英语常用词as可以和其它词固定搭配在一起,构成一些常见词组和习惯用语。这些词组和习惯用语的用处非常广。 ① 词组such as 通常用来列举两个以上的例子,用以完善和补全句子的主题意思,它的意思是“例如”“比如”等。
I require reference books,such as a grammar, dictionary.(我需要参考书,比如语法词典之类。)
Besides Beijing they visited several other cities in china,such as Shanghai,Yan?an and Hangzhou.(除北京之外,他们还参观了中国的一些其它城市,比如上海、延安和杭州。)
② 词组so as to...是动词不定式的变化形式,用在句子中时用以表示目的,意思是“以便”。例如:
He lcft home before dawn so as to reach the airport on time.(他天亮之前就离开家以便准时到达机场。)
词组so...as to...也是不定式的变化形式,但是这个词组表示的是结果,一般译成“如此……以致于……。”例如:
The happy news made her so excited as to shed tear of joy.(好消息使她如此激动以至于流下了喜悦的眼泪。)
③ 词组as to...当中的to是介词它的后面要接名词、代词或宾语从句,as to往往译成“至于……”“关于”。例如:
As to this thorny question,we are going to discuss it tomorrow morning..(至于这个棘手的问题,我们打算明天上午讨论。
He is always very outspoken as to what is right and what is wrong.(关于是非问题,他总是直言不讳。)
词组as for...,它的意思和作用与as to没有什么区别。
As for me,I think I?d rather stay at home.(至于我,我想我还是留在家里更好。)
注意:as to和as for 这两个词组都 属于复杂介词结构,在句子中意思和作用基本相同,但是as for 通常只放在句首,而as to位置则没有明确的限制。
④ as far as和so far as这两个词组意思和作用基本相同,而as far as的语气比so far as稍微强一些,在现代英语中二者经常通用,它们通常使用于下面三种场合。
用以表示事物的实际距离和范围,意思是“远到……为止”例如:
The fire spread as far as the park.(大火燃烧到了公园。)
We traveled together as far as Yunnan.(我们一起旅行到了云南。)
用以表示事物的发展程度,意思是“直到……的程度或范围。”例如:
Tom went so far as to disregard the labour discipline.(汤姆竟然发展到了忽视劳动纪律的地步。)
用以表示“就……而论”时,as far as和so far as是连词,后面接状语从句。例如:
As far as we know,they are all satisfied with the new arrangement.(据我们所知,他们对新的安排都很满意。)
He isn?t ill as far as I know.(据我所知,他没有病。)
⑤ 词组as long as 原来的意思是时间 有多长,而词组so long as原来的意思是条件是什么,而在现在英语当中这两个词组的作用和意思通用了,基本没有了差别,只是so long as的语气略强一些。
二者均可用以表示时间,意思是“在……期间。”
As (so)long as I live,I?ll keep on learning new knowledge.(在我有生之年,我要不断学习新知识。)
二者均可表示条件,意思是“只要……”
You may borrow this book as (so)long as you keep it clean.(你可以借这本书,只要你保持它的清洁。)
⑥ 词组as soon as 和so soon as都是用来表示时间的连词,意思是“一……就……”二者在句中可以换用,而后者的语气略强。例如:
As soon as he comes back let me know.(他一回来,马上就告诉我。)
Come here as soon as you finish the work.(你干完活就到这里来。)
⑦ 词组as follows是as it follows的省略形式,它的意思是“如下……”。
The chief reasons are as follows.(主要理由如下。)
The results are as follows.(结果如下。)
⑧ As well as 意思是“也,又”在句子中使用时可起连接作用。例如:
The child is lively as well as healthy.(这孩子既活泼又健康。)另外这个词组也可以把后面的as去掉,放在句末作状语。例如:
He knows German as well.(他也懂德文。)
⑨ as a rule 意思是“通常,一般说来”例如:
As a rule,we get up at about six o?clock.(我们通常在6点钟左右起床。)
⑩ as a whole意思是“总体上”例如:
You should view the situation as a whole.
(你应当从总体上看形势。)
?B11? As a matter of fact 意思是“事实上,实际上”在句子中起语气转折的作用(现代英语中可把as a 略去,只用matter of fact)例如:Jack said he was ill.As a matter of fact,He was all right.(杰克说他病了,事实上,他身体很好。)
?B12? as usual 意思是“象往常一样”“照例”例如:
As usual,he got up very early.(和往常一样,他起床很早。)
?B13? as if (=as though)意思是“仿佛,好象”
as if引导的从句所表达的事情如果是主观猜测而不是事实,就用虚拟语气来表示。例如:
he looks as if he were (was) ill.
(他看起来仿佛得病似的)
as if 引导的从句所表述的事情如果多半是事实,就用陈述语气来表示,尤其在it looks as if句型里面,例如:
It looks as if it is going to rain.(看起来天要下雨了。)
as if 后面还可以接不定式结构。例如:
He opened his lips as if to speak.(他张开了嘴好象要说话似的。)