Abstract. As a part of college teaching management, the humanistic management in ideological and political teaching comes from the modern humanistic education philosophy. The research plays an important role on how to respect the individual differences and characteristics of students, make innovations on the management mechanism, build an accelerative internal evaluation system that is beneficial to the healthy development of students and actively develop the potentials of students. These would allow the students to find the realization of self-values and the existence of personal forces in the studies and lives.
Key words: Ideological and political; teaching; humanistic management
1. Theoretical Basis of Humanistic Management in Ideological and Political Teaching in Colleges
College ideological education sets forth from educating the students to have deep love for the motherland, the Communist Party, the people and the socialism. It has educated the people in patriotism, collectivism and socialism. In terms of the humanistic management in the ideological and political teaching in colleges, modern humanistic education philosophy has to be mentioned. Humanism has been mentioned early in philosophy. Considering the circumstance, modern humanistic education philosophy arises with the times. Humanistic education is an approach to education based on the work of humanistic psychologists. The approach seeks to engage the whole person, including the intellect, feeling life, social capacities, artistic and practical skills. These are all important focuses for growth and development. Important objectives include developing self-esteem, ability to set and achieve appropriate goals, and development toward full autonomy. The humanistic approach focuses a great deal on student choice and control over the course of their education. Students are encouraged to make choices that range from day-to-day activities to periodically setting future life goals. This allows for students to focus on a specific subject of interest for any amount of time they choose, within reason. Humanistic teachers believe it is important for students to be motivated and engaged in the material they are learning, and this happens when the topic is something the students need and wants to know. In the first place, every individual in the society is an integration that cannot be separated. Research on human beings should be taken from the entire condition. In the second place, every individual has his or her own unique desires and wishes. They are equipped with unique abilities and experience.
Through the sustainable efforts by scholars and the followers, modern humanistic education philosophy gradually becomes mature in the contemporary time and forms into a system of its own. Scholars on modern humanistic education philosophy pay special attention to the cultivation of the self-awareness of the students. On the aspect of curriculum setting, a large amount of abstract and pure knowledge introduction is objected. Instead, the connection between classroom learning and the actual life of students are paid more attention to. It takes as the objective the “abilities and requirements of human beings, and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude”. Humanistic educators believe that both feelings and knowledge are important to the learning process. Unlike traditional educators, humanistic teachers do not separate the cognitive and affective domains. This aspect also relates to the curriculum in the sense that lessons and activities provided focus on various aspects of the student and not just rote memorization through note taking and lecturing. Humanistic education tends to focus on the felt concerns and interests of the students intertwining with the intellect. It is believed that the overall mood and feeling of the students can either hinder or foster the process of learning. Use such teaching methods as are best adapted to the students on the curriculum setting. Closely relate to the professional basis, the learning habits, the life experience and the social condition of the learners. Modern humanistic education philosophy takes the students as the centre. It makes explorations on the new ways for students to realize socialization. Ideological and political teaching in colleges shall try to adapt to the requirements of the students, making them learn with pleased and creative mood. In terms of relationship between teachers and students, the modern humanistic education philosophy stresses that education should take students as the centre and individual organization of students are objected.
Humanistic management in ideological and political teaching is a part of college teaching management. It comes from the modern humanistic education philosophy.
2. Theoretical Analysis of Humanistic Management in Ideological and Political Teaching in Colleges
2.1. Humanistic management and psychological identification
Ideological and political teaching is an important composite part in college morality education. It is the major channel for university students to carry out ideological and political education. It is as well the compulsory course for all of the college students. Human beings are the important factor in the process of realizing modernizations. It will be impossible to realize the modernization of all things. Therefore, choosing effective ways for ideological and political education to promote the modernization of human beings is the strong assurance for our country to realize the cause of building socialist modernizations. Meanwhile, human beings" modernization is also the key to deeply guiding ideological and political education. Ideological and political education is the practice of humanistic concern instead of mere instruction. It is different from the traditional ways of ideological and political education, which put more emphasis on instruction. Ideological and political education won"t fully display its advantage of humanistic concern until humanism, personality, human life and happiness are taken into consideration and the notion of respecting, and understanding and concerning human are carried out. Let the students interested in the ideological and political teaching not just for the sake of examinations. The teachers should finish the teaching tasks by following the prescribed order. In addition to this, the teachers should believe in the students and care for the students. Care the students as if they are their parents. Pay attention to the requirements and feelings of the students. Respect their personality development and have their potentials and values shown.
2.2. Key to ensure success of teaching
It is the key to ensure the success of teaching. Education is the harmonious development of the souls of both the teachers and students. In terms of influences, it is the spiritual creation process that influences and appreciation affects each other. It is the creation of heart to heart. Teachers should respect the students in the process of teaching, allowing the students to learn actively in class. We don"t always get our hopes and dreams, and we don"t always get our own way. But don"t give up hope, because you can make a difference, one situation and one person at a time. Look for the beauty around you, in nature, in others, in yourself, and believe in the love of friends, family, and humankind. You can find love in a smile or a helping hand, in a thoughtful gesture or a kind word. Appreciate every little progress of students and praise every little success of the students. The recreation of the mental world of a person should take the flexible connection of principles and flexibility as the major line. Give love in life along with the joy, happiness, patience, and understanding. Believe in the goodness of others and remember that anger and depression can be countered by love and hope. Even when you feel as though there isn"t a lot you can do to change unhappiness or problems, you can always do a little-and a little at a time eventually makes a big difference. Make clear the principles. The method is flexible. Grasp the degree and do the job with skills and ease.
3. Realization Ways of Humanistic Management in Ideological and Political Teaching in Colleges
3.1. Stable system framework and firm and effective execution
In economics, there is a concept of “Path dependence”. It explains how the set of decisions one faces for any given circumstance is limited by the decisions one has made in the past, even though past circumstances may no longer be relevant. Path dependence can refer to either outcome at a single moment in time or to long run equilibria of a process. When talking about the humanistic management in ideological and political teaching in colleges, we suppose that the college should have a set of perfect systems. Only in this way can the path dependence not lose its way. From this perspective, the teaching requirements of ideological and political teaching can be higher and the difficulties can be larger. Under this circumstance, special attention should be paid by the schools and the Party. It is a new task for the ideological and political educators and education managers to push the transformation of ideological education on the internet to the question of online regular ideological education. Therefore, measures must be carried out to explore the inner features development of internet culture, the psychological actions of internet ideological education objects, and the contradictions of online ideological education work so as to construct the principle system of online ideological and political education for better effect of ideological and political education online and better development of internet culture. On the other hand, although the ideological and political teaching has specific political functions and political requirements, teaching links and teaching process that are practical and effective should be as well taken so as to play its political function and realize its political requirements.
3.2. “Personality charm” of teachers is the software requirement of humanity in ideological and political teaching
Great learning makes a teacher; moral integrity makes a model. It is quite important for teachers to have noble morality, amazing talents and deep accumulation. The infection power of character is thus formed. As the teachers for ideological and political course, they shall pay attention to the improvement of self-levels and qualities. The teachers should enable students to master firm basic theory of the respective discipline, systematic specialty knowledge, master corresponding skills, techniques and related know-how, and acquire capabilities for the practical work and scientific research work of the respective specialty. The education should enable students to master firm and broad basic theory, systematic and in-depth specialty knowledge and corresponding skills and techniques, and acquire capabilities for independent creative scientific research work and practical work of the respective discipline. As for the teachers, if there is no corresponding theoretical basis and knowledge structure, accurate evaluations on the learning and living conditions of the students as well as the ideological condition cannot be made. Organize teaching activities, scientific research and ideological and moral education. Citizens who abide by the Constitution and laws, ardently love the educational cause, have good ideology and moral character, have an educational background of graduation of post graduate course or graduates of regular college course and have corresponding educational and teaching capabilities may, upon confirmation of being qualified, acquire the qualification of teachers of institutions of higher learning. If the teachers cannot find the existing problems and have no idea about the theories the students need and social key problems that the students care about, they are unable to do what one wants very much to do under this circumstance. This should strengthen learning, improve the qualities and cultivate the temperament from the fundamental aspect. From knowledge levels to treatment with things and people, the teachers should get improvements and make himself as an example. Manage the students with the infection power of character.
3.3.The humanistic measures in ideological and political teaching process
Chen Zhi-li points out that the ideological and political education work today cannot solve problems merely by the ordinary appeals. There is general character as well as individuality on the problems that students face. On the general character, it mainly refers to the requirements in the process of growing up. However, due to the actual circumstance of social diversification, more problems are shown on the individuality. Ideological and political education, in essence, is carried out through activities aimed at human development. It is a typical discipline of humanities marked by human concerns. Construct of its content system is hierarchical in nature. It is a process from the low to the high, from the surface to the deep, embracing elements from concerns with the most basic needs of human beings to guidance of the human mind towards the ultimate pursuit. Handle the relation between moral, vocational moral education generality and individual character correctly. Strengthen the research of the moral education method of the job. Grasp the new characteristics and new circumstances of the college students as well as the problems of individuality difference of the students. From the perspective of promoting the comprehensive and healthy development of the students, build a teaching management system that is more perfect, with richer teaching content and more comprehensive examinations.
The modern education thoughts tell us that only by activating the learning activity and creativity of the students can the spirits be cultivated in the process of exploration, questioning and researching. On ideological and political teaching, teachers shall base on the actual circumstance. care about people"s well-being in ideological and political education should aim at human development from the perspectives of attending to human needs, meeting the human needs, up-grading the spirit, enriching the mind, awakening the ego, shaping the personality, fostering ethical ideas, building up the spiritual realm, and guiding the ultimate concern as well. They should .Persuade through reasoning. Only by reasoning can we convince people completely. Try to improve the teaching effect with inspirations, discussion and case teaching.
1)In the first place, actively make explorations on the teaching method that can adapt to the scheme of new curriculum. Relieve the students from the traditional teaching of “injection”, which could make the ideological and political teaching more active.
2)In the second place, change the traditional teaching method and ways into the modern teaching method such as multimedia teaching. Try to improve the modernization level of the teaching methods of ideological and political teaching.
3)In the third place, actively improve the examination way. Previously the closed book examinations take the main role. It pays attention to the knowledge examination. Change it into the comprehensive examinations, which include closed book examination and open book examination, oral examination and written examination, ordinary homework and final test, as well as the theoretical morality cognition and the actual manifestation. The comprehensive examinations pay attention to the examination on abilities and qualities.
The ideological and political qualities of the students should be taken into consideration, not to mention the development rules of the teenagers at the contemporary society. The target of ideological and political education of strong operation performance shall be formulated according to the cultivation objectives of the college, the ideological and political qualities of the students as well as the development rules of the teenagers at the contemporary society. Our Party and state attached great importance to the issue of the ideological and political education of college students, how to achieve the goal much better, and train constructors and successors for socialism with Chinese characteristics for the state have always been explored by education workers and researchers. The ultimate goal should be those educated under the guidance of education, internalize the ideological and moral requirements of society to the moral sentiments of their own. Put forward requirements that are specific and clear from multiple aspects such as mental qualities, political qualities, ideological qualities and mental qualities and so on. We cannot ignore a single aspect and try to cultivate the qualified talents which develop comprehensively.
4. References
[1] Wei wen-cai.《brief discussion on the humanistic management of college students, business situation》； 2010
[2] Shen zheng-yuan.《on the modern humanist educational thoughts and its enlighteument》；《elementary and secondary education in foreign countries》； 2002
[3] Chen xiong-zhen.《brief analysis on the effect of active phychology in school mental health education》；《nan fang lun kan》； 2009.