Abstract.With the preparation of the information application system of the stadiums and the development of application, wireless network technology is applied to carry out the information reform on the traditional sports stadiums, which has the characteristics of low costs and good effect. Setting foot from the sports management information system construction, this paper pays close attention to the development construction process of the intelligence sports stadiums and the technology reform brought by the wireless network. In addition, it briefly analyzes the reference technology schemes for traditional stadiums to make intelligence and information reforms.
Key words: Intelligence stadium; wireless network technology; information improvements
1.Introduction
Currently the construction of the sports stadium in our country has entered into the stage of high speed construction. There are great deals of cities that are constructing the sports stadiums. A modern stadium is a place or venue for outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event. Dome stadiums are distinguished from conventional stadiums by their enclosing roofs. Many of these are not actually domes in the pure architectural sense, some being better described as vaults, some having truss-supported roofs, and others having more exotic designs such as a temerity structure. But, in the context of sports stadiums, the term "dome" is standard for all covered stadiums. Some stadiums have partial roofs, and a few have even been designed to have moveable fields as part of the infrastructure. Even though enclosed, dome stadiums are called stadiums because they are large enough for, and designed for, what are generally considered to be outdoor sports. Those designed for what are usually indoor sports are generally called arenas. They are not only the sports facilities, but also the cultural facilities. The sports stadiums that are equipped with fine information basis can not only satisfy the requirements of the sports competitions of large scale and high specifications, but also promote the operation management and the specification construction of other comprehensive services. It is as well the symbol of a country with high sports information levels.
2.Intelligence Construction and Intelligence Stadiums
Intelligent sports stadium is a kind of the intelligent construction. Based on “The Design Standard of Intelligent Building”(GB/T 50314 2000), several key points which shall be cleared and mastered in the design standard of communication network system and building automation system, including the function, control and interface were expounded. This Standard is applicable to the design of intelligent systems in newly-built, extended and re-built civil buildings, like the offices, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, media buildings, PE buildings, hospitals, schools, transportation and residential buildings, and general industrial buildings. The intelligent system design of intelligent buildings shall aim to enhance the scientific and technical functions of buildings and improve the utilization value of buildings, be based on the functional categories, management requirements and construction investment of buildings and feature extensibility, openness and flexibility. The engineering design of intelligent buildings, besides this standard, shall meet provisions in relevant current national standards. The main stadium for sports events and sports services, their business application platform, including integrated management system, the corresponding game, players log in and race results distribution system, the track end camera system, Electronic Scoring system, the movement around the game must be equipped with digital, intelligent system equipment. The part of the configuration must be combined with different features and sports venues and sports management professionals, communication experts, to identify needs. Similarly, the part of the management with the future operator of the stadium is configured to communicate. Although China has related stadium architectural design standards, but as technology development, function venues, there are many new improvements, this is the test of Intelligent System. Best left to the market intelligence needs to determine, by a professional consulting firm resolve, so that individual experts invited more than a scientific, standard and reasonable. Therefore, standard systems should include: complex technological requirements of standards, design specifications, engineering test specifications and completion acceptance.
There are great differences between the unique application functions and the characteristics of the intelligent stadiums and the general intelligent construction. In the first place, there are great differences on the stresses. With the widespread adoption of digital technologies there will be a profound change in how we communicate with others. Even how, in our homes, we shop for goods and services, receive news, manage our finances, learn about the world, and, conduct business, manage resources, find entertainment, and maintain independence and autonomy as we enter old age. These activities increasingly take place in the home. As our perception of banks, shops, universities, communities, and cities change in response to new technologies, so home building management systems are taking on an extraordinary new importance. As it exists today the home cannot meet these demands or take advantage of new opportunities created by social and technological changes. Most people live in spaces poorly tailored to their needs. In the construction and application, the sports intelligent system shows the integrity performance, which is equipped with the characteristics of “intelligent integration, multimedia performance, and expansion and innovation application”.
3.Wireless communication technology and Intelligent Stadiums
3.1.The intelligent reformation of the stadiums
With the development of the information technology, information recreation has been done on the exited stadiums. It is an important task of the sports management information work. The basic characteristic of the intelligent stadiums as well as its advantages laid in the internet communications of the information.
Wireless telecommunications is the transfer of information between two or more points that are not physically connected. Distances can be short, such as a few meters for television remote control, or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometres for deep-space radio communications. It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable two-way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, and wireless networking. Other examples of wireless technology include 3G units, Garage door openers or garage doors, wireless computer mice, keyboards and Headset, headphones, radio receivers, satellite television, broadcast television and cordless telephones. Wireless operations permit services, such as long range communications, that are impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems. If the amount of data is not large enough, the way of 3G can be adopted to get direct access to the network. Data communications can be used as well.
3.2.The wireless technology applied in the stadium reformation
As the wireless local area technology that is most adaptive to the scope of the stadium, 54M data transmission band width of IEEE802.11g can realize the rapid data communications in the scope of the stadium.
The IEEE802.11 of the wireless local area technology started in November, 1993. The IEEE802.11 committee puts forward the “Distributed Foundation Wireless Media Access Control”, which is short for DFWMAC. The basic starting point is CSMA／CA. Wireless local area networks are the same as the traditional LAN but they have a wireless interface. With the introduction of small portable devices such as personal digital assistants, the WLAN technology is becoming very popular. WLANs provide high speed data communication in small areas such as a building or an office. It allows users to move around in a confined area while they are still connected to the network. In 3th, June in the year 1997, IEEE has passed the standard of 802.11b. Then in the early stage of July, 2003, 802.11g has been passed. After that the wireless local area technology has been widely applied.
3.3.The existing difficulties of the applied wireless technology for the stadium
Being influenced by all kinds of objective conditions, the application of wireless technologies during the process of stadium reformation, there are all kinds of difficulties.
The stability problem: the effect of the wireless information transmission is being influenced by the construction structure and the exterior environment, which is quite large.
The network capacity and the loading problem: technical standards are one of the main concerns of users of wireless local area products. Users would like to be able to buy wireless products from different manufacturers and be able to use them on one network. Because of their limited mobility and short transmission range, wireless LANs can be used in confined areas such as a conference room. Therefore they transmit information on the ISM band. But with this frequency band, users can experience interference from other sources using this band.
Roaming problem: in wireless telecommunications, roaming is a general term referring to the extension of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was registered. Roaming ensures that the wireless device is kept connected to the network, without losing the connection. Traditional roaming is defined as the ability for a cellular customer to automatically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or access other services, including home data services, when travelling outside the geographical coverage area of the home network, by means of using a visited network. This can be done by using a communication terminal or else just by using the subscriber identity in the visited network. Roaming is technically supported by mobility management, authentication, authorization and billing procedures.
4.The Stadium Information Reformation based on the Wireless Communication Technology
Table 1: comparisons on intelligent stadiums and wireless reformation stadiums
Different sports require fields of different size and shape. Some stadiums are designed primarily for a single sport while others can accommodate different events, particularly ones with retractable seating. The most common multiple use design combines a football pitch with a running track, a combination which generally works fairly well, although certain compromises must be made. The major drawback is that the stands are necessarily set back a good distance from the pitch, especially at the ends of the pitch. In the case of some smaller stadiums, there are not stands at the ends. When there are stands all the way around, the stadium takes on an oval shape. When one end is open, the stadium has a horseshoe shape. All three configurations are common, especially in the case of American college football stadiums. Rectangular stadiums are more common in Europe, especially for football where many stadiums have four often distinct and very different stands on the four sides of the stadium. These are often all of different sizes and designs and have been erected at different periods in the stadium"s history. The vastly differing character of European football stadiums has led to the growing hobby of ground hopping where spectators make a journey to visit the stadium for itself rather than for the event held there.
A Wireless Distribution System enables the wireless interconnection of access points. It allows a wireless network to be expanded using multiple access points without the need for a wired backbone to link them, as is traditionally required. All base stations in a wireless distribution system must be configured to use the same radio channel. They can be configured to different service set identifiers. It also requires that every base station be configured to forward to others in the system. It may also be referred to as repeater mode because it appears to bridge and accept wireless clients at the same time. It should be noted; however, that throughput in this method is halved for all clients connected wirelessly. When it is difficult to connect all of the access points in a network by wires, it is also possible to put up access points as repeaters. It meets with the design concept of the modern times.
5.References
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