么健康?

第二, 特殊疑问句结构要求特殊疑问词后边用疑问式倒装语序,但在增加了插入语后,特殊疑问句的内容不再是原来的内容了,而是插入语,素以插入语应使用疑问句式倒装语序⑥。

? What do you believe he will do?

你认为它会做什么?

? Who do you think has stolen your pen?

你认为谁投了你的笔?

第三,插入语虽然不是句子不可缺少的内容,但因其解,原来的特殊疑问句的结构还是造成一定的影响,插入语后应视为宾语从句,采用陈述语序,而疑问词可在宾语从句中充当不同的成分⑦。

篇二:一般疑问句

>一对一课程辅导讲义

讲义编号 2011暑假

一、概念一般说来,英语中共有四种问句,分别是一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意义疑问句。

能用___________________回答的问句叫一般疑问句。

二、构成

1. 含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成

就是当陈述句中有___________________________时,可直接将它们提至主语前,但如遇第_______人称,最好换成第______________人称。如:

I'm in Class 2, Grade 1. →______________ in Class 2, Grade 1? 你是在一年级二班吗?

2 含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成

情态动词回顾:情态动词虽有一定含义,但必须(转载自:www.dXf5.cOm 东星资源网:whywouldi是反问句吗?)和动词一起构成谓语,情态动词没有人称和数的变化(have to除外),我们学过的情态动词有:can could may must have to will shall should would need等。

情态动词与am / is / are一样,可直接将它们提至主语前。如:

I can spell it. →Can you spell it? 你会拼写它吗?

3 含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成

将动词分解为_______和__________,并将__________提前。有时陈述句中的some还要变作等。如:

She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京吗?

I like English. →Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk?

4. 一般疑问句的应答

用yes / no(或相当于yes / no的词)回答,并怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词am / is / are还是do /does),简略回答时要注意缩写(否定的n't)和采用相应的人称代词以避免重复:即"Yes,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或do / does."表示肯定;"No,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或者do / does not(n't)."表示否定。如:

① -Is Mary a Japanese girl? 玛丽是日本女孩吗?

-_______________________. / _________________________ 是的,她是。/不,她不是。② -Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉会说中国话吗?

-________________________. / ___________________. 不,她不会。/对不起,我不知道。③ -Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

-________________________. 是的,非常喜欢。

二、形容词和副词讲解(二)

1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型:

1)在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加er,est。

(1)一般情况在词尾加。如:hard harder hardest

(2)以字母e结尾的只加。如:large larger largest

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先改为 ,再加 。如:healthy healthier healthiest

(4)单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节,先,再加 。如:thin thinner thinnest

注:词尾为ow,er,le结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如:

narrow

clever

simple

2)在多音节和部分双音节词的词前加more,most。另外,由过去分词转化而成的形容词,不论多少个音节都用这种形式。如:

seriouspopular tiredpleased

3)不规则变化:

good/well bad/ill/badly

many/much little

far

old

4.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1)同级比较。常用句型为:

肯定结构:as+形容词(副词)原级+ as

否定结构:not so (as)+形容词(副词)原级+as如: Our garden is as beautiful as theirs.

Jane didn't write as/so carefully as her elder sister.

上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语,如:This room is three times as large as that one.

2)程度不等的比较,常与than连用,其基本句型是: A+形容词(副词)比较级+ than B

如:

Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. Which do you like better, strawberries or grapes?

3)最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,其结构是:

the+形容词(副词)最高级+比较范围(of/among/in短语) 如: Spring is the best season in Shanghai.

David is the cleverest among the three brothers. Tom jumps (the) farthest of all the students.

注:副词的最高级前the可以省略。

5.学习比较等级时的—些注意事项

1)比较的对象应当一致。如:

It's hotter in Guangzhou than Beijing.(误)

It's hotter in Guangzhou than in Beijing.(正)

A woman's heart beats faster than a man.(误)

A woman's heart beats faster than a man’s.(正)

2)不能与自身相比较。应借助other或else来表达排除。

如:

Beckham is more popular than any football player in the world.(误) Beckham is more popular than any other football player in the world(正)

Beckham is more popular than all the other football players in the world.(正) Beckham is more popular than any football player, else in the world.(正) Beckham is the most popular football player in the world.(正)

3)形容词和副词的比较级前可以用以下单词来修饰:much, even, far, a bit, a little, a lot,still等。

This pair of shoes is even cheaper.

The new textbook is a little thicker than the old one.

He is five years younger than I.

4)在比较级的句子中出现“of the two”之类的结构时,比较级前也需加定冠词the。如: He is the shorter of the two boys.

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

5)“比较级+ and+比较级”结构,表示“越来越……”,多音节词则要用“more+

and+more+原级”。如:

A block of ice is becoming smaller and smaller.

I am more and more interested in history.

6)“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,表示“越是……就越”。如:

The sooner, the better.(越快越好。)

The busier he is, the happier he feels.

篇三:疑问句和冠词

errogatives

一、一般疑问句的构成

助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+…?

1. 概念

能用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句叫一般疑问句。

2. 含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成

具体地说,就是当陈述句中有am /is / are时,可直接将它们提至主语前,但如遇第一人称,最好将其置换成第二人称。如:

I'm in Class 2, Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2, Grade 1? 你是在一年级二班吗?

3. 含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成

一般疑问句面前人人平等:情态动词与am / is / are一样,也可直接将它们提至主语前,所以问题迎刃而解了。如:

I can spell it. →Can you spell it? 你会拼写它吗?

4. 含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成

含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成稍微有点讲究,要在句首加do;如逢主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词为一般现在时单数第三人称形式"v-(e)s"时,奉does为座上宾并要变回原形(如has→have,likes→like等);有时陈述句中的some还要变作any等。如: She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京吗?

I like English. →Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk?

5. 少数口语化的一般疑问句

如问一个与前文相同的问句时,可省略成"And you?"或"What / How about...?"等;甚至只抓关键词,读作升调。如:Your pen? 你的钢笔?

6. 小插曲:一般疑问句的语调

大部分的一般疑问句都应读作升调(↗),并落在最后一个单词身上。如:Is it a Chinese car↗?

7. 一般疑问句的应答

用yes / no(或相当于yes / no的词)回答,并怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词am / is / are还是do /does),简略回答时要注意缩写(否定的n't)和采用相应的人称代词以避免重复:即"Yes,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或do / does."表示肯定;"No,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或者do / does not(n't)."表示否定。如:

① -Is Mary a Japanese girl? 玛丽是日本女孩吗?

-Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. 是的,她是。/不,她不是。

② -Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉会说中国话吗?

-No, she can't. / Sorry, I don't know. 不,她不会。/对不起,我不知道。

③ -Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

-Yes, very much. 是的,非常喜欢。

二、 特殊的疑问词。

特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头,询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。我们学过的疑问词有who,what,which,when,where,why,how等

what(询问事物) , what time (询问时间,尤其是点钟), what kind of(询问种类), why(询问原因),who(询问人), where(询问地点)

how(如何)how much(询问价格)how many(询问数量)how far(空间地理距离) how long(时间 长度)how often(频率<多久>)等。如:

—What is this? 这是什么?

—It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。

—How much is it? 这个多少钱?

—It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。

—What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影?

—I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。

特殊的语序。

特殊疑问句由疑问词开头,其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如:

What time is it? 现在几点钟?

Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?

特殊的答语。

特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答,而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如: — What time is it, please? 请问几点了?

— It's 7:30. 七点半了。

— Where are they? 他们在哪儿?

—They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。

—What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么?

—English. 英语。

特殊的语调。

一般情况下,特殊疑问句要用降调(↘)来读。如:

Who's ↘that?

How old is↘Jack?

三、反问疑问句

反问疑问句由陈述句+附加疑问句 构成,需要用“是”或“否”来回答。

陈述句表示肯定时,附加疑问句用否定

陈述句表示否定时,附加疑问句用肯定

反义疑问句的答语是针对于陈述部分,回答时在形式上前后要一致,但当陈述句是否定句 时,yes要翻译成“不”,no要翻译成“是的”。

He wasn’t here the day before yesterday, was he? 前天他不在这,是吗?

Yes, he was. 不,他在。 No, he wasn’t. 是的,他不在。

简要总结反意疑问句19条:

1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.

I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?

2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。

I wish to have a word with you, may I?

3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。

The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

He must be a doctor, isn't he?

You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。

What colours, aren't they?

What a smell, isn't it?

12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

Everything is ready, isn't it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:

a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:

He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

I don't think he is bright, is he?

We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。

Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)

Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?

He dare not say so, dare you?

当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。

Don't do that again, will you?

Go with me, will you / won't you ?

注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?

Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

There will not be any trouble, will there?

19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

It is impossible, isn't it?

He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

UNIT 4

Articles

英语两类冠词:定冠词the 和不定冠词a,an

一、不定冠词的用法

不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。

"a"用在以辅音开头的词前,"an"用在以元音(a,o,e,i,u)开头的词前。 判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母。

1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示"一"

There is a tiger in the zoo.

动物园里有一只老虎。

2. 表示一类人和东西

A tiger can be dangerous.

老虎可能有危害性。

3. 表示"某一个"的意思

A gentleman wants to see you.

有一位先生要见你。

4. 表示"同一"的意思

They are nearly of an age.

他们几乎同岁。

The two shirts are much of a size.

这两件衬衫大小差不多。

5. 表示"每一"的意思

We go swimming four times a week.

我们每周去游泳四次。

6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业

My mother is a teacher.

我妈妈是教师。

7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个

Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.

很久很久以前,有一个年老的国王,他有一个非常美丽的女儿。

8. 在英国英语中,以"h"开头的多音节词,如第一个音节不重读,其前亦可用"an" There is a hotel near here.

这附近有一家旅馆。

9. 在such a,quite a句式中

He is quite a good actor.

他是一个相当好的演员。

Don't be in such a hurry.

不要如此匆忙。

10. 在感叹句 what...的句式中

What a pretty girl she is!

她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀!

用在某些表示数量的词组中:

a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打(但也可以用 one dozen) a great deal of 大量

标签:问句 whywouldi 反问句的作用 反问句大全