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高中英语语法全套教案及配套练习----动词不定式
高中英语语法全套教案及配套练习----动词不定式

动词不定式
动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志,词义。不定式名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
常见的如表所示(物动词do为例),不及物动词被动语态。
时态\\语态 被动
式 to do to be done
式 to be doing /
式 to have done to have been done
式 to have been doing /
7.1 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语,大致上有三种情况。
1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为动词+不定式。例如:
afford aim agree arrange ask decide
bother care choose demand desire determine
elect endeavor hope fail help learn
long 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretend
refuse tend undertake expect hate intend
例如:
  The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能看见另一辆车。
   He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:
ask choose expect help beg intend
like/love need prefer prepare want wish
例如:
   I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都整洁。
   I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都整洁。
   I want to speak to Tom.  我想和汤姆谈话。
   I want you to speak to Tom.  我想让你和汤姆谈话。  
3) 有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如:
decide know consider forget learn remember
show, wonder find out tell inquire explain
例如:
  Please show us how to do that. 请演示给如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can\'t make up my mind which to buy.
有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪

7.2 不定式作补语
1) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:
advise allow cause challenge command compel
drive 驱使 enable encourage forbid force impel
induce instruct invite like/love order permit
make let have want get warn
persuade request send tell train urge
例如;
Father will not allow us to play on the street.  父亲不让在街上玩耍。      
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达,也表达正在分词表达被动。
2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式可以省去。例如:
consider find believe think declare(声称) appoint
guess fancy(设想) guess judge imagine know
例如:
We believe him to be guilty. 相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 知道他是个笨蛋。(to be 省去)
典型例题
   Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer. 
A. to invent B. inventing  C. to have invented  D. having invented 
答案:C. consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构,也consider+宾语+doing的结构,排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时,要求用不定式的式,故选C。
3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如:
believe expect intend like love mean
prefer want wish understand
例如:
  We didn\'t expect there to be so many people there. 没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让一场战争吧。

7.3 不定式作主语
不定式作主语,往往用it作主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
  例如:It\'s so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It\'s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
  It\'s very kind of you to help us. 他帮助,他真好。
  It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给任何东西,这显得太自私了。
,用不定式作主语的句子中还有不定式作表语时,用It is… to…的句型。的句子,用动名词作表语。例如:
(对)To teach is to learn.
(错)It is to learn to teach.
(错)To teach is learning.
(错)Teaching is to learn.
典型例题
 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. 
 A. sit  B. sit on  C. be seat  D. be sat on
答案:B. 不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时,常位于\"形容词+动词不定式\"结构的末尾。

7.4 It\'s for sb.和 It\'s of sb.
的句子中,表语形容词性质的不同,了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1)for sb. 句型中的形容词为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:
   It\'s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb句型中的形容词为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如:
   It\'s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
用for用of 的另辨别方法:
  用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。通顺用of,不通则用for。例如:
   You are nice. (通顺,应用of)。
   He is hard.  (非所表达的意思,不通,用for。)

7.5 不定式作表语
  不定式可be动词后面,表语。例如:
   My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。
   His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是一名医生。

7.6 不定式作定语
  不定式做定语通常要被修饰的词后,往往表示未的动作。例如:
   I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。
   There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上(他回家时)两手空空。

7.7 不定式作状语
1)目的状语 
常用结构为to do , only to do(仅仅), in order to do, so as to do, so(such)… as to…(如此…以便…)。例如:
   He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上班车。
   I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2)作结果状语,可以表示预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要句子后面。
I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来箱子不见了。
   He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间,没
3) 表原因
I\'m glad to see you. 见到你兴。
She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
4)表示理由和条件
He must be a fool to say so.
You will do well to speak more carefully.

7.8 用作介词的to
to 可以用作介词,也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词:
admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to开始
look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to

7.9 省去to 的动词不定式
1) 情态动词 ( 除ought 外) 后。
2) 使役动词 let, have, make后,感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。
注意:被动语态中省去to。例如:
  I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。
  =He was seen to dance.
  The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让整夜干活。
  =They were made to work the whole night.
3) would rather,had better句型后
4) Why… / why no…句型后
5) help 后可带to,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:
6) but和except后。but前是实义动词do时,后面的不定式不带to。
:He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
   He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药,他都信。
7) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,个to 可以省去:
8) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时,可以省去to be。例如: 
   He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
典型例题
1) ---- I usually go there by train. 
  ---- Why not ___ by boat for a change? 
  A. to try going  B. trying to go  C. to try and go  D. try going  
  答案:D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式,选D。
2) Paul doesn\'t have to be made ___. He always works hard. 
  A. learn  B. to learn  C. learned  D. learning
  答案:B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式,当其用于被动时,to 不可省略。

7.10 动词不定式的否定式
在不定式标志to前加上not。例如:
  Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。
  She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候,她假装没看见。
典型例题
1)Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking. 
  A. never to drive  B. to never driver  C. never driving  D. never drive 
  答案:A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的定词never.
2) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ____. 
  A. not to  B. not to do  C. not do it  D. do not to
  答案:A。not to 为not to do it 的省略。可以只用to词,而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有宾语,也B,D不对。

7.11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1)too…to  太…以至于…。例如:
  He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了,说不出话来。
  ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- Well, I\'m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 
不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。
2) 如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,too 后那个词表达委婉含义,意 为\"不太\"。例如:
  It\'s never too late to mend.  改过不嫌晚。(谚语)
3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常… 等于very。例如:
  I\'m only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。
  He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to
1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。例如:
  Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故沉默是不丢掉他的工作。
  Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。
2)表示结果。例如:
  Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾,现在几点了。
    
7.13 不定式的特殊句型Why not
 \"Why not +动词原形\"表达向某人建议,翻译为:\"为不……?\" \"干吗不……?\"。例如:
 Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假?
   
7.14 不定式的时态和语态
1) 式表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作,有时在谓语动词的动作之后,例如
   He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这事。
   I hope to see you again. = I hope that I\'ll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如:
  I\'m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉,给你添了那么多的麻烦。
  He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像得了感冒。
3) 式表示动作正在,与谓语动词表示的动作。例如:
  He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃东西。
4) 式表示动作从开始并延续至说话的时候。例如:
  She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 知道她这问题有好几年了。

7.15 动名词与不定式
1)动名词与不定式的区别:
  动名词表达的是: 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已
  不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因,,一次性,将
2)有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语,意义相同。
3)有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语,意义大相径庭。常见的,下一节有
  
8.特殊词精讲
8.1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事,stop doing 停止做某事。例如:
  They stop to smoke a cigarette.  停下来,抽了根烟。
  I must stop smoking.      我戒烟了。
典型例题
  She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path. 
A. to have rested B. resting  C. to rest D. rest
答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在路边的大石头上休息。,应选择\"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事\"。而仅是爬山动作的终止,stop doing sth.不

8.2 forget doing/to do
  forget to do 忘记要去做某事,forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如:
  The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。(做关灯的动作)
  He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)
典型例题
  ---- The light in the office is still on.
  ---- Oh,I forgot___.          
  A. turning it off  B. turn it off  C. to turn it off  D. having turned it off
  答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯关上了,而忘记了事实。此处不符合题意。

8.3 remember doing/to do
  remember to do 记得去做某事,remember doing 记得做过某事。例如:
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don\'t you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

8.4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾,regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如:
  I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾去做,我实在办法。
  I don\'t regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do  B. to be doing  C. to have done  D. having done
答案:D。regret having done sth. 对已的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,选D。

8.5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 长,甚至永远停做某事,cease doing  短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。例如:
  That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复
  The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天。
  
8.6 try doing/to do
  try to do 努力,企图做某事,try doing 试验,试着做某事。例如:
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
  I tried gardening but didn\'t succeed. 我试着种果木花卉,但未


8.7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事,go on doing 做原来做的事。例如:
  After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后,他接着去做物理。
  Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完练习后,接着做的练习
 
8.8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为\"怕\",be afraid of doing 担心doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上的,意为\"生怕,恐怕\"。例如:
She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着,不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

8.9 be interested doing/to do
  interested to do 对做某事感兴趣,想某事,interested in doing  对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法。例如:
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道事。(想
I\'m interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (想法)

8.10 mean to doing/to do
  mean to do  打算、想,mean doing 意味着。例如:
   I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,我父亲不肯让我去。
 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 工资意味着购买力。
 
8.11 begin(start) doing/to do
  begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth.
1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始习惯时,使用doing。例如:
  How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴?
 2) begin, start用时时,后面动词用不定式to do。例如:
  I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。
 3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do。例如:
  I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。
 4) 事物作主语时。例如:
  The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了

8.12 感官动词 + doing/to do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性,+doing 表示动作的性。例如:
  I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调\"我看见了\"事实)
  I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调\"我见他正干活\"动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. 
  A. grow  B. grew  C. was growing  D. to grow
  答案:A。因题意为,看着她长大,强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,用see sb do sth 的句型。
2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river. 
  A. playing  B. to be playing  C. play  D. to play
  答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。

9. 分词
分词既有动词的特征,由有形容词和副词的特征。分词有现在分词和分词两种。现在分词有式和式,分词区别。及物动词的现在分词还有和被动的区别。分词常用的如表所示(物动词do 和不及物动词go为例):
do go
被动
现在分词 doing being done going
分词 / done gone
式 having done having been done /

9.1 分词作定语
不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在分词强调;及物动词的现在分词作定语强调分词强调被动。分词的不作定语。分词作成分时,如此。分词作定语,单个的分词作定语前置;分词词组,分词如given, left等,修饰不定代词等的分词,作定语需后置。例如:
 We can see the rising sun. 可以看到东升的旭日
 He is a retired worker.  他是位退休的工人
 There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
 This is the question given.   这是所给的问题
 There is nothing interesting.  有趣的东西
 分词作定语于定语从句,如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.
典型例题
  1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 
A. have written  B. to be written  C. being written  D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系,应用分词做定语表被动,于定语从句 which was written
  2)What\'s the language ____ in Germany? 
A. speaking  B. spoken   C. be spoken  D. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken,在句中作定语,修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:What\'s the language (which is) spoken in German?

9.2 分词作状语
分词作状语,可以表示,原因,理由,条件,让步,连续等,状语从句。例如:
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 收到他的信,我给他打了个电话。
  As I didn\'t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
  Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. 多给些照顾,那些树会长得
  If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
典型例题
 1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed  B. Followed by  C. Being followed  D. Having been followed
 答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外,还有动作正在之意。 followed by(被…跟随)。本题可改为:                 With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
 2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light. 
A. followed  B. following  C. to be followed  D. being followed
 答案B. 声音在闪电后,为声跟光,声音为跟随的发出者,为。用现在分词。
 3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating  B. To be heated  C. Heated  D. Heat
 答案C. 本题要选分词状语。现在分词表,正在的;分词表被动的,的。液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,选C。它状语从句 When it is heated,…
注意:选择现在分词分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用分词。例如:
Used for a long time, the book looks old. 用了很长,这本书看上去很旧。
  Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中,我这本书很有用。

9.3 连词+分词(短语)
 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词。 连词有: when,while,if though,after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语为同。例如:
  While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
等在那儿时,他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。(waiting 和saw 的主语相同)
9.4 分词作补语
  通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。例如:
  I found my car missing. 我我的车不见了。
  \'ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。

9.5 分词作表语
表示主语的状态等。例如:
  She looked tired with cooking. 她忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。
  He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。

9.6 分词作插入语
  分词作插入语的结构是固定的,意思上的主语并句子的主语。例如:
  generally speaking 说来
  talking of (speaking of) 说道
  strictly speaking 的说
  judging from 从…判断
  all things considered 从整体来看
  taking all things into consideration 看来
例如:Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看,他是病了。
  Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking dogs 的动作)

9.7 分词的时态
1)式表示与主语动词。例如:
  Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.  听到消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。
  Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 一到那儿,那男孩死了。
典型例题
  The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare  B. preparing  C. prepared  D. was preparing 
  答案B. 此处连词,选D,否则了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选。又因前后两个动作,且与主语为关系,应用现在分词。
2)时表示先于主语动词。例如:
  While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
  分词作状语,先与词的动作,且强调, 要用having done。
  Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后,他出去了。
  =As he had finished his homework, he went out.
典型例题
  ___ a reply, he decided to write again. 
A. Not receiving  B. Receiving not  C. Not having received  D. Having not received  
  答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。题意判断,分词的动作(接信)在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,用分词的式。分词的否定式的构not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

9.8 分词的语态
1)通常,现在分词表示分词表示被动。例如:
He is the man giving you the money.  (= who gave you…)他给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car.  (= who was stopped by…)他那个被车拦住的人。
2)不及物动词的分词表示动作,如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。
例如: a well-read person.  读过许多书的人
   a much-traveled may 去过许多地方的人
   a burnt-out match   烧完了的火柴

10.独立主格
10.1 独立主格
独立主格结构的构成:名词(代词)+现在分词、分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 
独立主格结构的特点:1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立
   2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
   3)独立主格结构有逗号与主句分开。
  例如:
  The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了,开始放假。
  The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
  Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许,明天去看你。
  This done, we went home. 工作后,才回家。
  The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.  会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
  He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻得红通通的。
  He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
 
10.2 with的复合结构作独立主格
  表示伴随情况时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构:with +名词(代词)+现在分词/分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如:
   He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise.他举手着站在那儿。
典型例题
  The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied  B. having tied  C. to be tied  D. tied  
  答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来本句中名词\"手\"与分词\"绑\"是被动关系,分词,选D.  
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如:A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.(hand前加his)劫匪冲进房间,手里拿着刀。
  2) 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用分词。例如:
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
他躺在那儿,牙紧咬,双手握拳,两眼直勾勾看着上面。
典型例题:
  Weather___, we\'ll go out for a walk.
  A permitted  B permitting  C permits  D for permitting
  答案B. 本题中连词,它复合句,也并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其两个简单句。能够使用的独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。 permit里翻译为\'天气允许\',表,应用现在分词,故选B。
  不会判断独立结构作状语的,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we\'ll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

11. 动词的时态
11.1 现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的状语连用。状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
   I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观,科学事实。例如:
  The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
  Shanghai lies in the east

   

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