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Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.

Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.

一.学习(Language Goal)

1.Learn to narrate past events.学会描述的事情。

2.Learn to express something with Past Perfect Tense. 学习使用时态。

3.Strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly.做事连续性,有条不紊。

二 .词组(Key phrases)

1.by the time 到…时候为止

2.get outside 到外边

3.get to school 到学校

4.get up 起床

5.get into the shower 去洗澡

6.get home 到家

7.start doing / to do sth 开始做某事

8.be late for 迟到

9.go off (闹钟)闹响

10.wake up 醒来

11.come out

12.run off 迅速离开,跑掉

13.on time 准时

14.in time

15.come by (走)

16.give sb a ride 让某人搭车

17.break down 损坏,坏掉

18.show up 出席,露面

19.stay up 熬夜

20.a costume party 化装舞会

21.sth happen to sb 某事在某人身上

22.so …that … 如此…以至于

23.set off ,开始

24.April Fool's Day 愚人节

25.get married 结婚

26.marry sb 与某人结婚

27.both …and … 二者…都…

28.get dressed 穿好衣服

29.on the first day 在

 

三. [交际用语]

 

1.By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.

2.By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone

3.By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching.

4.When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home

5.Have you ever overslept?

6.Have you ever been late for school?

四. [难点释义](Language Points)

1.get to 意为“到达”。例如:

When did you get there last night?

你昨晚时候到那儿的?

I get home at 7:00 every day.

我每天7:00到家。

When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.

我到电影院时,电影开始了。

辨析:get, arrive与reach

这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”,用法不同。

(1)get和arrive不及物动词,其后只能跟表示地点的副词,若是跟名词则须再加介词,即get to +地点名词,arrive in / at +地点名词(in 之后跟表示大地方的词,at之后跟表示小地方的词)。若是只说“到达”,而不指出到达哪里,则只能用arrive。例如:

How did you get / arrive there?

你怎么到那儿的?

I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.

我前天到的北京。

When do you often get to / arrive at school?

你经常时候到校?

When will you arrive?

时候到?

(2)reach为及物动词,其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如:

I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.

我前天到的北京。

We reached here on foot.

步行到这儿的。

2.关于get的词组小结

在本单元关于get的词组,要注意背诵:

get to school 到学校

get into the shower 去洗澡

get outside 到外边

get home 到家

get up 起床

get married 结婚

get dressed 穿好衣服

get to class 到班级

get bored 变得无聊

get tired 变得疲劳

3.I've never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close

我上学从未迟到过,昨天差一点儿就迟到了。

(1)I've 是I have的缩写,have been late是现在时态,现在时是指动作或状态开始于,持续到现在,并下去,而且对现在产生了,其构成是have / has+动词分词。例如:

I have been here since 1999.

自1999年我就儿。

We have lived in Jinan for 20 years.

在济南住了20年了。

She hasn't worked for 2 years.

她已2年不工作了。

(2)be late for 意为“……迟到”,for为介词,其后须跟名词。例如:

Don't be late for the meeting.

开会别迟到了。

Jim was late for school again.

吉姆上学又迟到了。

Tom has been late for classes twice.

汤姆上课迟到两次了。

(3)close为副词“接近地,靠近地”。此外came very close意为“到时与迟到很接近”。

4.My alarm clock didn't go off, … 闹钟大响……

go off 意为“爆发,大响”。例如:

Although the alarm clock went off, he didn't wake up.闹钟大响,醒来。

与go的词组还有:

(1)go in for“参加”(竞赛、考试);(嗜好、工作)“爱好”。例如:

She goes in for bird-watching.她爱好赏鸟。

(2)go on“”。例如:

Please go on.请

(3)go on doing sth 或go on with sth“做……”。例如:

He went on working without having a rest.

他一直工作,没停下来休息过。

(4)go over“调查,视察;越过”。例如:

You must go over your lessons before the exam.

考试前你复习。

5.…and I had to wait for him to come out.……我不等他

(1)have to 意为“不”。例如:

Do you have to take the test?

考试吗?

Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day.

汤姆每天练习讲汉语。

辨析:have to 与must

这两个词都可以表示“”。have to 强调客观原因,而must则强调主观原因;含有have to 的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do,does或did,而must本身是情态动词,句型转换时可以直接must。例如:

It is raining, we have to stay at home.

天在下雨,不待在家里。

We must work hard.

努力工作。

Lucy doesn't have to stand.

露茜不必站着。

You mustn't play in the street.

在街道上玩。

(2)wait 是不及物动词“等待,等候”的意思。可以用于词组wait for sb.“等某人”,wait to do sth.“等着做某事”,wait for sb to do sth.“等某人做某事”。例如:

Who are you waiting for?

你在等谁?

They can't wait to open the presents.

迫不及待地打开礼物。

You can wait for him to help you.

你可以等着他帮你。

6.Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left.

不幸的是,我到那儿的时候,公交车走了。

unfortunately 是副词“不幸地”,是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成词。如:lucky(幸运的)-unlucky(不幸的),use(用)-useful(有用的),forget(忘记)-forgetful(健忘的),un作前缀表示“not”的含义,即“un”是否定前缀。例如:fit(合适的)-unfit(不合适的),fair (公平的)-unfair(不公平的),known(闻名的)-unknown(不闻名的)等。

7.Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dad's car and they gave me a ride.

幸运的是,我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车让我搭了个便车。

(1)come by 意为“,走过;,获有”。例如:

Please let the car come by.

请让车

Good jobs are not easy to come by.

好工作不容易找到。

与come词组:

<1>come out”;开花;出版”。例如:

The moon has come out.

月亮了。

It's too cold for the flowers to come out.

天太冷了,花不开了。

<2>come about”,产生”。例如:

Tell me how the accident came about.

告诉我事情是怎么的。

<3>come across“(偶然)……,遇见……”。例如:

I came across his name on the list.

我无意中在名单上他的名字。

<4>come after”继……之后,接……而来”。例如:

Sunday comes after Saturday.

星期天在星期六之后。

<5>come back”回来”。例如:

When did he come back?

时候回来的?

<6>come to oneself”苏醒,醒”。例如:

At last, he came to himself.

最后他醒了。

<7>come from”来自”。例如:

Julia comes from Australia.

朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。

(2)give sb a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride为名词“搭车,乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车”。例如:

Can you give me a ride, Jack?

杰克,能让我搭个便车吗?

I want to get a ride.

我想搭个便车。

8.I only just made it to my class.我恰好到教室。

make it 意为“了,做成了”。这里指的是迟到,准时到达。例如:

-Have you got the job?

-你那份工作了吗?

-Yes, I made it.

-是的,我了。

9.Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?

你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗?

(1)辨析:forget to do 与forget doing

forget to do 指的是“忘了去做……”,即该事还未做;而forget doing 则指“忘了做了……”,即该事做完。例如:

Don't forget to turn off lights when you go out.

出去时别忘了关灯。

Sorry, I forgot to bring the books again.

起,我又忘了带书来了。

Lucy forgot locking the door.

露茜忘了已锁了门了。

Tom forgot turning off TV.

汤姆忘了关了电视了。

(2)辨析:bring, take

bring 意为“把……拿来,取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地;take 意为“把……拿走,取走”,即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如:

Please bring my English book here.

请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。

You can't take these magazines home.

杂志拿回家。

10.What happened to David on April Fool's Day?

愚人节那天,大卫出事了吗?

(1)happen to sb 意为“某人怎么了,在某人身上”。例如:

What happened to you?

你怎么了?

What happened to Jim?

吉姆出事了?

(2)英语中表示节日时须注意几点:

<1>表示“在……节”用介词on;

<2>表示节日的每个词的首字母大写;

<3>用day来表示“节”,且无冠词;

<4>用复数名词的所有格,如:Teachers' Day 教师节,Children's Day 儿童节,Women's Day 妇女节等;但也有用单数名词所有格的,如:Mother's Day 母亲节,Father's Day 父亲节等。例如:

Do you often go to parks on Children's Day?

你们儿童节经常去公园吗?

What do you usually do on New Year's Day?

新年你们通常干

Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fool's Day?

你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗?

11.Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country.

Welles 是如此地让人信任,以致于成百上千的人都相信了故事,进而激起了全国性的恐慌。

(1)So …that…句型中,so后面应加形容词或副词,意为“如此……以至于……”

eg.This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it.

这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。(so+形容词)

He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.

他跑得那么快,以致于我跟不上他。(so+副词)

So…that的是表示结果的状语从句,但不“要死套”“如此……以至于”的模式来译成汉语。

eg.It was so dark that he couldn't see the faces of his companions.

天太黑了,他看见同伴的脸。

(2)so that 主要用来目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can,may,should等情态动词连用,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号,意为“以便,使能够”。

eg.They set out early so that they might arrive in time

早早地以便按时到达。

Let's take the front seats so that we may see more clearly.

坐在前排吧,以便可以看得更清楚。

(3)set off 意为“,开始;引爆;衬托”。例如:

They'll set off on a journey around the world.

将要环球旅行。

Use blue eye-shadow to set off your green eyes.

用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。

与set词组:

<1>set about sth.“开始,着手”。例如:

I must set about my packing.

开始收拾行装了。

<2>set sb.against sb.“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如:

Set yourself against her.

跟她竞争。

<3>set in”开始”。例如:

The rainy season has set in.

雨季已开始了。

<4>set out”,启程”。set sth out”展示,陈列”。例如:

They set out at dawn.

在拂晓

He sets out his ideas clearly in his essay.

篇文章中地列出了他的观点。

<5>set up”,设立”。例如:

The memorial will be set up.

纪念碑要建成了。

12.…because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti.

……生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。

辨析:stop doing 与stop to do

stop doing 指的是“停止做”,

  

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