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[谷氨酰胺强化的早期肠内营养对严重烫伤大鼠肠黏膜结构及细胞凋亡的影响] 谷氨酰胺肠溶胶囊

时间:2019-01-23 来源:东星资源网 本文已影响 手机版

  [摘要] 目的 探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)对烫伤大鼠肠黏膜结构和细胞凋亡的影响。 方法 选择健康Wistar大鼠50只随机分为肠内营养组(EN组,20只)、肠内营养加谷氨酰胺补给组(EN+Gln组,20只)和假烫伤组(10只),制备总烧伤面积(TBSA)为25%的Ⅲ度烫伤动物模型,伤后早期分别给予肠内营养制剂能全力和能全力加Gln,于24、72 h观察肠黏膜结构,并检测细胞凋亡和血浆二胺氧化酶活性变化。 结果 大鼠在严重烫伤后肠黏膜受损,细胞凋亡较假烫伤组增多(P   DAO是肠黏膜细胞的标志酶,存在于哺乳动物小肠黏膜绒毛上层,其他组织和细胞中几乎不存在DAO。生理状况下,血浆中DAO活性很低,在肠黏膜受损时,肠黏膜上皮细胞受损坏死后DAO释放增加,进入淋巴管和血流,使血中DAO的含量升高而肠黏膜活性下降,其是反映小肠黏膜结构和功能较理想的指标[8]。在本实验中,严重烫伤后EN组和EN+Gln组DAO活性均比假烫伤组增高,烫伤72 h后两组DAO活性均呈下降趋势,但EN+Gln组下降更明显,说明Gln能使严重烫伤后血浆DAO活性下降,减少肠黏膜的损伤。Peng等[9]的研究表明,在应用Gln后,治疗组的血浆DAO活性降低,但14 d后仍高于正常水平,说明应用Gln虽减少了肠黏膜的损伤,但是不能治愈该损伤。本实验虽作用时间较短,但实验结果与Peng等[9]相似。
  细胞凋亡时钙镁依赖性核酸内切酶被激活,使DNA发生断裂,产生3"-OH末端,故可用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TDT)介导将标记的dUTP加到DNA分子有凹缺的3"-OH末端(TUNEL),从而检测凋亡细胞,此方法是目前研究细胞凋亡的最常用的技术,具有高敏感性和特异性且能够识别凋亡早期的细胞。本实验采用TUNEL法检测肠黏膜细胞凋亡发现,烫伤后大鼠的肠黏膜AI值比假烫伤组高,说明烫伤后大鼠的肠黏膜凋亡数量增加,小肠的萎缩与之有关;与EN组各时间点相比,EN+Gln组AI均降低,说明Gln能促进减少细胞凋亡。Kenji等[10]通过实验证实,在内毒素血症的大鼠中应用Gln能增加Bcl-2 mRNA表达并减少caspase-3的表达,说明Gln能抑制肠黏膜的细胞凋亡。Kana等[11]发现,出血性休克的大鼠上应用Gln能够保护肠黏膜细胞,抑制细胞凋亡。Gln抑制细胞凋亡的可能机制为:①Gln通过核酸合成的途径抑制细胞因子诱导的细胞凋亡[12];②Gln增强凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2的表达;③Gln增加热休克蛋白(Hsp70)的水平和提升谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,两者均具有抑制细胞凋亡的作用[13]。
  有研究表明,大鼠在严重的烫伤后肠绒毛的高度和肠黏膜的厚度均较正常大鼠低[14]。在本实验中,烫伤后大鼠的肠黏膜厚度和肠绒毛的高度均低于正常组,EN+Gln组和EN组都有恢复于正常的趋势,但在相同时间点EN+Gln组较EN组更接近正常值。Lü等[15]实验证实,给烧伤大鼠应用Gln,对受损肠黏膜的血流、肠黏膜厚度和肠绒毛高度均有逆转作用,说明Gln可减轻烧伤后肠黏膜受损程度,促进肠黏膜修复,与本实验结果一致。
  综上所述,本研究证实,大鼠在严重烫伤后肠黏膜受到损伤,Gln强化的早期肠内营养能减少严重烫伤大鼠的肠黏膜上皮细胞的凋亡,促进肠黏膜恢复,更好的维护肠黏膜屏障的作用,但是Gln保护烫伤后肠黏膜受损的具体机制尚不十分清楚,抑制细胞凋亡可能只是其作用机制之一。深入探讨其机制并采取相应的治疗策略,将有助于控制严重烫伤后全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)及多器官障碍综合征(MODS)的发生,对降低并发症、改善治疗效果都具有重要的临床意义。
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  (收稿日期:2011-12-06本文编辑:程铭)
  

标签:黏膜 烫伤 酰胺 大鼠